Read 4304 by B. B. https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd Semester Notes and Mnemonics. en-us 2021-05-05 17:54:49 UTC 2024-05-25 17:32:07 UTC hello@padlet.com Chapter 1 beccamaebachtel https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495080906
  • Language development refers to childrens emerging abilities to understand and use language.
  • Language systems:
    • Phonology (unit of a sound)
    • Morphology (smallest meaningful unit in a language)
    • Syntax
    • Semantics
      • Sentential
      • Lexical
      • (study of a word, phrase, or sentence meaning)
    • Pragmatics (social contexts)
      • Prag = Preg = Pregnant = Don't randomly ask a lady if she is pregnant!
  • 1. Orthography is the written system of spelling patterns and correspondences between speech and print (6).
    • Page 254.
  • 2. Diagraph
    • Di = Two
    • A pair of letters that make one sound.
    • Ex: PHone, elePHant, graPH
    • Page 11 and 129

    • ]]>     2021-05-05 17:56:13 UTC https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495080906     Letter Boxes // Chapter 2 beccamaebachtel https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495160841
  • Counting phonemes
  • If the "e" is silent, then it goes outside of the boxes.

    • Crying Baby = aaaaa
    • Test of Phoneme Identities
      • Verbal Test
      • Do NOT emphasize phonemes
    • Test Example: We'll see the moon soon.
      • Say: /s/ Do you hear /s/ in moon or soon?
      • Answer should be soon.
    • Emojis = global // universal language
    • Pseudoword test = testing vowels to decode word, really tests rules of spelling because students are not given context.
    (Notes from Lecture)
    ]]>     2021-05-05 18:13:25 UTC https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495160841     Phonology vs. Phonemic // Chapter 3 beccamaebachtel https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495177526  29. Phonological awareness is a broad skill that includes identifying individual parts such as rime, onset, words, and syllables.

    30. Phonemic awareness is the ability to hear, understand, and manipulate individual sounds. These are called phonemes in spoken language.

    31. Onset is the initial phonological unit of any word.
    Ex: C in C/at, or H in H/at

    32. Rime is the string of letters that follow the onset. Normally a vowel and consonants.
    Ex: /at/ in C/at/ or H/at/

    These are decoding skills.

    (Defined by Speech to Print Book and Reading Rockets)]]>     2021-05-05 18:17:11 UTC https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495177526     Morphology // Chapter 4-5 beccamaebachtel https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495228155 Morphos means "form or structure" in Greek. Eme means an element or a piece of something.

    33. Emergent Literacy: A term that is used to explain a child's knowledge of reading and writing skills before they learn how to read and write.

    • Experimenting with reading and learning that print has meaning.
    • Begins at PreK level.
    • After EL is when children pick up on alphabetic awareness.
    • Oral language, phonological awareness, print knowledge.
    • Learning oral to print connections:
      • Show them an apples and say "apple". As they get older, incorporate the written word.
    • Environmental print.
    • Syllable clapping, rhyming games, and songs.
    • Hears and repeats.
      • "Brown bear, brown bear"
    Stages:
    1. Prephonemic
    2. Semiphonemic
    3. Phonemic
    4. Transitional
    5. Standard
    34. Bound morphemes cannot stand alone with meaning.

    (Notes from lecture. Defined by Speech to Print Book.)
    ]]>     2021-05-05 18:28:19 UTC https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495228155     Learning Disabilites beccamaebachtel https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495253002 ADHD and Dyslexia are 504/IEP only, not considered a learning disability. IEP is a step above 504.

    Dyscalcula is the dyslexia of math.

    (Notes from Lecture)]]>     2021-05-05 18:34:01 UTC https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495253002     Stages beccamaebachtel https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495265094 Emergent Literacy (Stage 0)
    Children are developing phonemic awareness and letter recognition.
    Beginning readers phase.
    No grade level (PreK-K)

    Beginning Reading Lesson (Stage 1)
    Initial reading and decoding.

    Teaching Reading Sources
    Structure of English and Spanish.
    Different domains.
    Whys and hows.
    Lesson plans.

