Effects: People moved to cities for factory jobs, which led to overpopulated cities. This created a system with poorer people with poor working class conditions. Pollution also increased.

Inventions:

- Steam Engine

- Spinning Jenny

Effects: Fueled economic growth and colonialism, but also created deep class divides and social unrest.

Technology:

- Electric Generator

- Bessemer Process

Effects: The U.S. became a world leader in making goods. Cities grew quickly, but many workers, including immigrants, faced low pay and difficult jobs.

Technology:

- Transcontinental Railroad

- The Cotton Gin

Effects: This helped modernize the country, but workers helped cause the Russian Revolution.

Technology:

- Trans-Siberian Railway

- Locomotives

Effects: Japan went from an old fashioned society to a powerful modern country. Cities grew, and Japan became a military power.

Technology:

- Modern Silk Machinery

- Shipbuilding

Effects: The local economies were hurt, and the people became very dependent on their European rulers.

Raw Material:

- Raw Cotton

- Jute

- Opium

Effects: Egypt ended up just growing and selling cotton to Europe, which made its economy weak. The was in debt and later taken over by Britain.

Raw Material:

- Cotton

Effects: This led to the abuse of Africa's resources and harmed local businesses. New roads and railways helped Europeans take things, not help the locals.

Technology:

- Maxim Gun

- Palm Oil

Effects: The economy depended on what other countries would pay for their raw goods.

Raw Material:

- Copper

- Nitrates