• A group of words that contains a subject and a verb

• Makes sense on its own as a sentence

• E.g : Jane ate pasta , Sam went to the park

• A group of words that contains a subject and a verb

• Doesn't make sense on its own as a sentence

• E.g : because she was hungry , after he finished school

Consist of :-

• subject ( what the clause is about )

• predicate ( a group of words that assign a property to the subject )

2 types :-

• Finite

I said ( that Mary signed my book ) something that happened in the past

• Non - finite

  I want ( Mary to sign my book ) can't assign any time to it

@ case of the subject

-Nominative {he/she/it} -Finite

I know he eats burger

-Accusative {him/her/its} Non-finite

I've never seen him eat burger

SUMMARY :

-Finite [ +- Past ][+-Future]

-Non-finite [No features]

Clauses - group of words with a verb. A clause is a part of a sentence

He got a present( main clause),because he was lonely ( subordinate clause)

Subordinate clause

• Adds something extra to the main clause / dependent clause

• Often starts with subordinating conjunction :

  because /although/while/if/since/before

• subordinate clause that modifies a noun/pronoun

• tells what kind / which one and generally follows the word

  
  

  Essential : contains information necessary to the sentence's meaning

• not set off by commas

• e.g : The violoncello is the only instrument ( that I can play well )

  Nonessential : Contains information that can be omitted w/o affecting the basic sentence meaning

• set off by commas

• e.g : Lionel, (who can play many instruments) , taught me how to play the violoncello

Relative Pronouns

• Usually introduced by by a relative pronoun (who/whom/whose/which/that)

• e.g : Anthony Wallace is an educator ( who is most often remembered as a musician) , She is the person ( whom I trust most )

• 
  

-subordinate clause that is used as a noun

-may be used as a subject, a predicate nominative , a direct object, an indirect objection object of a preposition

Subject e.g : What I need is my room

Predicate nominative e.g : The happiest time in my life was when we went to Jamaica for summer .

Direct object e.g : She believes that lost time is never found again

Indirect object : We will give whoever wins the contest a prize

Object of preposition : He has given a speech about how he was elected to the Senate

-tells how , when, where,why ,to what extent, under what condition

E.g :

1 ) Danna sounds as if she has caught a cold

2) Before he left, he washed the dishes

-An adverb clause is introduced by a subordinating conjunction

*some of the words that introduce adverb clauses may also intro,adj clause& noun clause

E.g :-

Adj clause : The day when we got our puppy was on Friday

Noun clause : Does Zayne remember when we got our puppy ?

Adverb clause : Our older dog sulked a little when we got our puppy