The Late Bronze Age

Slavery

Moses

Intermediate Period Hyksos 1800-1600 (continued): the Hyksos began to invade Egypt from Western Asia

Egypt was divided into at least two political areas: Hyksos in the north and the 17th Dynasty at Thebes in in the south

Old Kingdom: 1650 Hattusilis I, founder of the Old Hittite Kingdom

1830-1530 Babylon I (continued)

(Assyria) Cappadocian Colonies (continued)

1750-1697 "Mari Age" (continued)

Zimri-lim (continued)

Hammurabi (continued) ends ~1750

Kassite Invasions: A group from the east began challenging Babylonia

MB II B (continued) Religious temples, advances in mineral processing for tools

Joseph's arrival and ascent to power in Egypt~1683-1670 BC, Jacob's family settling in the land of Goshen~1610

1650-1542 Hykos rule 15th Dynasty at Avaris: Hyksos controlled the Delta and parts of Middle Egypt

Jacob and his family move to Egypt. Jacob was 130 years old

16th Dynasty subservient

1545-1524 Amenhotep I

1527-1507 Amenophis I

1518-1504 Thutmose II

1504-1483 (Hatshepsut)

The beginning of the New Kingdom (Empire)

1552-1306 XVIII Dynasty

1552-1527 Amos's

Hyksos expelled by Ahmose I and reunited Egypt

2600-2500 III-IV Dynasties: stability and prosperity

2200-2100 I Intermediate Period: political instability, severe drought around 2200-2150, governors gained power

2100-1800 The Middle Kingdom: advancements in art, literature, and trade

2040 Egypt reunited

Early Bronze IV (III B): severe drought, instability

Semi-nomadic incursions

2360-2180 Empire of Akkad: unified Akkad and Sumerian

Guti invasion: group from the Zagros Mountains came down and conquered the Akkad empire, end of the Akkadian Empire

2060-1950 Ur III: Ur-Nammu, the governor of Ur, established the Third Dynasty of Ur, Sumerian power.

2000: Epic of Gilgamesh

2900-2300 The Old Kingdom: construction of the pyramids at Giza

2550 Great Pyramids built at Giza, Egypt

2600-2500 III-IV Dynasties (The Pyramid Age)

Palestine (Canaan), beginning of walled towns.

Early Bronze II

Early Bronze III

2850-2360 Early Dynastic Period (Sumerian City States): developed writing, urban centers, centralized governments

Amratian: located at El-Amrah

Ghassulian -3500 small settlements, farming people

3500 Warka: earliest city life

3400 Flood covers Ur

~3200 Jemdet Nasr: Clay tablets with early forms of writing

2100-1800 The Middle Kingdom

1991-1786 (alternate dates: 1991-1802) XII Dynasty: Amun, the most important god of the Ancient Egyptian pantheon

2100-2000 Middle Bronze I: shift from large cities to smaller towns, commonly referred to as "Dark Age" due to difficulty in finding archaeological findings

Some scholars start Abraham from the Bible ~2200-1900, and others have his birth in 1952

1929 or 1738 Jacob flees to Haran

1886 or 1672 Isaac dies

1884 or 1670 Joseph becomes an Egyptian official

1876 or 1662 Jacob moves his family to Egypt

2060-1950 Ur III: (continued)

Assyria

Mari

Isin

Larsa

1991-1786 XII Dynasty (continued): 1971 to 1926 BC Senusret I, one of the most powerful kings of the 12th dynasty, expanded Egypt, prosperous

2100-2000 Middle Bronze I (continued). Archaeological excavations: Jericho, Megiddo, Lachish, and Jerusalem

Renewed urbanism, cultural development, and interaction with neighboring civilizations

Cappadocian Colonies: commercial settlements where Assyrian merchants conducted trade, primarily in textiles and metal

1991-1786 XII Dynasty: 1860-1814 Amenemhat III’s reign, peaceful because he followed the aggressive military and domestic policies of Senusret III. Amenemhat was known for constructing pyramids.

