Hawking’s contributions to physics earned him many exceptional honours. In 1974 the Royal Society elected him one of its youngest fellows. He became professor of gravitational physics at Cambridge in 1977, and in 1979 he was appointed to Cambridge’s Lucasian professorship of mathematics, a post once held by Isaac Newton.

His publications included The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time (1973), Superspace and Supergravity (1981), The Very Early Universe(1983), and the best sellers A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes(1988).

Even though it was first Henri Becquerel who discovered radiation, it was Marie Curie who made the most advances regarding it, such as: using it as a power source and isolating it.

(Summary in the PDF)

Narrative text (autobiographical):

1. "Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!" by Richard P. Feynman:

   • Characters: Richard Feynman (main character and author), various scientists, colleagues, and friends.

   • Plot: The narrative is a collection of anecdotes and stories that follow Feynman's life, from his childhood to his experiences as a physicist. It includes his time at Princeton, work on the Manhattan Project, involvement in the Challenger Space Shuttle disaster investigation, and various personal adventures.

   • Settings: The narrative spans various locations, including Princeton University, Los Alamos during the Manhattan Project, and California Institute of Technology (Caltech).

     
     

   Scientific text: recopilation of lectures by this scientific.

   
   

2. "The Feynman Lectures on Physics" by Richard P. Feynman:

   • Problem: The problem addressed in these lectures is to impart a comprehensive understanding of fundamental principles in physics to students.

   • Theoretical Framework: The lectures cover classical mechanics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and more, providing a theoretical foundation for understanding physical phenomena.

   • Hypothesis: While not explicitly framed as hypotheses, the lectures present theoretical models and principles that explain observed physical phenomena.

   • Results: The "results" here are the elucidation of key concepts and principles in physics, presented in a clear and engaging manner.

   • Methodology: Feynman's teaching methodology involves clear explanations, illustrative examples, and a deep focus on fundamental principles.

   • Settings: The lectures were originally presented at Caltech, and the content spans a broad range of physics topics, providing a theoretical framework for understanding the physical world.

One of Feynman`s lectures audio:

https://youtu.be/vJfw86Hzei0?si=kBiNaIU1sTZhjZRb

NARRATIVE TEXT

• Charles Darwin's "The Voyage of the Beagle" is a travelogue documenting his experiences and observations during the HMS Beagle expedition (1831-1836).

• Captures Darwin's scientific curiosity and keen observations across various countries and their natural environments.

• Narrative covers diverse subjects, including geology, biology, anthropology, and paleontology.

• Provides vivid descriptions of landscapes, flora, and fauna in South America, the Galápagos Islands, Australia, and Africa.

• Notably observes variations among finches in the Galápagos, laying the groundwork for his later theory of evolution by natural selection.

• Darwin's writing reflects the excitement of discovery and the challenges of exploration.

• Growing realization of the interconnectedness of life emerges through Darwin's observations.

• Serves as a precursor to Darwin's revolutionary ideas presented in "On the Origin of Species."

• Offers readers a firsthand account of Darwin's journey, providing valuable insights into the natural world.

SCIENTIFIC TEXT

• Charles Darwin's seminal work, "On the Origin of Species," proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection.

• Published in 1859, the book revolutionized biology. Darwin argued that species evolve over time through a process of natural selection, where traits beneficial for survival are passed on to offspring.

• This concept challenged prevailing beliefs about divine creation and provided a scientific explanation for the diversity of life on Earth.

• Darwin's work laid the foundation for modern evolutionary biology and sparked widespread scientific inquiry into the mechanisms driving the adaptation and diversity of living organisms.

"Madame Curie"

A brilliant mind and a love without barriers: Marie Curie and his husband, Pierre, start a scientific trip will define the plot...

Franklin enrolled at Newnham College, Cambridge, in 1938 and studied chemistry.

“Helical Chirality of Supramolecular Columns and Spheres Self-Organizes Complex Liquid Crystals, Crystals, and Quasicrystals.”

This text introduces the idea on how self organizing molecules can be designed artificially by scientists, in this specific study it proves that the scientists managed to form complex liquid crystals using the ADN structure as some sort of blocks.

It contains detail images on this process, with clear explanations.

It contains detailed explanations on how DNA structure works and how they managed to obtain the liquid crystals from DNA.

This book was published in August 17 2021 by professor Virgil percec and Dr. Qi Xiao.

She died of ovarian cancer in 1958, at age 37.