    (Notes from Lecture)]]>     2021-05-05 18:36:48 UTC https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495265094     Quantitative vs. Qualitative beccamaebachtel https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495279107 39. Quantitative
    • Focuses on numbers and values
    • Outcomes are about knowledge and comprehension
    • Define, classify, recall, and recognize
    • Measures variables
    • Statistical date analysis
    • Easily replicated
    40. Qualitative
    • Focuses on narratives
    • Why and How
    • Application, analysis, synthesis, evaluate
    • Seeks to explain and understand
    • Clusive evidence

    (The Report by Class Central)
    ]]>     2021-05-05 18:39:56 UTC https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495279107     Conjunctions and Clauses // Chapter 6 and 7 beccamaebachtel https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495312668 41. Independent clause - a group of words with a subject and predicate that can stand alone as a complete sentence.

    42. Dependent clause - a clause that CANNOT stand alone that must be attached to an independent clause.

    43. Subordinating conjunction - a connecting word that joins a dependent, subordinating clause to an independent clause.

    44. Prescriptive grammar - the attempts of grammarians to define, legislate, or dictate proper use of language in a culture, especially for published writing.
    Ex: Trying to dictate the right prescription for a sick patient.

    (Defined by Speech to Print Book)]]>     2021-05-05 18:47:48 UTC https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495312668     Chapter 1 Vocabulary beccamaebachtel https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495528977 3. Phoneme - a speech sound that combines with others in a language system to make words

    4. Morpheme - the smallest meaningful unit of language

    5. Semantics - a group of words that are treated as members of a category
    • Types of semantics: sentential and lexical

    6. Syntax - the rule system governing sentence formation; the study of sentence structure, including how phrases and clauses are combined to form sentences

    7. Pragmatics - the system of rules and conventions for using language and related gestures in social contexts; the study of that rule system

    8. Phoneme awareness - the conscious awareness that words are made up of segments of our own speech that are represented with letters in an alphabetic orthography

    9. Dyslexia - a developmental reading disorder whose primary symptoms are poor word recognition and spelling

    10. Hyperlexia - a developmental reading disorder characterized by good word recognition and poor language comprehension

    11. Grapheme - a letter or letter combination that spells a single phoneme, a grapheme could be one to four letters

    12. Automaticity - fluent performance without the conscious deployment of attention

    13. Alphabetic Principle - the idea or concept that letters and letter combinations represent phonemes in an orthography

    (Defined by Speech to Print Book)
    ]]>     2021-05-05 19:44:08 UTC https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495528977     Chapter 2 Vocabulary beccamaebachtel https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495606552 14. Phonetics - the study of linguistic speech sounds and how they are produced and perceived

    15. Metalinguistic - pertaining to an acquired awareness of language structure and function that allows one to reflect on and consciously manipulate the language

    16. Coarticulated - words or sounds spoken together so that separate segments are not easily detected

    17. Consonants - a phoneme that is not a vowel and is formed with obstruction of the flow of air with the teeth, lips, or tongue; also called a closed sound in some instructional programs
    • The English language has more than 40 consonants.

    18. Vowel - an open phoneme that is the nucleus of every syllable and is classified by tongue position and height, such as high/low or front/mid/back
    • The English language has 15 vowel phonemes.

    19. Obstruent - consonants that are produced with an obstruction of the air stream, including stops, fricatives, and affricates

    20. Voiced - a sound created with vibrating vocal chords

    21. Unvoiced - spoken with no vocal resonance

    22. Stops - a consonant speech sound that is articulated with greater loudness, duration, or pitch

    23. Continuants - speech sound that can be spoken uninterrupted until the speaker runs out of breath

    24. Fricatives - a class of speech sounds articulated with a hiss or friction

    25. Affricates - consonant phoneme articulated as a stop before a fricative, such as /ch/ or /j/

    26. Liquids - speech sound in which air is obstructed but not enough to cause friction

    27. Vowel-r / r-controlled - a vowel immediately followed by the consonant /r/

    28. Schwa - a nondistinct vowel found in unstressed syllables

    (Defined by Speech to Print Book)
    ]]>     2021-05-05 20:06:14 UTC https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495606552     Explicit Teaching // Chapter 8 beccamaebachtel https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495665620 I do, We do, You do

    Teacher explains concept concisely and directly with familiar instructional routines in place.