1895: King Sesostris starts irrigation project in northern Egypt

2100-1500 BC THE PATRIARCHS: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are recounted in the book of Genesis (chapters 12–50)

2000-1800 BC MB IIA: southern Levant (Canaan), (modern-day Israel, Palestine, and parts of Jordan), rise in urban centers

(Assyria) Cappadocian Colonies

1870 (Isin) Lipit-Ishtar

City-States: Kanesh shaped the early Hittite presence in Anatolia

1991-1786 XII Dynasty (continued): 1878-1839 Senusret III and 1860-1814 Amenemhat III

THE PATRIARCHS (continued) Abraham tested for his faith

MB IIA (continued)

(Assyria) Cappadocian Colonies (continued)

1870 (Isin) Lipit-Ishtar (continued)

1830-1530 I Babylon: Babylon, located in present-day Iraq, at first a small city-state, rose to prominence under leadership

City-States (continued): Hattusa (also known as Hattush) was a significant city located in central Anatolia. It was later destroyed by Anitta around 1730 BCE.

1991-1786 XII Dynasty Ends: The death of Queen Sobekneferu, who died without a male heir, marked the end of the dynasty and the beginning of the Second Intermediate Period. 

THE PATRIARCHS (continued) the story of Joseph

MB IIA (continued): primarily inhabited by Canaanites who establish walled cities, develop pottery techniques, and create an alphabetic writing system

(Assyria) Cappadocian Colonies (continued)

(Isin) Lipit-Ishtar ca. 1870 (continued)

I Babylon ca. 1830-1530 (continued)

Hammurabi's Code

1770-1759 (Larsa) Warad-sin

City-States (continued): The Hittites were establishing a kingdom in Anatolia

1800-1600 II Intermediate Period. The Hyksos: possibly from the Levant, often associated with the Amorites

MB II B (continued): Settlement and urban growth led to cities being well-fortified. Long-distance trade was established between Joppa, Beth Shean, Jericho, Jerusalem, Beersheba, and Amman.

Jacob and his family's move to Egypt to escape famine

1750-1718 (1813-1781) (Assyria) Shamshi-adad I

1750-1697 (2900-1759) (Mari) The "Mari Age"

1730-1697 (1775-1761) (Mari) Zimri-lim

1792-1750 Hammurabi: Code of Hammurabi, one of the earliest and most complete written legal codes.

1758-1698 (Larsa) Rim-sin

City-States (continued) 1745-1720 Anitta's Reign and the Destruction of Hattusa.

The area was ruled by the Ottoman Empire

Death of Isaac is recorded around 1620

Hebrews in Egypt

Middle Bronze II C

1830-1530 Babylon I (continued)

(Assyria) Cappadocian Colonies (continued)

Zimri-lim (continued)

(Isin) Kassite Dynasty

(Larsa) Dynasty of the Sea Lands: southern Mesopotamia in the marshy area of modern-day Iraq

Old Kingdom (continued)

1650–1620 Hattusili I, who reigned and is thought to be the founder of the Old Hittite Kingdom

1620 Mursili I continued expanding in Northern Syria

Labarnas: traditional first king of the Hittites: middle chronology

17th Dynasty at No-amon-rivals

1570-1551 Ahmose I

1650-1542 Dynasty XV (continued)

Kamose weakened the Hyksos' hold and captures Avaris ~1550

War in S. Canaan

The Israelites are growing their presence in Egypt, but it was also the beginning of their oppression.

Some place the birth of Moses around 1520

Middle Bronze II C (continued)

Turbulent era

~1595 King Mursilis of the Hittites from Anatolia; they withdrew back to their homeland after the fight.

1830-1530 Babylon I (continued)

(Assyria) Cappadocian Colonies (continued)

(Isin) Kassite Dynasty (continued)

early development of the Mitanni Kingdom in Northern Mesopotamia and Syria

(Larsa) Dynasty of the Sea Lands (continued)

Labarnas (continued)

1620-1590 Mursili I sacked Babylon around 1595. This ended the Amorite rule of Babylon

Mursili I was assassinated, and the kingdom faced chaos

The Hittites faced ongoing conflicts with the Hurrians and Assyrians

Chariot production and warfare

1504-1483 (Hatshepsut)

