https://padlet.com/averytuccio/c6temj56il9y6e96 en-us 2023-05-03 00:27:23 UTC 2023-05-04 00:32:57 UTC hello@padlet.com averytuccio https://padlet.com/averytuccio/c6temj56il9y6e96/wish/2575932202 Mastrofski; R R Ritti; D Hoffmaster
A study on drunk driving stops showed that officers in 2 larger departments governed by administrative procedure, were less likely to arrest than those in smaller departments. Loose aspects of the apparatus and discretion were pronounced in large departments, but priorites were coupled to officer discretion in smaller departments. Smaller agencies relied on DUI arrests to assert their dominance and professional worth. Larger departments were preoccupied with other issues, not finding DUIs useful for sustaining community support. ]]> 2023-05-03 00:43:18 UTC https://padlet.com/averytuccio/c6temj56il9y6e96/wish/2575932202 averytuccio https://padlet.com/averytuccio/c6temj56il9y6e96/wish/2575949790 L W Sherman; R A Berk
The experiment conducted between 1981 - 1982, applied to simple domestic assaults. With both the suspect and victim present, the police officers were required to carry report forms, colored coded to the policeman’s 3 response types. Results showed that arresting the suspect was the most effective in preventing future violence. Problems arrived in police discretion as this caused many spouses to fear calling the police as their loved one might be arrested. Domestic violence cases focus on victims to use their discretion in deciding on whether to call the police. 

]]> 2023-05-03 00:58:22 UTC https://padlet.com/averytuccio/c6temj56il9y6e96/wish/2575949790 averytuccio https://padlet.com/averytuccio/c6temj56il9y6e96/wish/2575975122 Joseph A. Schafer; Stephen D. Mastrofski
A study showed how police officers made decisions to stop and punish in the course of traffic enforcement duties. The study relied on field observations on how officers used discretion, partially leniency, in traffic encounters - The findings indicated that leniency in sanctioning was common in drivers that lived up to the officer's behavioral expectations. Less respect toward officers and regretfulness towards their actions lead to harsher and less lenient treatment.


]]> 2023-05-03 01:20:44 UTC https://padlet.com/averytuccio/c6temj56il9y6e96/wish/2575975122 averytuccio https://padlet.com/averytuccio/c6temj56il9y6e96/wish/2576029531 Khalil Gibran Muhammad
Khalil, a historian who taught at Harvard University was subjected to police violence. He participated in a protest by the Black Student Union where they tried to confiscate the entire run of the school newspaper. The newspapers were free, but the officer wanted him to drop them when he proceeded to take them. When Khalil didn’t comply things took a turn for the worst, the officer who'd arrested Khalil was put on leave by the university, but he quickly appealed. Kahlil had no record of criminal activity or background he was simply wrongfully placed in the hand of mistreatment by a policeman using his power of discretion. ]]> 2023-05-03 02:06:07 UTC https://padlet.com/averytuccio/c6temj56il9y6e96/wish/2576029531 averytuccio https://padlet.com/averytuccio/c6temj56il9y6e96/wish/2576091699 Remington & Lloyd Ohlin 
Conducted surveys on police departments and officers that would focus on how the law operates compared to how it is written in a book. The study showed that discretion was found to be used at all levels of criminal justice organizations. The simple idea that a policeman can proceed with a arresting whether a law has been violated or not, was an inaccurate portrayal of how police operated.

]]> 2023-05-03 02:54:09 UTC https://padlet.com/averytuccio/c6temj56il9y6e96/wish/2576091699 averytuccio https://padlet.com/averytuccio/c6temj56il9y6e96/wish/2577292806 KKK 
State and local governments have enacted legislation to prevent violence, but this did not stop the right to have freedom of speech and assembly of the KKK members. States and other legislative efforts to prevent Klan violence included penalties for crimes committed because of racial or religious bias. Collecting evidence and information on bias crime was required by law enforcement, prohibiting carrying any weapons at parades or marches. Leaving an open door to police discretion on the report of a bias/ hate crime. 

]]> 2023-05-03 20:37:59 UTC https://padlet.com/averytuccio/c6temj56il9y6e96/wish/2577292806 averytuccio https://padlet.com/averytuccio/c6temj56il9y6e96/wish/2577315694 Anna Thompson 
A study by a National Urban League researcher showed that the population in Philadelphia, at the time was 7.4% but blacks made up 25% of the arrest. She states that "they were overwhelmingly innocent of any real charges except suspicious character”.They were needless arrests. They concluded that big cities had a systematic massive policing problem, due to the freedom of arrest policemen were able to make]]> 2023-05-03 21:11:18 UTC https://padlet.com/averytuccio/c6temj56il9y6e96/wish/2577315694 averytuccio https://padlet.com/averytuccio/c6temj56il9y6e96/wish/2577324932 Sale & Distribution of alcohol 
World War 1 is over and so are America's days of drinking. From 1920 to 1933, the sale and distribution of alcohol were off-limits to everyone but resulted in the biggest surge of underground illegal alcohol smuggling. Government agencies found it hopeless to fight against illegal alcohol sales, police often joined the mobsters because if you can beat them, join them. The discretion in their job allowed them to join in the sales of illegal alcohol rather than trying to stop it.]]> 2023-05-03 21:27:18 UTC https://padlet.com/averytuccio/c6temj56il9y6e96/wish/2577324932 averytuccio https://padlet.com/averytuccio/c6temj56il9y6e96/wish/2577330327 August Vollmer
The police chief of Berkeley, California from 1909 through 1923 decided to make policing more professional. He created the first police records system, he was the first to create a mobilized force, and the first to use the lie detector. Gaining a more controlled hold on the force would lead to better policing in general, closing loopholes in the law that would not allow them to prosecute gangsters before. This also came with the aspect of trust in the officers, since they were pronounced more trained to handle various situations on their own.]]> 2023-05-03 21:35:54 UTC https://padlet.com/averytuccio/c6temj56il9y6e96/wish/2577330327 averytuccio https://padlet.com/averytuccio/c6temj56il9y6e96/wish/2577331936  Kelly Miller
In 1935, this leading sociologist published a poignant statement about police officers represented in black communities. He states that too often that the policeman's club is the only instrument of the law with which blacks comes into contact. This engenders in him a distrust and resentful attitude toward all public officers, no one doubts that a kinder attitude would convince blacks of the value of themselves and representation of good citizenship. The option between these attitudes traces back to choose of the officers. ]]> 2023-05-03 21:38:28 UTC https://padlet.com/averytuccio/c6temj56il9y6e96/wish/2577331936