ARA 102 F20 - Muslim Spain Keywords - Group 7 by Malak El-Farra https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q en-us 2020-11-02 14:13:12 UTC 2025-10-31 13:10:52 UTC hello@padlet.com g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882362904 A peninsula in the southwest corner of Europe, defining the westernmost edge of Eurasia. It is principally divided between Spain and Portugal.comprising most of their territory, as well as a small area of Southern France, Andorra and the British overseas territory of Gibraltar.]]> 2020-11-02 14:16:54 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882362904 g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882365814 Compulsory converts to Christianity who practiced Islam as crypto-Muslims in marginalized communities under the scrutiny of the Inquisition]]> 2020-11-02 14:17:32 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882365814 11/01/2020 g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882374658 Malak El-Farra - G00087712
Hassan Abdallah- B00079912
Ali Al-saqqaf - B00090297
Fatima Alraesi - G00083746
Mohammed Abdulaal - B00089523]]> 2020-11-02 14:19:39 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882374658 g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882453008 Muslim subjects of newly created Christian states who continued the practice of Islam under various levels of restrictions and protections granted by their new Christian monarchs]]> 2020-11-02 14:37:17 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882453008 g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882464015 The kingdom of Castile defeated the kingdom of Grenada, the last autonomous Islamic state, in 1492]]> 2020-11-02 14:39:51 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882464015 Muhammad XII b00079912 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882471610 known as Boabdil (a Spanish interpretation of the name Abu Abdullah), was the twenty-second and last Nasrid ruler of the Emirate of Granada in al-Andalus.]]> 2020-11-02 14:41:34 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882471610 g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882478725 North African tribe that aided The southern section of Iberia which was divided into numerous independent Muslim kingdoms which were often fighting against one another because they were an Islamic Berber dynasty that established an empire in Morocco and eventually took it over a wide region of Northwest Africa including modern Morocco, Western Sahara, Mauritania, and part of Algeria]]> 2020-11-02 14:43:10 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882478725 b00079912 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882488277 Granada is a city in southern Spain’s Andalusia region, in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountains. The long-time capital of Moorish Andalusia.]]> 2020-11-02 14:45:20 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882488277 Alpujarras Revolt b00079912 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882496868 The rebellion of the Alpujarras of 1568–71, sometimes called the War of the Alpujarras or the Morisco Revolt, was the second such revolt against the Castilian Crown in the mountainous Alpujarra region.
 The Alpujarras revolt became a convenient pretext used immediately by the Catholic monarchs to revoke the initial terms of the Capitulations of Granada with new restrictive dispensations that very soon would alter the lives of Mudejar subjects in all other regions and eventually served to eliminate Islam from the Iberian peninsula. ]]> 2020-11-02 14:47:17 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882496868 b00079912 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882514698 A large autonomous region of hills, rivers and farmland bordering Spain’s southern coast. It was under Moorish rule from the 8th-15th centuries, a legacy that shows in its architecture. The territory is divided into eight provinces: Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Seville, including such landmarks as the Alcázar castle in Seville, the capital city, as well as Córdoba’s Mezquita Mosque-Cathedral and Granada’s Alhambra palace.]]> 2020-11-02 14:51:13 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882514698 b00079912 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882520966 The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition, commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition, was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. Was used to Tribunal under the election of the Spanish monarchy, for upholding religious orthodoxy in their realm.]]> 2020-11-02 14:52:43 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882520966 b00079912 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882526925 The last Muslim dynasty in the Iberian Peninsula, ruling the Emirate of Granada from 1230 until 1492. The Nasrid dynasty rose to power after the defeat of the Almohad Caliphate in 1212 at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa.]]> 2020-11-02 14:53:55 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882526925 the term “Mudejar” b00090297 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882534814 “Mudejar” stems from the Arabic triconsonantal root d-j-n, which at
the basic semantic level denotes to remain, to stay, to get used to something, to be become habituated or accustomed. 
