Mix together the salad ingredients.

To assemble, spread one quarter of the beef over the bottom half of a piece of injera bread. Top with a quarter of the salad and two slices of paneer. Fold over the bread to enclose the filling. Cook in a sandwich press until toasted and golden. Repeat with the remaining fillings and bread. Cut into wedges and serve.

 

• Injera bread is a traditional Ethiopian sourdough risen flatbread made using teff flour. It can be purchased from specialty food stores, or you can make your own.

 Many factors come into play in a region like Sudan, in which religion, status, climate and way of life all affect how one dresses.

Though the dung beetle is ugly, to his mother he is as lovely and beautiful as pearls beads strung together on a thread. This proverb implies that parental love can be blind. There is a short folktale called The Mouse and the Beetle relating to this proverb.

It once happened that a mouse married a beetle. One day when the beetle went down to the river to wash her shamla (a rag of wool or goat hair used by Sudanese women to cover their bodies when having a smoke bath), a strong habuub suddenly blew and swept away the shamla, together with the beetle who was clinging on to it tightly. The gust of wind threw the beetle on an island in the river, leaving her feeling shocked and bewildered. By coincidence, a boy from the house where the mouse and the beetle had their hole was passing near the shore. When the beetle saw him, she called out in her loudest voice:

‘Hey you! Young, long-necked man, tell the tale! Tell him, my master of the long tail that the finest lady has fallen into tragedy.’ Upon hearing the voice, the youth turned left and right but could not see who was making the sound. He returned home and informed his mother that he had heard a cry coming from the island that said: ‘Hey you! Young, long-necked man, tell the tale! Tell him, my master of the long tail that the finest lady has fallen into tragedy.’

The mouse, who happened to be peeping through the opening of its hole, heard their conversation, and felt a rising sense of disapproval that his mistress had turned them into objects of ridicule amongst the worthy and the unworthy, and that she was now the subject of gossip. So he rushed to the river, swam to the island and returned with his wife on his back. When they were very close to their house, the beetle saw her children sitting near each other and she proudly said to her husband:

‘Look how beautiful our children are. They are pearls put together on a string.‘

The mouse laughed and lifted up his chest in a bragging manner. ‘maasha! Allah! As God has willed it. Actually this is how the angel’s children look like!’

Servings
3cups

For people in the north who are herders, family status still depends on the size of the herd. In settled villages, certain families hold the rights to own land. In the past, colonial governments sometimes gave powerful positions to certain families. These family groups have gradually become part of the modern political system, but traditional ideas about power and status endure. 
Most Sudanese families hold strong traditional values in a rapidly changing world. Whether in rural or urban society, the woman's world has been largely domestic and the man's world public. From everyday meals to formal socializing, such as a wedding feast, men and women are segregated. Men and women lead far less separate lives in the south. It is difficult to say how years of war, famine and migration have changed families in Sudan. Some rural Sudanese have recently moved to cities, where family and ethnic groups mix at school and work. Upper-class families living in big cities like Khartoum and Omdurman tend to be closely connected to the government, business and the professions.

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