Members: Afzal and gabriel

Members: Yashika,

Mei Xuan

Group members: Yap Zheng Xi,Benjamin

Members :⟪εmmα , zhiκαι , sταcε⟩⟩ ◕◡◕

Members:⋆｡°✩Rainelle, ✩Janice , ✩Zoey , Le Xuan

Members: Alyssa & Faith🥖

ʟᴇᴀᴅᴇʀ: ᴄʟᴀᴜᴅɪᴀ

ᴍᴇᴍʙᴇʀꜱ: ꜱʏᴠɪʟʟᴇ ᴀʟɪᴄɪᴀ ᴄʟᴀᴜᴅɪᴀ

2. Snakes and Ladders

3. Yoga

Members: Ayden junze

Group members: Adam&Xiu qi

2. Zero

3.ink

2.Gunpowder🔫

3.Silk🕸️

4.Bomb💣

5.Chopsticks🥢

Members: Tyler , Ryker

Members: weikang,Zahid,Zafran

Members: Aiden Neo

Eugene Koh

𝓂𝑒𝓂𝒷𝑒𝓇𝓈: 𝒥𝓊𝓈𝓉𝒾𝓃 𝒶𝓃𝒹 𝐿𝓊𝒸𝒾𝓊𝓈

2. Tea

3. Paper

2. Paper making

3. tea

2.gunpwder

3.compass

2. Paper

3.umbrella

2. Umbrella

3.movable printing

2. Gunpowder

3. Alcohol

Chinese alcohol predates recorded history. Dried residue extracted from 9,000-year-old pottery implies that early beers were already being consumed by the neolithic peoples in the area of modern China. Made from rice, honey, grapes, and hawthorn, it seems to have been produced similarly to that of Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt.^[1]

Within the Yellow River area which gave rise to the Chinese culture, numerous bronze vessels preserved from the later Shang dynasty(whose oracle bones contained the first surviving Chinese characters) include many which were apparently used to warm alcohol.

2. Alcohol

3. Silk

4.bombs

5.compass

Chinese monks discovered the technology in the 9th century CE, during their quest for a life-extending elixir.

and received praise for his ability. From this time, paper has been in use everywhere and is universally called the paper of Marquis Tshai

Member: Nurul

Chinese monks discovered the technology in the 9th century CE, during their quest for a life-extending elixir.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULgiJtKi8M0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZRbotD3sok

An iron grenade with a wooden fuse from 1580

The term bomb is not usually applied to explosive devices used for civilian purposes such as construction or mining, although the people using the devices may sometimes refer to them as a "bomb".

The Chinese civilization is one of the world's ancient calcinations, aged almost 5,000 years. Its first written records date back to IV millennia BC. The Chinese civilization originated in Hwang Ho and Yangtze river basins.

Accounts of early Indian diamond mining that reached Europe were often mixed with myths. Around 400 BCE, the Greek physician Ctesias published Indika, a compilation of travellers' tales about India (he himself had never been to India). He described incredibly rich diamond deposits guarded by griffins. Pliny the Elder, in his Natural History (79 CE), correctly described diamonds being washed from river gravel in India. The Arthashastra of Kautilya mentions diamond trade in India.[6] Buddhist works dating from the 4th century BCE describe the diamond as a well-known and precious stone but do not mention the details of diamond cutting.[7]

Medieval period (1200 to 1800 CE)

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Diamonds were reported from numerous places across India, but most of the diamond mining took place by placer mining in the drainages of the Pannar River and Krishna River in modern Andhra Pradesh state. Placer mining took place along the Krishna River for 300 km below Sangram. The most intensive mining was in a 60 km zone along the river, from the Kollur Mine to Paritala. This area was the source of many legendary gems, including the Koh-i-Noor, Nizam, Hope Diamond, Regent Diamond, Great Mogul Diamond, and the Orlov Diamond.[8]

India's unique status as a producer of diamonds continued to fascinate Europeans. Marco Polo travelled along the coast of India in 1292, and recorded tales he heard about diamonds being found in deep mountain valleys made nearly inaccessible by heat, lack of water, and venomous snakes.[9] The French traveller Jean Baptiste Tavernier visited the Krishna River diggings in 1665, and estimated that about 60,000 people were mining diamonds.