]]> 2020-11-02 14:55:45 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882534814 g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882547179 North African tribe]]> 2020-11-02 14:58:43 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882547179 g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882554297 The last autonomous Islamic state in Islamic Spain]]> 2020-11-02 15:00:22 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882554297 11/03/2020 g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882557229 Malak El-Farra - G00087712
Hassan Abdallah - B00079912
Ali Al-saqqaf - B00090297
Fatima Alraesi - G00083746
Mohammed Abdulaal -b00089523]]> 2020-11-02 15:01:04 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882557229 g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882567753 Valencia had become, under Almoravid and Almohad rule, an important Muslim capital]]> 2020-11-02 15:03:29 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882567753 g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882570906 The eastern portion of Islamic Spain, which once
comprised most of the Mediterranean coastal lands, the Balearic Islands,
and several neighboring interior regions, had by the close of the twelfth century been pushed south of Tortosa after Alfonso I took Zaragoza in 1118 and created the kingdom of Aragon.]]> 2020-11-02 15:04:09 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882570906 g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882575185 Its thriving economy and cultural Islamic life, had made it an ideal destination for many Spanish Muslims who needed to relocate as one land after another fell to Christian control]]> 2020-11-02 15:05:05 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882575185 g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882579032 It became a welcoming region for North African Muslim migrants and
merchants, who encountered no problems of adaptation in a city whose large population had maintained Arabic as the main language of interaction in daily life]]> 2020-11-02 15:05:57 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882579032 g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882581934 Its flourishing economy, based on innovative agricultural practices and its profitable strategic position, also made it an attractive objective in the plans of expansion of Jaime I the Conqueror, new king of Aragon.]]> 2020-11-02 15:06:36 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882581934 Muhammad I g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882603452 - The founder of the Nasrid dynasty, who started the construction of the Alhambra Palace over the site of an old fort strategically situated atop the city of Granada.
- Muhammad I had even
cooperated in Fernando III’s conquests in exchange for guarantees to preserve Granada as the one pillar left in the crumbling building of Spanish Islam.
- Muhammad I’s negotiations had led to the surrender in 1246 of the city of Jaén to Castile in exchange for a 20-year truce]]> 2020-11-02 15:11:17 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882603452 Muhammad V g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882629860 Without real political or military power, Muhammad V of Granada (1354-1391) maintained a long period of relative peace by
means of evolving diplomatic maneuvers in support of the most
advantageous Christian candidate]]> 2020-11-02 15:17:19 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882629860 Yusuf I g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882633722 Yusuf I and his son Muhammad V
were responsible for the construction of the magnificent Alhambra Palace.]]> 2020-11-02 15:18:08 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882633722 Ibn Al-Khatib g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882650101 - The historian, poet, philosopher, physician, and several times vizier of the court of Muhammad V
- the last important scholar and scientist in the history of al-Andalus]]> 2020-11-02 15:21:38 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/882650101 g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/883032350 The Nasrid dynasty, although plagued by numerous and violent internal feuds, ruled with competent diplomatic leaders until the early fifteenth century and developed its thriving economy in a Muslim society graced with rich artistic and intellectual life]]> 2020-11-02 16:45:55 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/883032350 g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/883875352 They were forced to live in segregated suburbs away from Christian communities , often outside of the city]]> 2020-11-02 19:53:12 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/883875352 g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/883880714 The penalty to pay for a crime against a Muslim was much lower than in the case of a Christian victim]]> 2020-11-02 19:54:39 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/883880714 g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/883888802 The Mudejars were often coerced to the preaching of Christian clerics and to share in various Christian obligations]]> 2020-11-02 19:56:57 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/883888802 g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/883894628 They were forced to pay burdensome taxes to both the king and the individual nobles whom they worked for]]> 2020-11-02 19:58:33 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/883894628 The Fall of Granada g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/883904636  In the fifteenth century, several factors had also contributed to Granada’s decline ]]> 2020-11-02 20:01:14 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/883904636 Factors Included: g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/883906739 -  The Christian kingdoms of the peninsula finally managed to solve their mutual and internal conflicts and were free to focus on the Muslim kingdom 
-  the 1469 marriage of Isabel of Castile and Fernando of Aragon  with the subsequent union of their kingdoms 
-  Granada itself, with the end of Marinid hegemony in North Africa, had lost its single source of military support. 
-  the tribute paid to Castile had risen to three times beyond the sum paid by Christian territories, which resulted in widespread internal discontent among its Muslim inhabitants. As a consequence, numerous rival factions contended over opposing ways to deal with Castile until king Mulay-Hasan decided in 1481 to stop paying the city’s tribute to Castile. Castile responded by taking the city of Antequera and followed with an attack on Granada proper in 1482. 

