https://padlet.com/shoetzlein/c6repm10uica FRQ 3 en-us 2018-04-02 23:56:13 UTC 2025-11-03 07:33:15 UTC hello@padlet.com shoetzlein https://padlet.com/shoetzlein/c6repm10uica/wish/248323599  Literacy tests (exam about knowledge that was difficult to pass based on the unequal education) • Poll taxes (fees to vote that put the disproportionately impoverished minority groups at a disadvantage)  • Grandfather clauses (allowed for whites who could not pass literacy tests or poll taxes to avoid the new laws)• Dilution of voting strength through redistricting (crack, stack)• White primaries (only whites vote in primaries in districts that often were unchallenged or the other part had weak support thus making the primary winner the guaranteed general election winner leaving out black voters)• Election procedures (notification, access) are just another obstacle that created inconvenience thus discouraging participation ]]> 2018-04-03 22:49:46 UTC https://padlet.com/shoetzlein/c6repm10uica/wish/248323599 shoetzlein https://padlet.com/shoetzlein/c6repm10uica/wish/248324080  Demonstrations/protests/public rallies/civil disobedience • Organized interest-group activity (e.g., NAACP) • Courts/litigation • Boycotts • Election activities other than voting (campaigning, donating) ]]> 2018-04-03 22:54:24 UTC https://padlet.com/shoetzlein/c6repm10uica/wish/248324080 shoetzlein https://padlet.com/shoetzlein/c6repm10uica/wish/248324143 Increasing Participation through efficacy • Linkage mechanism ties constituents to the process • Policy output or outcome by drawing attention, resources, or through court ruling]]> 2018-04-03 22:55:02 UTC https://padlet.com/shoetzlein/c6repm10uica/wish/248324143