1507-1494 Thutmosis I

1494-1490 Thutmose II

1419-1386 Thutmosis IV

1386-1350 Amenhotep III

EGYPTIAN RULE

City list of Thutmose III, from relief on Temple of Amon at Karnak

Canaanite charioteer wounded by arrow; decoration on chariot of Thutmose IV

1321-1293 Horemheb

1293-1291 Rameses I

1291-1279 Seti I

1279-1212 Rameses II

PERIOD OF ISRAELITE SETTLEMENT

Stele of Seti I from Beth-shean

20TH DYNASTY

1200-1182 Syrian Interregnum

1182-1151 Ramesses III

PERIOD OF ISRAELITE SETTLEMENT

20TH DYNASTY

1070 21ST DYNASTY

KINGDOM OF ASSYRIA

1116-1078 Tiglath-pileser I

1010-970 David

970-930 Solomon

22ND DYNASTY

890-860 Osorkon II

900-877 Baasha

877-876 Elah

876 Zimri

876-869 Omri

869-850 Ahab (Elijah)

850-849 Ahaziah

849-843/2 Jehoram (Elisha)

843/2-815 Jehu

910-870 Asa

872-848 Jehoshaphat

Elijah

853-842 Jehoram

Elisha

1078-884 MINOR KINGDOMS

884-860 Ashurnasirpal II

859-824 Ashurnasirpal II

943-880 Ethbaal, King of Tyre

880-853 Ben-hadad I, King of Aram-Damascus

Ben-hadad II, King of Aram-Damascus

853 Battle of Qarqar

853-841 Mattan King of Tyre

886-885 Elah, Zimri, Tibni

880-874 Omri

874-853 Ahab

853-852 Ahaziah

852-841 Joram

Osorkon I ca. 914-874

22ND DYNASTY

Amaziah 800-783

835-796 Jehoash

Amos

792-767 Amaziah

792-740 Uzziah

Hosea

758-732 Jotham

The Great Earthquake (Amos)

814-798 Jehoahaz

793-782 Joash

782-753 Jeroboam II

753-752 Zechariah, Shallum, Menahemm/Pekah

752-732 Pekah

841-796 Hazel, King of Aram-Damascus

796-740 Ben-hadad III

~289 Simon son of Onias High Priest

~280 Eleazar brother of Simon High Priest

283 Ptolemy I

283-246 Ptolemy II

264 Hannibal

264-241 First Punic War

First Punic War

Seleucus I 281

First Syrian War 276/272

Antiochus I 261

Second Syrian War 259/255

246-221 Ptolemy III

221-203 Ptolemy IV

235 Onias II son of Simon High Priest

218 Antiochus III in Palestine

217 Battle of Raphia

203 Simon the Just High Priest

ANTIGONIDS

229-221 Antigonus III

218-201 Second Punic War

246 Antiochus II

240 Third Syrian War

226 Seleucus II

223 Seleucus III

220-160 HELLENISTIC PERIOD

Antiochus III

404-341 Egyptian Revolt against Persia

28TH-30TH DYNASTIES

331 Conquered by Alexander

323-283 Ptolemy I

~350 Tennes' revolt against Artaxerxes III

WARS OF DIODACHI

332 Conquered by Alexander

315 Overrun by Antigonus

312 Overrun by Ptolemy I

301 Conquered by Ptolemy I

MACEEDONIAN RULE IN GREECE

359-336 Philip II

316 Antigonus defeats Eumenes

358-335 Artaxerxes III

335-323 Darius III

323 Death of Alexander

312 Seleucus of Babylon

301 Battle of Ipsus

404-341 Egyptian Revolt against Persia

28TH-30TH DYNASTIES

390 Sack of Rome by Gauls

359-336 Philip II

404-358 Artaxerxes II

358-335 Artaxerxes III

PERSIAN RULE

404-341 Egyptian Revolt against Persia

457-445 Ezra, Megabyzus' revolt

445 "Yehud" on seal impression

445-425 Nehemiah

461-431 Age of Pericles

429-404 Peloponnesian War

464-423 Artaxerxes I

423-404 Darius II

404-358 Artaxerxes II

Malachi

PERSIAN SATRAPIES

499-479 Persian Wars

490 Battle of Marathon

480 Battle of Thermopylae and Salamis

461-431 Age of Pericles

Greek runs 26 miles to report victory over Persia at the Battle of Marathon

470 Hippocrates born

470/469 Socrates born

522-486 Darius I

486-464 Xerxes I

570-526 Amasis II (Ahmose II)