]]> 2020-11-02 20:01:51 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/883906739 Plaza de Bibarrambla. g00087712 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/883924749 After the imprisonment and brutal punishment of numerous Muslims, their leaders were forced to hand over more than 5,000 religious Arabic texts, which were publicly destroyed in a bonfire at the Plaza de Bibarrambla. ]]> 2020-11-02 20:07:09 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/883924749 b00089523 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/884969357 Mudéjar was originally the term used for Moors or Muslims of Al-Andalus who remained in Iberia after the Christian Reconquista but were not initially forcibly converted to Christianity or exiled. The word Mudéjar references several historical interpretations and cultural borrowings]]> 2020-11-03 04:50:50 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/884969357 b00089523 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/884975087 The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, known in Arab history as the Battle of Al-Uqab (Arabic: معركة العقاب‎), took place on 16 July 1212 and was an important turning point in the Reconquista and in the medieval history of Spain.[7] The Christian forces of King Alfonso VIII of Castile were joined by the armies of his rivals,]]> 2020-11-03 04:53:50 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/884975087 b00089523 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/884977089 2020-11-03 04:54:50 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/884977089 Philip II b00079912 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/900050399 Philip II was King of Spain, King of Portugal, King of Naples and Sicily, and jure uxoris King of England and Ireland. He was also Duke of Milan. From 1555 he was also lord of the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands.]]> 2020-11-07 14:40:14 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/900050399 Francisco Núñez Muley b00079912 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/900053775 was a personage of high society in Christian Granada after the conquest and one of the leaders of the Moorish community in the old kingdom. It is known above all for its Memorial in defense of the Moorish identity signs.]]> 2020-11-07 14:43:30 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/900053775 Morisco Fernando de Valor b00079912 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/900055294 (also known by his arabic name Bani Umayya) was an Andalusian leader who commanded the Morisco Revolt against Philip II of Spain in the Alpujarras region, near Granada.]]> 2020-11-07 14:44:57 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/900055294 Juan de Austria b00079912 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/900057678 was an illegitimate son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. He became a military leader in the service of his half-brother, King Philip II of Spain, and is best known for his role as the admiral of the Holy Alliance fleet at the Battle of Lepanto.]]> 2020-11-07 14:47:08 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/900057678 b00079912 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/900059799  Philip II’s new Royal Decree of 1567 curtailed their freedoms further with a clear intention to wipe out the last traces of crypto-Islamic practices. ]]> 2020-11-07 14:49:27 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/900059799 b00079912 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/900061217  1572 after the war in Granada.17 Some of those ‘granadinos’, such as the group who joined the large and thriving Islamic community of the town of Hornachos, which was entirely inhabited by Moriscos, eventually arranged an exceptional mass departure to North Africa ]]> 2020-11-07 14:50:40 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/900061217 b00079912 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/900063879  Philip II, now king of the entire Iberian Peninsula, initiated new discussions about the “Morisco problem” in 1581 ]]> 2020-11-07 14:53:05 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/900063879 11/8/2020 b00079912 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/900064101 Malak El-Farra - G00087712
Hassan Abdallah- B00079912
Ali Al-saqqaf - B00090297
Fatima Alraesi - G00083746
Mohammed Abdulaal -b00089523]]> 2020-11-07 14:53:19 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/900064101 b00079912 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/906113803  the number of Inquisitorial trials against the Morisco population, which had reached its highest points in Granada after the 1568 revolt with 82.1% of cases against them, spiraled throughout the peninsula during the last two decades of the sixteenth century. ]]> 2020-11-09 20:50:19 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/906113803 11/10/2020 b00079912 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/906114516 Malak El-Farra - G00087712
Hassan Abdallah- B00079912
Ali Al-saqqaf - B00090297
Fatima Alraesi - G00083746
Mohammed Abdulaal -b00089523]]> 2020-11-09 20:50:32 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/906114516 Philip III b00079912 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/906117405 Philip III was King of Spain. He was also, as Philip II, King of Portugal, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia and Duke of Milan from 1598 until his death in 1621.]]> 2020-11-09 20:51:27 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/906117405 James I b00079912 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/906125356 was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625.]]> 2020-11-09 20:53:48 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/906125356 b00079912 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/906134162 The political crime of lesae maiestatis, or treason, was finally chosen by the Spanish crown as the legal justification behind the upcoming edict of expulsion. Due to their refusal to renounce Muslim rituals were presented as a dangerous and unacceptable behavior ]]> 2020-11-09 20:56:37 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/906134162 b00079912 https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/906140444 It is calculated that more than 120,000 Moriscos (one-third of the population) departed from Valencian harbors, leaving behind about 3,000 children.]]> 2020-11-09 20:58:36 UTC https://padlet.com/g00087712/c1puk7n92z11a60q/wish/906140444