Emily's Writing Lab by Emily Xiang

A Typical Response To Fear

xiangtianjie14n — 2018-11-02 03:45:46 UTC

Thesis Statement : A typical response to fear is Schizophrenia, which causes violence, poor quality of lives and social anxiety.

Schizophrenia : It is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal behavior and a decreased ability to understand reality. Common symptoms include false beliefs, unclear or confused thinking, hearing voices that others do not, reduced social engagement and emotional expression, and a lack of motivation.People with schizophrenia often have additional mental health problems such as anxiety, depressive, or substance-use disorders.Symptoms typically come on gradually, begin in young adulthood, and in many cases never resolve. 【1】

Violence : Individuals with severe mental illness, including schizophrenia, are at a significantly greater risk of being victims of both violent and non-violent crime.Schizophrenia has been associated with a higher rate of violent acts, but most appear to be related to associated substance abuse.Rates of homicide linked to psychosis are similar to those linked to substance misuse, and parallel the overall rate in a region.What role schizophrenia has on violence independent of drug misuse is controversial, but certain aspects of individual histories or mental states may be factors. About 11% of people in prison for homicide have schizophrenia while 21% have mood disorders.Another study found about 8-10% of people with schizophrenia had committed a violent act in the past year compared to 2% of the general population.【2】

poor quality of lives : Estimates of unemployment in people with schizophrenia were 70-85%, where as in our schizophrenic only 29.8% were found to be unemployed. This can be explained by the fact that in developed countries jobs are more complicated than in less advance societies. It is also known that progress of schizophrenic patients is better in developing countries because of more handling of patients in families and in society and less institutionalization. Patients with schizophrenia have poor quality of life. On QOL measures, schizophrenic patients had lowest scores on the social relationship domain. Patients of chronic mental illness dislike the stigma of mental illness, which excludes them from social life. These patients are subject to many different kinds of formal and informal discrimination.【3】

Social anxiety : People who have schizophrenia may experience transient or self-limiting psychotic symptoms and the non-specific symptoms of social withdrawal, irritability, dysphoria,and clumsiness before the onset of the disease.Children who go on to develop schizophrenia may also demonstrate decreased intelligence, decreased motor development (reaching milestones such as walking slowly), isolated play preference, social anxiety, and poor school performance.【4】

Related research【5】

Link sort : 【1】【2】【4】are from the first link, 【3】【5】are from the second link.

The second link : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2738356/

The first link : ↘

Introduction

xiangtianjie14n — 2018-11-13 03:15:27 UTC

Fear is everywhere in people's lives. When a person is very scared about something, they will produce many different reaction, like escaping, screaming, crying, etc. But these reaction just are lesser consequences, too strong fear also can cause some overreaction, a typical response one is schizophrenia. "It is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal behavior and a decreased ability to understand reality. Symptoms typically in many cases never resolve."【1】Common symptoms include violence, poor quality of life and social anxiety, which bring a lot of troubles to themselves and society.

The First Body Paragraph

xiangtianjie14n — 2018-11-16 05:44:32 UTC

First of all, in every symptoms, the most serious situation is violence, because violence has a direct and fearful impact on people's own or every aspect of society. According to the research below, individuals with severe schizophrenia, are at a significantly greater risk of being victims of both violent and non-violent crime. "Schizophrenia has been associated with a higher rate of violent acts. About 11% of people in prison for homicide have schizophrenia while 21% have mood disorders. Another study found about 8 ~ 10% of people with schizophrenia had committed a violent act in the past year compared to 2% of the general population." 【2】 According to the information, you can know that one of the subsequent effects of schizophrenia is violence. "For instance, most studies show that violent crime is around 2-10 times more common among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia than compared populations (Fazel et al, 2009). Last October saw the publication of another study in this area, this time in the journal Psychological Medicine (Fleischman, 2014). The investigators identified hospitalization for schizophrenia using an Israeli case registry. These cases, numbering more than three thousand, were compared to an age- and gender- matched comparison group on their exposure of interest, which was having committed a violent crime. Information on this was gathered from police records, to which the case registry data was linked." 【3】However, in many criminal cases, the police reported that a lot of people do not realize the terrible and lasting meaning of schizophrenia. Many violent tendencies resulting from schizophrenia may not be out of the patient's own will, but because of the hallucinations, auditory hallucinations and other symptoms brought about by schizophrenia, the patient himself is very likely to be uncontrollable. Therefore, schizophrenia caused by extreme fear leads to inevitable violence in most cases, and does harm to the things around people who have schizophrenia.