526 Psamtik III

525-404 Persian conquest

538 Return to Zion

The Cyrus Cylinder

516 Temple built

Haggai

Zechariah

560-527 Pesistratos rules in Athens

550 Temple of Artemis, built in Ephesus

509 Roman Republic established

550-539 Nabonidus

539 Fall of Babylon

539-530 Cyrus: defeats Babylon and frees the exiles

530-522 Cambyses

522-486 Darius I

604-539 BABYLONIAN PROVINCE

539-300 PERSIAN SATRAPIES

610-595 Necho II

595-589 Psamtik II

598-570 Apries (Hophra)

570-526 Amasis II (Ahmose II)

594 Solon's Reforms

560-527 Pesistratos rules in Athens

605-562 Nebuchadnezzar

612-550 KINGDOM OF BABYLON

664-610 Psamtik I

610-595 Necho II

697-643 Manasseh

643-640 Amon

Zephaniah

640-609 Josiah

Habakkuk

609 Jehoahaz

609-598 Jehoiakim

669-633 Asshurbanipal

625-612 Nabopolassar

612 Fall of Nineveh

605-562 Nebuchadnezzar

732-609 ASSYRIAN PROVINCE

609-604 Egyptian rule

604-539 BABYLONIAN PROVINCE

25th DYNASTY

701-690 Shebitku

690-671 Taharqa (Tirhakah)

671 Assyrian conquest

664-610 Psamtik I

716-687 Hezekiah

697-643 Manasseh

Phoenican and Greek colonization in the West

683 Kingship abolished in Athens

705-681 Sennacherib

681-669 Esarhaddon

669-633 Asshurbanipal

25TH DYNASTY

713-701 Shabaka

Isaiah

750-732 Jotham

Micah

735-716 Ahaz

716-687 Hezekiah

Height of Etruscan power

Phoenician and Greek colonization in West

745-727 Tiglath-pileser III

727-722 Shalmaneser V

722-705 SargonII

705-681 Sennacherib: says he trapped King Hezekiah "like a caged bird"

740-732 Rezin

732-609 ASSYRIAN PROVINCE

609-598 Jehoiakim

Jeremiah

598-586 Jehoiachin, Zedekiah

Obadiah

586 Destruction of the Temple

586-538 BABYLONIAN PROVINCE

Ezekiel

Deutero-Isaiah

722-629 ASSYRIAN PROVINCE

640-609 Josiah

609-604 Egyptian rule

604-539 BABYLONIAN PROVINCE

752-732 Pekah

742 Pekahiah

732-722 Hosea

722 Fall of Samaria

722-629 ASSYRIAN PROVINCE

Ahaziah 850-849

849-843/2 Jehoram (Elisha)