The town of Karwan, near the fortress city of Golkonda, now a suburb of Hyderabad, became the world's largest diamond-cutting and diamond-trading centre. Golconda was not close to diamond mines, but owed its status as a diamond centre to its location on a major trade route from the mines to the south and east. The diamonds became known as Golconda Diamonds, and in Europe, the word Golconda came to mean a place of great wealth.

India continued to be the world's leading source - and nearly the only source - of diamonds until diamonds were discovered in Brazil in 1726. At first, Brazilian diamonds were reputed to be inferior, and did not command as high a price as the Indian article. To obtain better prices, Portuguese traders began shipping Brazilian diamonds through Goa, and then to Europe to be sold as genuine Golconda diamonds. Indian diamond mining declined rapidly in the 1700s, due to a combination of exhaustion of known deposits and competition from Brazil.[5]

Diamond mining in the Panna region began around 1675 CE, during the rule of Chhatrasal, the Bundela ruler.[10] Diamond mining continues in the region.[11]

• Chinese monks discovered the technology in the 9th century CE, during their quest for a life-extending elixir. The key ingredient, saltpeter, had been in use by this same culture since the late centuries BCE for medicinal purposes. It was found to be incendiary and immediately applied to warfare.

• 
  

Writing ink and a quill

Ink can be a complex medium, composed of solvents, pigments, dyes, resins, lubricants, solubilizers, surfactants, particulate matter, fluorescents, and other materials. The components of inks serve many purposes; the ink's carrier, colorants, and other additives affect the flow and thickness of the ink and its dry appearance.

Contents

History

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Ink drawing of Ganesha under an umbrella (early 19th century). Ink, called masi, an admixture of several chemical components, has been used in India since at least the 4th century BC.[1] The practice of writing with ink and a sharp pointed needle was common in early South India.[2] Several Jain sutras in India were compiled in ink.[3]

Many ancient cultures around the world have independently discovered and formulated inks for the purposes of writing and drawing. The knowledge of the inks, their recipes and the techniques for their production comes from archaeological analysis or from written text itself. The earliest inks from all civilizations are believed to have been made with lampblack, a kind of soot, as this would have been easily collected as a by-product of fire.[4]

Ink was used in Ancient Egypt for writing and drawing on papyrus from at least the 26th century BC.[5] Egyptian red and black inks included iron and ocher as a pigment, in addition to phosphate, sulfate, chloride, and carboxylate ions; meanwhile, lead was used as a drier.[6]

Chinese inks may go back as far as[7] four millennia,[8] to the Chinese Neolithic Period. These used plants, animal, and mineral inks based on such materials as graphite that were ground with water and applied with ink brushes. Direct evidence for the earliest Chinese inks, similar to modern inksticks, is around 256 BC in the end of the Warring States period and produced from soot and animal glue.[9] The best inks for drawing or painting on paper or silk are produced from the resin of the pine tree. They must be between 50 and 100 years old. The Chinese inkstick is produced with a fish glue, whereas Japanese glue (膠 nikawa) is from cow or stag.[10]

India ink was invented in China,[11][12] though materials were often traded from India, hence the name.[11][12] The traditional Chinese method of making the ink was to grind a mixture of hide glue, carbon black, lampblack, and bone black pigment with a pestle and mortar, then pour it into a ceramic dish to dry.[11] To use the dry mixture, a wet brush would be applied until it reliquified.[11] The manufacture of India ink was well-established by the Cao Wei dynasty (220–265 AD).[13] Indian documents written in Kharosthi with ink have been unearthed in Xinjiang.[14] The practice of writing with ink and a sharp pointed needle was common in early South India.[2] Several Buddhist and Jain sutras in India were compiled in ink.[3]

Cephalopod ink, known as sepia, turns from dark blue-black to brown on drying, and was used as an ink in the Graeco-Roman period and subsequently. Black atramentum was also used in ancient Rome; in an article for The Christian Science Monitor, Sharon J. Huntington describes these other historical inks:

Oak galls and iron(II) sulfate

About 1,600 years ago, a popular ink recipe was created. The recipe was used for centuries. Iron salts, such as ferrous sulfate (made by treating iron with sulfuric acid), were mixed with tannin from gallnuts (they grow on trees) and a thickener. When first put to paper, this ink is bluish-black. Over time it fades to a dull brown.

