Chinese Exclusion Act- Congress banned all immigration from China, restrictions were never fully lifted until 1965

Settlement Houses- These houses taught immigrants English, pioneered early childhood education, taught industrial arts, and established neighborhood theatres and music schools.

Political Machines- Tightly organized groups of politicians that created social clubs later developing them into power centers.

Alienation- Many immigrants experienced isolation of both their culture and the culture of the new country.

Jane Addams- One creator of Hull House in Chicago. This is the most famous experiment of Settlement Houses.

Frederic Auguste Bartholdi- French sculptor of Statue of Liberty, used at great welcoming statue for immigrants coming to the US.

President Cleveland- Vetoed a literacy test that restricted more immigrants from the US.

Frank Leslie- Creator of Political Cartoon illustrating struggles of Chinese immigrants.

1886- Statue of Liberty placed: The year the wonderful welcoming statue was placed congress numerous new laws restricting immigration.

1889- Hull House was created: Settlement house that helped give immigrant children education and opportunities in the industrial economy.

1892- Opening of Ellis Island: This harbor opened as an immigration center, new arrivals passed medical exams and paid a tax before becoming in the US.

1917- Literacy test for immigrants vetoed: The test was meant to restrict immigrants from the work force but vetoed by President Cleveland.

European and Chinese immigrants worked on railroads. For example, the Transcontinental was built by many of these immigrants. Later in the 19th century the Chinese Exclusion Act was put into place. It was not removed until 1943, but by then many Chinese immigrants were banned from immigrating to the US.

Lone Star College- (rise of industrial America->immigration to the US)

Employers took advantage of the new immigrants' need for a job and paid men less than native workers and women less than men. During this time the immigrants also suffered through horrible abuse (verbal and physical). This discrimination and stereotyping created large social tensions.

Many Americans had concerns about immigration. They were opposed because of the impact it may have on jobs, economy, and culture.

Boss and Machine Politics-

Boss and Machine Politics provided a significant role in the making of a corrupted government and political power.

Settlement Houses-

Settlement houses created support and resources for immigrants in need. Their communities' living conditions improved.