843/2-815 Jehu

853-842 Jehoram

Elisha

842-841 Ahaziah

841-835 Athaliah

835-796 Jehoash

873-849 Jehoshaphat

849-843 Jehoram

843/2 Ahaziah

842-837 Athaliah

837-800 Joash

Jonah

Amos

852-841 Joram

841-814 Jehu

814-798 Jehoahaz

KINGDOM OF ASSYRIA

811-783 Adad-nirari III

783-773 Shalmaneser IV

773-755 Ashur-dan III

755-745 Ashur-nirari V

KINGDOM OF ASSYRIA

859-824 Shaknabeser III

824-811 Shamshi-Adad V

811-783 Adad-nirari III

853-841 Mattan King of Tyre

841-796 Hazael, King of Aram-Damascus

21ST DYNASTY

960-946 Psusennes II

946 22ND DYNASTY

946-924 Shishak I

913-904 Osorkon I

930 Division of Monarchy

930-913 Rehoboam

913-910 Abijah

910-870 Asa

930 Division of Monarchy

930-910 Jeroboam son of Nabat

910-909 Nadab

976-943 Hiram I, King of Tyre

943-880 Ethbaal, King of Tyre

Hadadezer, King of Zobah

976-943 Hiram I, King of Tyre

21ST DYNASTY

1040-992 Psusennes I

Samuel

1025-1010 Saul

1010-970 David

20TH DYNASTY

1151-1070 Rameses IV to Rameses XI

MINOR KINGDOM

1116-1078 Tiglath-pileser I

KINGDOM OF ASSYRIA

PERIOD OF JUDGES

1174 Philistine Invasion

Sea Peoples taken prisoner by Ramses III

1279-1212 Rameses II

1212-1200 Merneptah: The first mention of Israel; the Egyptian king says, "Israel is laid waste."

PERIOD OF ISRAELITE SETTLEMENT

Pastoralists moving in

Hattusili III

1230 Tudhaliya IV

1386-1350 Amenhotep III

1349-1334 Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten)

1334-1325 Tutankhamun

1325-1321 Ay

1321-1293 Horemheb

Egypt cultivates apples by the Nile River

Weakening of Egyptian Rule (El-Amarna Period)

Strengthening of Egyptian Rule

NEW HITTITE KINGDOM

Mursilis II

Muwatalli

Tale of Aqhat

1490-1436 Thutmosis III invades what is now Israel

1450-1419 Amenhotep II

City list of Thutmose III, from relief on Temple of Amon at Karnak

Hebrews in Egypt

KASSITE DYNASTY IN BABYLON

1530 Babylonia is conquered by the Kassites, who rule the area for 400+ years.

(Assyria) Cappadocian Colonies (continued)

I Babylon (continued) Mursilis I

(Isin) Kassite Dyn. (continued)

(Larsa) Dyn. of the Sea Lands (continued)

Before ca. 2000 B.C.

First Generation

Before ca. 2000 B.C.

Noah

Flood

Age of the Patriarchs

Abraham

Age of the Patriarchs

Abraham

Age of the Patriarchs

Abraham

Age of the Patriarchs

Jacob and family escape drought, move to Egypt

Age of the Patriarchs

Esau sells birthright

Age of the Patriarchs

Famine

Age of the Patriarchs

Joseph dies

Sojourn

The Late Bronze Age

Slavery

The Late Bronze Age

The plagues on Egypt

1446 (Early Date) Exodus from Egypt (Some scholars support this date, and others support a later date: 1275)

Wilderness journey

Revelation of law takes place at the divine mountain

Conquest of the Promised Land under the leadership of Joshua

The Late Bronze Age

Judges

The Late Bronze Age

Judges

The Late Bronze Age

Judges

1275 Late date for The Exodus

The Late Bronze Age

Judges

Ca. 1200-900 B.C.

Judges

Ca. 1200-900 B.C.

Judges

Ca. 1200-900 B.C.

Samson fights the Philistines

Judges

Samuel

United Monarchy

Ca. 1200-900 B.C.

United Monarchy

Saul crowned as the first king of Israel

Ca. 1200-900 B.C.

United Monarchy

David

Solomon: finishes the first Jewish temple

Ca. 1200-900 B.C.

Divided Monarchy

Israel splits in two: Judah in south, Israel in north

Ahab

Elijah

Schism to Mid-Eighth Century

Divided Monarchy

Schism to Mid-Eighth Century

Divided Monarchy

Schism to Mid-Eighth Century

Isaiah

Ca. Mid-Eighth to Mid-Sixth Centuries

722 Assyrians exile northern Jewish nation of Israel

Ca. Mid-Eighth to Mid-Sixth Centuries

Ca. Mid-Eighth to Mid-Sixth Centuries

Ca. Mid-Eighth to Mid-Sixth Centuries

586 Babylonians level Jerusalem and temple, exile southern Jewish nation

538 Exiled Jews start returning to Israel

Sixth and Fifth Centuries

Daniel

Sixth and Fifth Centuries

Queen Esther of Persia stops an attempted holocaust

Sixth and Fifth Centuries

Greeks' soaring culture, under Myceneans (myths and legends, as recorded by Homer in the Iliad and Odyssey), plunges into 350-year dark age after Dorian tribes invade from the north.