Narrative text

Marie Curie, born in 1867 in Poland, overcame financial challenges and political instability to make significant contributions to physics and chemistry. Her groundbreaking work on radioactivity led to the discovery of radium and polonium in 1898, advancing medical treatments for conditions like prostate cancer. In 1903, she became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize in Physics, later achieving another Nobel Prize in Chemistry, making her the first person to win in different fields. During World War I, Curie focused on humanitarian efforts, establishing mobile radiology units and developing radium-based needles for sterilizing soldiers' wounds. Despite international recognition, she faced a lack of acknowledgment in her home country, France. Marie Curie's legacy endures as a trailblazer in science and a compassionate humanitarian, and she holds the distinction of being the first woman buried in The Pantheon in Paris.

Scientific text

"Recherches sur les Substances Radioactives (1904)" is a significant scientific work that explores radioactive substances. Published in 1904, the text contributes to the early understanding of radioactivity, providing insights into the properties and behaviors of radioactive materials.

Bullet points
-She was born 7th November 1867 in Varsovia, Polonia
-She was a physicist, chemist and pioneer in the study of radiation
-In 1903 she was conceived the Nobel Prize in Physics, for the discovery of radioactive elements
-She became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person to win two Nobel Prizes, and the only woman to win in two fields
-She was remembered for the discovery of radium and polonium, and her huge contribution to finding treatments for cancer.

https://youtu.be/mU0oOUTo5zo?si=jaHoBuEEXVv5H-6y

Narrative text

Marie Curie, born in 1867 in Poland, overcame financial challenges and political instability to make significant contributions to physics and chemistry. Her groundbreaking work on radioactivity led to the discovery of radium and polonium in 1898, advancing medical treatments for conditions like prostate cancer. In 1903, she became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize in Physics, later achieving another Nobel Prize in Chemistry, making her the first person to win in different fields. During World War I, Curie focused on humanitarian efforts, establishing mobile radiology units and developing radium-based needles for sterilizing soldiers' wounds. Despite international recognition, she faced a lack of acknowledgment in her home country, France. Marie Curie's legacy endures as a trailblazer in science and a compassionate humanitarian, and she holds the distinction of being the first woman buried in The Pantheon in Paris.

Scientific text

"Recherches sur les Substances Radioactives (1904)" is a significant scientific work that explores radioactive substances. Published in 1904, the text contributes to the early understanding of radioactivity, providing insights into the properties and behaviors of radioactive materials.

Bullet points

-She was born 7th November 1867 in Varsovia, Polonia

-She was a physicist, chemist and pioneer in the study of radiation

-In 1903 she was conceived the Nobel Prize in Physics, for the discovery of radioactive elements

-She became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person to win two Nobel Prizes, and the only woman to win in two fields

-She was remembered for the discovery of radium and polonium, and her huge contribution to finding treatments for cancer.

published in 1751.

• In this collection, Franklin presents his groundbreaking experiments and discoveries related to electricity

• In "Experiments and Observations on Electricity," Benjamin Franklin outlines his pioneering experiments and observations related to electricity.

• One of the most famous experiments described is the kite experiment, conducted in 1752, where Franklin flew a kite during a thunderstorm to demonstrate the electrical nature of lightning. Through this experiment and others, he introduced key concepts such as electric charge, conductors, and insulators.

• Franklin's text is crucial in the history of science, exposing his innovative approach to experimental inquiry and his contributions to the emerging field of electrical physics.

Narrative text; Benjamin franklin autobiography:

The autobiography is divided into four parts. The first three parts were written by Franklin himself, and the fourth part was added by a later editor.

1. Part One: Franklin details his early life, his family background, and his apprenticeship as a printer. He also discusses his intellectual development and the beginning of his quest for self-improvement.

2. Part Two: This section covers Franklin's life in Philadelphia, his involvement in civic and public affairs, and the establishment of the Junto, a club for mutual improvement.

3. Part Three: Franklin describes his experiments and inventions, including his famous kite experiment that led to the understanding of electricity. This part also covers his involvement in public service and diplomacy.

4. Part Four: Added later, this section covers Franklin's diplomatic missions in Europe during the American Revolution and his thoughts on various topics.
   
   

Marie Curie, a pioneering scientist, made groundbreaking contributions to the fields of physics and chemistry. Born in Poland in 1867, she conducted pioneering research on radioactivity alongside her husband Pierre Curie. Marie's work led to the discovery of the elements polonium and radium. Despite facing challenges as a woman in a male-dominated field, she became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and remains an iconic figure in the history of science. Marie Curie's legacy continues to inspire future generations of scientists.