Scribes in medieval Europe (about AD 800 to 1500) wrote principally on parchment or vellum. One 12th century ink recipe called for hawthorn branches to be cut in the spring and left to dry. Then the bark was pounded from the branches and soaked in water for eight days. The water was boiled until it thickened and turned black. Wine was added during boiling. The ink was poured into special bags and hung in the sun. Once dried, the mixture was mixed with wine and iron salt over a fire to make the final ink.[15]

• Why did ancient chinese people tea?

• They believed that tea reduced "heat" (see Chinese medicinal cuisine) and improved eyesight. To this day that white tea over 3 years still considered as a ideal antipyretics to young children with measles in North China. Chinese tea can also improve the function of the blood vessels and help with weight loss.

  
  

precursor to chess

Was a war game called chaturanga, a Sanskrit name for a battle formation mentioned in the Indian epic Mahabharata. Chaturanga was flourishing in northwestern India by the 7th century and is regarded as the earliest precursor of modern chess because it had two key features found in all later chess

The game is a simple race based on sheer luck, and it is popular with young children.The historic version had its roots in morality lessons, on which a player's progression up the board represented a life journey complicated by virtues (ladders) and vices (snakes). The game is also sold under other names such 🤬 as the morality-themed Chutes and Ladders which was published by the Milton Bradley Company starting from 1943.

Rama believes in ...

Rama shows <values> in his <actions>

<index no. <name> (state in the title of your post)

Rama believes in sita

Rama shows strong in his fight till he wins

An illustration of a fragmentation bomb from the 14th century Ming Dynasty text Huolongjing. The black dots represent iron pellets.

Fragmentation is produced by the acceleration of shattered pieces of bomb casing and adjacent physical objects. The use of fragmentation in bombs dates to the 14th century, and appears in the Ming Dynasty text Huolongjing. The fragmentation bombs were filled with iron pellets and pieces of broken porcelain. Once the bomb explodes, the resulting fragments are capable of piercing the skin and blinding enemy soldiers.^[15]

While conventionally viewed as small metal shards moving at super-supersonic and hypersonic speeds, fragmentation can occur in epic proportions and travel for extensive distances. When the SS Grandcampexploded in the Texas City Disaster on April 16, 1947, one fragment of that blast was a two-ton anchor which was hurled nearly two miles inland to embed itself in the parking lot of the Pan American refinery.

Shock waves produced by explosive events have two distinct components, the positive and negative wave. The positive wave shoves outward from the point of detonation, followed by the trailing vacuum space "sucking back" towards the point of origin as the shock bubble collapses. The greatest defense against shock injuries is distance from the source of shock.^[13] As a point of reference, the overpressure at the Oklahoma City bombingwas estimated in the range of 28 MPa.^[14]

🤩❤️🌟

into a long thread. The thread was so long that it stretched across the palace grounds from the garden to the courtyard. She instructed her ladies to gather more cocoons. they put the cocoons into hot water and made threads from the fibers. Empress Chi the wove the threads into a fine piece of cloth. She embroidered the cloth and made it into a robe for the emperor. this marked the beginning of the Chinese silk industry.

