Geology: The ground stays completely frozen because of the high latitudes.
Climate: 0°C for six to 10 months of the year.
Temperature: Average is -30 to 20 degrees Fahrenheit (-34 to -6 degrees Celsius)

Rainfall: Approximately 15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches) of precipitation yearly, including both snowfall and rainfall.
Seasonality: Cold, desert-like conditions. Growing season ranges from 50 to 60 days.
Wind: High levels of wind, at a speed that can reach 48-97 km/h. 

Ecological Role: Unlike caribou and musk oxen, arctic hares are very messy eaters and will completely uproot the plants they eat. As a result, they play an important role in dispersing seed and encouraging vegetation growth. While arctic hares favorite food are creeping willows, they will also eat other plants such as mosses, lichens, and sedges which means the interspecific interaction it displays is herbivory. Since other primary consumers such as lemmings, musk oxen, and caribou also eat those same plants, artic hares also display competition. Arctic hares are also an important food source for arctic foxes, arctic wolves and snowy owls. They are also hosts to parasites such as protozoans, nematodes, lice, and fleas.

Ecological Role: The giant spearmoss plays an important ecological role for primary consumers because as previously mentioned, the vegetation in the Arctic Tundra is very scarce so the giant spearmoss is a very important food source for animals such as musk oxen, caribou, lemmings, and arctic hares.  The giant spearmoss is a seedless non-vascular plant (byrophyte) so even though it does not have true roots it has root like structures called rhizoids that help anchor it to the soil. Together with lichens, the giant spearmoss can create a biological soil carpet which protects the land it covers from erosion, in particular form the harsh winds found in the Arctic Tundra. Since soil is scarce, the few plants that grow in the tundra, such as cottongrass and creeping willows, compete with the giant spearmoss for space in the soil to grow. It is because of this that the interspecific interaction the giant spearmoss displays can best be described by competition.