The Second Body Paragraph

xiangtianjie14n — 2018-11-26 07:59:09 UTC

Secondly, according to the result of a survey, most of people who have schizophrenia have low status, they tend not to be respected by other ordinary people, so they get poor quality of lives, such as less job opportunities. More than that, they are more likely to face unequal treatment at work. In developed countries jobs are more complicated than in less advanced societies. According to The Role of Recognition in Vocational Functioning in Schizophrenia written by McGurk S and Meltzer HY in 2000, there are 29.8% people with schizophrenia were found to be unemployed.【4】"It is also known that progress of schizophrenic patients is better in developing countries because of more handling of patients in families and in society and less institutionalization. Patients with schizophrenia have poor quality of life. On QOL (Quality Of Life) measures, schizophrenic patients had lowest scores on the social relationship domain. Patients of chronic mental illness dislike the stigma of mental illness, which excludes them from social life. These patients are subject to many different kinds of formal and informal discrimination." 【5】So they often have the idea of self-mutilation or even suicide, which is due to the poor quality of life caused by mental illness, such as lack of stable income and good social relations. According to Life Expectancy and Cardiovascular Mortality in Persons With Schizophrenia (Current Opinion in Psychiatry) written by Laursen TM, Munk-Olsen T and Vestergaard in March, 2012, 18 ~ 20 years shorter life expectancy due to increases in suicide, heart and lifestyle disease.【6】Thus, schizophrenia caused by extreme fear leads to poor quality of life seriously, influencing their mental state, and probably caused great fear from society.

The Third Body Paragraph

xiangtianjie14n — 2018-11-26 08:28:15 UTC

Simultaneously, schizophrenia patients have social anxiety. This anxiety not only based on the fear and stress from society to patients, but also from patients to society. According to the documents recorded by WHO (World Health Organization) in September 2015 (from the original on 18 October 2016, retrieved 3 February 2016), these patients always have cognitive dysfunction, memory ability decline, false beliefs, confused thinking and other symptoms.【7】"People who have schizophrenia may experience transient or self-limiting psychotic symptoms and the non-specific symptoms of social withdrawal, irritability, dysphoria, and clumsiness. Children who have schizophrenia may also demonstrate decreased intelligence, decreased motor development (reaching milestones such as walking slowly), caused them to behave poorly in school, isolated play preference, and produced social anxiety."【8】And according to Ferri's Differential Diagnosis : A Practical Guide to the Differential Diagnosis of Symptoms, Signs, and Clinical Disorders (2nd ed.)Chapter S written by Ferri FF in 2010, children who grow up under these conditions cannot be properly integrated into society. They consciously isolate themselves from others in the outside world, shutting their hearts and minds like snails in their shells as a way of protecting themselves. Finally, it develops into autism.【9】 Forasmuch as the explanations of these reasons, schizophrenia caused by extreme fear leads to social anxiety, which will influence whole lives of those people.

Conclusion

xiangtianjie14n — 2018-11-26 11:20:30 UTC

At last, according to all the research reports, results of surveys and other information, you can know schizophrenia caused by extreme fear leads to three common symptoms, they are violence, poor quality of life and social anxiety. According to an Israeli case registry, these violent cases, numbering more than three thousand, whatever age or gender. On QOL measures, schizophrenic patients had lowest scores on the social relationship domain, their quality of lives are very poor. According to the documents recorded by WHO in September 2015, this kind of people always have cognitive dysfunction, memory ability decline, confused thinking and other symptoms, these lead to serious social anxiety. Therefore, aiming at the ubiquitous fear as well as the schizophrenia it causes, people must take steps.