Scientific text: radium Marie cuerie and modern science

By H. Langevin-Joliot

Langevin-Joliot, H. Radium, Marie Curie and Modern Sci-ence. Radiat. Res. 150 (Suppl.), S3-58 (1998).
In 1898, the discovery of two new elements, polonium and radium, reawakened interest in the topic of uranic rays discovered 2 years before by H. Becquerel. Radioactivity, a name coined by Marie Curie, became a major research field for decades. The contrasting personalities of Pierre Curie, already a first-rank physicist, and of the young Marie Curie-Sklodowska as they undertook their common work are described. It is shown how a well-chosen quantitative method and a systematic approach combining physics and chemistry led to the discovery within less than 1 year. The special role of radium and the determination of its atomic weight by Marie Curie followed by her long-term program for accumulating pure radium salts are emphasized. The first woman with a full professorship at a French University, Marie Curie created and managed the Radium Institute.

https://www.nobelprize.org/womenwhochangedscience/stories/marie-curie

https://youtu.be/w6JFRi0Qm_s?si=YY1myxSwD3YjFvyV

María José Velázquez

• Nikola Tesla was one of the greatest inventors whose inventions managed to transform America into a nation of communication by power grids

• Tesla was a brilliant and charismatic immigrant who rose to the height of a celebrity with his amazing talent and intelligence

• Tesla was a visionary thinker and in both his papers and interviews, he had anticipated the development of radio and television broadcasting, robotics, computers and faxes

• “The Problem of Increasing Human Energy” is an essay written by Nikola Tesla in 1900. In it, Tesla discusses his ideas and proposals for harnessing and utilizing natural resources to enhance human productivity and well-being. He explores concepts related to energy transmission, renewable resources, and the efficient use of energy to improve the overall quality of life for humanity. Tesla’s visionary ideas in this essay reflect his innovative thinking in the realm of science and technology.

• A New System of Alternate Current Motors and Transformers, AIEE Address, May 16, (1888), Phenomena of Alternating Currents of Very High Frequency, Electrical World, Feb. 21, (1891), Experiments with Alternate Currents of Very High Frequency and Their Application to Methods of Artificial Illumination, AIEE, Columbia College, N.Y., May 20, (1891), Experiments with Alternate Currents of High Potential and High Frequency, IEE Address, London, February 1892
  

The Reith Lectures on Black Holes likely explore the fascinating topic of black holes, delving into their formation, properties, and the impact they have on our understanding of the universe. These lectures may cover both the theoretical aspects of black holes as well as the observational evidence supporting their existence, providing a comprehensive overview of this captivating astronomical phenomenon.

https://youtube.com/shorts/WnS6A8oPyaQ?si=OVLHfV1LLVdZLeXS

María José Velázquez

• Nikola Tesla was one of the greatest inventors whose inventions managed to transform America into a nation of communication by power grids

• Tesla was a brilliant and charismatic immigrant who rose to the height of a celebrity with his amazing talent and intelligence

• Tesla was a visionary thinker and in both his papers and interviews, he had anticipated the development of radio and television broadcasting, robotics, computers and faxes

• “The Problem of Increasing Human Energy” is an essay written by Nikola Tesla in 1900. In it, Tesla discusses his ideas and proposals for harnessing and utilizing natural resources to enhance human productivity and well-being. He explores concepts related to energy transmission, renewable resources, and the efficient use of energy to improve the overall quality of life for humanity. Tesla’s visionary ideas in this essay reflect his innovative thinking in the realm of science and technology.

• A New System of Alternate Current Motors and Transformers, AIEE Address, May 16, (1888), Phenomena of Alternating Currents of Very High Frequency, Electrical World, Feb. 21, (1891), Experiments with Alternate Currents of Very High Frequency and Their Application to Methods of Artificial Illumination, AIEE, Columbia College, N.Y., May 20, (1891), Experiments with Alternate Currents of High Potential and High Frequency, IEE Address, London, February 1892

1.1 Characters: J. Robert Oppenheimer, Katherine Oppenhei, Leslie Groves, Lewis Strauss, Jean Tatlock, Isidro Isaac Rabí, Edward Teller, Ernest Lawrence, Vannevar Bush, Frank Oppenheimer, Robert Seber…

1.2 During World War II, Lt. Gen. Leslie Groves Jr. appoints physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer to work on the top-secret Manhattan Project. Oppenheimer and a team of scientists spend years developing and designing the atomic bomb. Their work comes to fruition on July 16, 1945, as they witness the world's first nuclear explosion, forever changing the course of history.

1.3It took place in Los Alamos

1.4 It features of war film and judicial drama, but, above all, of reflection on human morality and its existential anguish.

1.5 Oppenheimer is inspired by the true story of the Manhattan Project and the physique and the team that helped shape it and realize it, creating the bomb that changed the story and caused destruction

2. Scientific text: on the quantum theory of the problem of the two bodies

   
   

The problem or the two bodies has been confronted by various physicist like Schrödinger or Dirac, the paper is an attempt at a more complete solution, it is hoped to treat the problem in greater detail