LIC. EN ORIENTACION EDUCATIVA Y PROFESIONAL

ASIGNATURA: DISEÑO Y ANALISIS DE ENTREVISTA

TEMA: LA ENTREVISTA

ESTUDIANTES:

GLASE PEÑA 4-771-1341

EDUARDO TAPIA 4-756-1676

PROFESORA:

JUANITA MURILLO

FECHA

21 DE OCTUBRE DE 2025.

Definition of the interview:The interview is a process of communication between two or more people, in which one of them (the interviewer) asks questions in order to obtain information, opinions or knowledge from the other person (the interviewee). It is a technique used in various fields such as journalism, personnel selection, academic research, among others.

Origin of the interview:The concept of interview has its roots in oral communication and social interaction, but formally began to be structured in the journalistic and labor field in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In journalism, the interview as a technique became popular in the written press to obtain statements from public figures or experts. In personnel selection, it emerged as a method to get to know the candidate better and evaluate their competencies.

1. Estructura: Las entrevistas suelen seguir una estructura predefinida, con preguntas preparadas de antemano, aunque también pueden ser espontáneas.

2. Objetivo: El propósito puede variar, desde obtener información para un artículo hasta evaluar a un candidato para un puesto de trabajo.

3. Participantes: Generalmente involucra a un entrevistador y un entrevistado, aunque pueden haber más personas presentes.

4. Ambiente: Puede ser en persona, por teléfono, o a través de plataformas digitales.

5. Tiempo: La duración puede variar desde unos minutos hasta varias horas, dependiendo del contexto y la profundidad requerida.

6. Dinámica: Puede ser una conversación unilateral, donde el entrevistador hace la mayoría de las preguntas, o bilateral, donde ambos participantes contribuyen activamente.

Structure: Interviews usually follow a predefined structure, with questions prepared in advance, although they can also be spontaneous. Objective: The purpose can vary, from obtaining information for an article to evaluating a candidate for a job. Participants: It usually involves an interviewer and an interviewee, although there may be more people present. Environment: It can be in person, by phone, or through digital platforms. Time: The duration can vary from a few minutes to several hours, depending on the context and the depth required. Dynamic: It can be a one-sided conversation, where the interviewer asks most of the questions, or bilateral, where both participants actively contribute.

• Tipos de Entrevistas: Existen varios tipos, como entrevistas periodísticas, entrevistas de trabajo, entrevistas clínicas y entrevistas de investigación. Cada tipo tiene sus propias características y objetivos específicos.

• Técnicas: Los entrevistadores pueden utilizar diversas técnicas, como preguntas abiertas, preguntas cerradas y preguntas de seguimiento, para extraer la información deseada.

• Preparación: La preparación es crucial. Los entrevistadores deben investigar al entrevistado y preparar preguntas relevantes, mientras que los entrevistados deben estar informados sobre el propósito de la entrevista y el tema a discutir.

• Impacto: Las entrevistas pueden tener un gran impacto, ya sea influyendo en la opinión pública, ayudando a tomar decisiones de contratación, o contribuyendo al avance del conocimiento en un campo específico.

Additional aspects: Types of Interviews: There are several types, such as journalistic interviews, job interviews, clinical interviews, and research interviews. Each type has its own specific characteristics and objectives. Techniques: Interviewers can use a variety of techniques, such as open-ended questions, closed-ended questions, and follow-up questions, to extract the desired information. Preparation: Preparation is crucial. Interviewers should research the interviewee and prepare relevant questions, while interviewees should be informed about the purpose of the interview and the topic to be discussed. Impact: Interviews can have a great impact, whether by influencing public opinion, helping to make hiring decisions, or contributing to the advancement of knowledge in a specific field.

Journalistic Interviews: Journalistic interviews are one of the most common and well-known forms of interview. Journalists use them to obtain first-hand information from public figures, experts or witnesses to events. These interviews can be published in newspapers, magazines, radio or television programs and digital platforms. A classic example is an interview with a politician about his or her foreign policy vision, where the journalist can ask incisive questions to explore the interviewee's motivations and strategies.

Job Interviews: Job interviews are crucial in the recruitment process. Candidates use interviews to assess whether a candidate is a good fit for a specific position. These interviews typically include questions about work experience, skills, and how the candidate would handle hypothetical situations. The types of job interviews can vary, from structured interviews with predefined questions to unstructured interviews that allow for a smoother conversation.

Clinical Interviews: Clinical interviews are used in the field of mental and psychological health. Mental health professionals, such as psychiatrists and psychologists, use interviews to diagnose and treat their patients. These interviews are deeply personal and require a high degree of empathy and listening skills. Questions can range from the patient's medical history to their current thoughts and feelings.

Research Interviews: Research interviews are essential tools in qualitative research. Researchers use interviews to explore complex topics and gain a deep understanding of participants' experiences and perceptions. These interviews can be semi-structured, allowing the interviewer to tailor the questions according to the interviewee's answers, or completely unstructured, allowing for a freer and more exploratory conversation.

• Preguntas Abiertas: Estas preguntas permiten al entrevistado expresar sus pensamientos y sentimientos de manera más detallada. Ejemplo: "¿Cómo se siente acerca de la situación actual?"

• Preguntas cerradas: Estas preguntas suelen tener respuestas sí/no o de opción múltiple. Ejemplo: "¿Ha trabajado antes en este campo?"

• Preguntas de seguimiento: Estas preguntas se utilizan para obtener más detalles sobre una respuesta anterior. Ejemplo: "¿Puede darme un ejemplo de eso?"

• Preguntas Proyectivas: Estas preguntas piden al entrevistado que imagine una situación hipotética. Ejemplo: "¿Cómo cree que manejaría una crisis en el trabajo?"

Interview techniques: Open-ended Questions: These questions allow the interviewee to express their thoughts and feelings in a more detailed manner. Example: "How do you feel about the current situation?" Closed-ended questions: These questions usually have yes/no or multiple choice answers. Example: "Have you worked in this field before?" Follow-up questions: These questions are used to get more details about a previous answer. Example: "Can you give me an example of that?" Projective Questions: These questions ask the interviewee to imagine a hypothetical situation. Example: "How do you think you would handle a crisis at work?"

• Para el Entrevistador: Investigar al entrevistado, preparar una lista de preguntas, y considerar el formato y la duración de la entrevista.

• Para el Entrevistado: Investigar sobre el entrevistador y el propósito de la entrevista, preparar respuestas a preguntas potenciales, y considerar cómo desea presentarse.

Impacto y Ética: Las entrevistas pueden tener un impacto significativo en la vida de las personas. Por ejemplo, una entrevista de trabajo exitosa puede llevar a una nueva carrera, mientras que una entrevista periodística puede influir en la percepción pública de una figura. Es importante que las entrevistas se realicen de manera ética, respetando la privacidad y los derechos de los entrevistados.

Interview Preparation: For the Interviewer: Research the interviewee, prepare a list of questions, and consider the format and duration of the interview. For the Interviewee: Research the interviewer and the purpose of the interview, prepare answers to potential questions, and consider how they wish to present themselves. Impact and Ethics: Interviews can have a significant impact on people's lives. For example, a successful job interview can lead to a new career, while a journalistic interview can influence the public perception of a figure. It is important that interviews are conducted ethically, respecting the privacy and rights of the interviewees.

Es un recurso clave en la recopilación de datos y en la construcción de conocimientos en diversos ámbitos.