Reference Page

xiangtianjie14n — 2018-12-08 09:48:14 UTC

【1】:

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed. pp. 101–05). Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013.

【2】:

Valença AM, de Moraes TM. Relationship between Homicide and Mental Disorders.Brazil : Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry， Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 28 Suppl 2: S62–8, 2006 (October).

[1]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17143446

[2]

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462006000600003&lng=pt&tlng=pt

【3】:

Fleischman. Statistics of Schizophrenia Hospitalization in Israel Case Register. Journal of Psychological Medicine, 2014.

【4】:

McGurk S, Meltzer HY. The Role of Cognition in Vocational Functioning in Schizophrenia, 2000.

[1]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11042435

【5】:

Ram Kumar Solanki, Paramjeet Singh, Aarti Midha, Karan Chugh. Schizophrenia : Impact on Quality of Life. India : Indian J Psychiatry, 2008.

[1]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2738356/#CIT11

[2]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2738356/table/T0004/

【6】:

Laursen TM, Munk-Olsen T, Vestergaard M. Life Expectancy and Cardiovascular Mortality in Persons with Schizophrenia（Current Opinion in Psychiatry）, 2012.

[1]

https://journals.lww.com/co-psychiatry/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2012&issue=03000&article=00004&type=abstract

[2]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22249081

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Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU), 2012 (November 21). Archived from the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2017.

[1]
https://www.sbu.se/en/publications/sbu-assesses/schizophrenia--pharmacological-treatments-patient-involvement-and-organization-of-care/

【7】:

WHO, 2015 (September). Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.

[1]

https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schizophrenia

【8】:

Amminger GP, Leicester S, Yung AR, Phillips LJ, Berger GE, Francey SM, Yuen HP, McGorry PD. Early-onset of Symptoms Predicts Conversion to Non-affective Psychosis in Ultra-high Risk Individuals (Schizophrenia Research), 2006 (May).

[1]

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920996406000880?via%3Dihub

[2]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16677803

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Parnas J, Jorgensen A. Pre-morbid Psychopathology in Schizophrenia Spectrum. Britain : The British Journal of Psychiatry, 1989 (November).

[1]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2611591

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Coyle J. The Neurochemistry of Schizophrenia (Chapter 54), 2006. Siegal GJ, et al. Basic Neurochemistry : Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects (7th ed. pp. 876–78). Burlington, MA: Elsevier Academic Press.

---------------------------------

Khandaker GM, Barnett JH, White IR, Jones PB. A Quantitative Meta-analysis of Population-based Studies of Premorbid Intelligence and Schizophrenia (Schizophrenia Research), 2011 (November).

[1]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3485562/

[2]

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920996411003227?via%3Dihub

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Welham J, Isohanni M, Jones P, McGrath J. The Antecedents of Schizophrenia : A Review of Birth Cohort Studies (Schizophrenia Bulletin). 2009 (May).

[1]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2669575/

[2]

https://academic.oup.com/schizophreniabulletin/article/35/3/603/1869652

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Dickson H, Laurens KR, Cullen AE, Hodgins S. Meta-analyses of Cognitive and Motor Function in Youth Aged 16 Years and Younger Who Subsequently Develop Schizophrenia (Psychological Medicine), 2012 (April). Archived from the original on 2 February 2017.

[1]

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51623569_Meta-analyses_of_cognitive_and_motor_function_in_youth_aged_16_years_and_younger_who_subsequently_develop_schizophrenia

[2]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21896236

【9】:

Ferri FF. Ferri's Differential Diagnosis : A Practical Guide to the Differential Diagnosis of Symptoms, Signs, and Clinical Disorders (2nd ed. p. Chapter S). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Mosby, 2010.