    48. Explicit teaching is brisk-paced, provide the time for students to verbalize sounds, words, and concepts, along with time to read aloud.

    49. Sight words - commonly used words that students are encouraged to memorize as a whole by sight, do not have to be sounded out or consciously decoded

    50. Chall's Six Stages of Reading Development
    • Stage 0: Prereading: Birth to Age 6.
    • Stage 1: Initial Reading and Decoding: Ages 6-7: Grades 1-2.
    • Stage 2: Confirmation and Fluency: Ages 7-8: Grades 2-3.
    • Stage 3: Reading for Learning the New: Ages 8-14: Grades 4-8.
    • Stage 4: Multiple Viewpoints: Ages 15-18: Grades 9-12.
    • Stage 5: Construction and Reconstruction: Ages 18+: College level and beyond.

    (Defined by Speech to Print Book)
    ]]>     2021-05-05 20:25:27 UTC https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495665620     Chall beccamaebachtel https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495683169 Chall's Stages PDF

    Stage 0: Child pretends to "read", retells stories, print own name, recognizes alphabet letters, recognizes signs, plays with books, pencils, and paper.

    Stage 1: Child learns the relation between letters and sounds, and between printed and spoken words. Sound out one syllable words.

    Stage 2: Fluency increases as students read familiar stories. Decoding elements are introduced along with sight words. Students learn how to pull meaning from text.

    Stage 3: Reading is used to learn new ideas and gain knowledge. It introduces experience and feelings, students learn what perspectives are and base their attitudes on them. 

    Stage 4: Introducing expository and narrative reading materials. The texts are complex with multiple view points.

    Stage 5: Reading is used for individual needs by integrating one's knowledge with that of others. ]]>     2021-05-05 20:31:25 UTC https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495683169     Fluency beccamaebachtel https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495726374 The three components are accuracy, rate, and prosody.

    51. Prosody: An element of fluency. Expressive reading composed of timing, phrasing, and intonation, allowing a reader to convey meaning to words. 
    • Pros is similar to props, which reminds me of theatre and acting with expressions and feelings.
    • Prosody = expression

    52. Fluency is the ability to read like you speak, you are reading with automatic word recognition. 
    • This can be built by reading a variety of genres and reading at or above the frustration level.

    Fluency Calculator

    (Defined by Speech to Print, Fluency Module, and Dictionary)
    ]]>     2021-05-05 20:46:57 UTC https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495726374     Chapter 4-5 Vocabulary beccamaebachtel https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495727658 35. Geoffrey Chaucer -  was an English poet and author. Widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages, he is best known for The Canterbury Tales. He has been called the "father of English literature", or, alternatively, the "father of English poetry" and the written language.

    36. Dipthong - vowels that have a glide and may feels as though they have two parts, especially the vowels /ou/ as in house and /oi/ as in oil

    37. Graphotactic - referring to patterns and rules of letter use in an orthography, knowledge of which may be implicit or explicitly learned

    38. Anglo-Saxon Vowels - a, e, i, o, u, y, ea, eo, ie, and ae

    (Defined by CLG, Speech to Print, and Wiki)]]>     2021-05-05 20:47:25 UTC https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495727658     Types of Reading beccamaebachtel https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495799387 45. Echo reading is a type of instruction in which students read text after teacher reads it aloud.
    • Helps students develop fluency, expression, and decoding skills.
    • Normally read in small chunks.

    46. Paired reading is a research based fluency strategy used with readers who lack fluency, students read aloud to each other.
    Partner high level readers with low level readers.

    47. Choral Reading is when a student, or a group of students reads a passage together, with or without a teacher.

    (Defined by Dictionary)
    ]]>     2021-05-05 21:14:33 UTC https://padlet.com/beccamaebachtel/c0bzxubqxfo12qwd/wish/1495799387