Rama shows respect in his action of not seizing the throne by force

Rama shows <values> in his <actions>

Rama shows <maturity> in his <work>

Rama shows <values> in his <actions>

It is often called "oh" in the context of reading out a string of digits, such as telephone numbers, street addresses, credit card numbers, military time, or years. For example, the area code 201 may be pronounced "two oh one", and the year 1907 is often pronounced "nineteen oh seven". The presence of other digits, indicating that the string contains only numbers, avoids confusion with the letter O. For this reason, systems that include strings with both letters and numbers (such as Canadian postal codes) may exclude the use of the letter O.^{[citation needed]}

Slang words for zero include "zip", "zilch", "nada", and "scratch".^[7] In the context of sports, "nil" is sometimes used, especially in British English. Several sports have specific words for a score of zero, such as "love" in tennis – from French l'œuf, "the egg" – and "duck" in cricket, a shortening of "duck's egg". "Goose egg" is another general slang term used for zero.^[7]

History

Ancient Near East

nfr
 heart with trachea
beautiful, pleasant, good

Ancient Egyptian numerals were of base 10.^[8] They used hieroglyphs for the digits and were not positional. In one papyrus written around 1770 BC, a scribe recorded daily incomes and expenditures for the pharaoh's court, using the nfr hieroglyph to indicate cases where the amount of a foodstuff received was exactly equal to the amount disbursed. Egyptologist Alan Gardiner suggested that the nfr hieroglyph was being used as a symbol for zero. The same symbol was also used to indicate the base level in drawings of tombs and pyramids, and distances were measured relative to the base line as being above or below this line.^[9]

By the middle of the 2nd millennium BC, Babylonian mathematics had a sophisticated base 60 positional numeral system. The lack of a positional value (or zero) was indicated by a space between sexagesimal numerals. In a tablet unearthed at Kish (dating to as early as 700 BC), the scribe used three hooks as a placeholder in the same Babylonian system.By 300 BC, a punctuation symbol (two slanted wedges) was repurposed as a placeholder.^[11][12]

The Babylonian positional numeral system differed from the later Hindu–Arabic system in that it did not explicitly specify the magnitude of the leading sexagesimal digit, so that for example the lone digit 1 () might represent any of 1, 60, 3600 = 60², etc., similar to the significand of a floating-point number but without an explicit exponent, and so only distinguished implicitly from context. The zero-like placeholder mark was only ever used in between digits, but never alone or at the end of a number.

2) Chinese Tea

3) Paper Making

Rama shows <power when he fights and win> in his <time and power he saved his wife from a bad guy. >

Rama shows perserverance in his actions

Rama shows that he is strong and will not give up until he win the fight

Rama shows care in his actions

Rama shows that he is strong until he finishes the fight

Rama shows care in his actions

Rama shows Respect Towards Parents and Elders in his ways of saving people

Rama shows self discipline by giving up the palace to his father l

Rama shows in his 14 years in the forest managing to survive a whole 14 years in the forest even killing the demon king ravana

• The player with the white pieces makes the first move.

• Each player takes turns making one move at a time.

• Every Chess piece moves in a unique way.

• Rules of Checkmate and Draw.

Because Ancient China is such a broad term, it means it spans a lot of years. Typically, the history of China is broken down into three sections: Ancient China, Imperial China and Modern China.

Ancient China starts in 2070 BC and ends in 221 BC, Imperial China starts in 221 BC and ends in 1912 AD, and Modern China takes us from 1912 to the present day.

In this collection of resources, we examine in detail the myriads of routes that connected the ancient empires and the Chinese goods that were most esteemed, from jade masks to fine lacquerware. for example, tea.By the Tang Dynasty (618-907 CE), tea had spread beyond the monasteries and become a popular drink with the gentry who were the only people who could afford such an expensive drink. Tea became an important element of the economy, with large estates in southeast China cultivating the plant and providing the government with valuable tax revenue on its sale.

Iron is always the main element in steel, but many other elements may be present or added. Stainless steels, which are resistant to corrosion and oxidation, typically need an additional 11% chromium.

Ethanol and water are the main components of most alcoholic beverages, although in some very sweet liqueurs the sugar content can be higher than the ethanol content.

Now, alcohol is used as a topical agent to prevent skin infections, in pharmaceutical preparations some examples are rubbing compounds, lotions, tonics, colognes, cosmetics, and in perfumes