https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57 Analysis on the star image of Muhammad Ali and how it evolved and transformed. en-us 2022-10-06 12:37:59 UTC 2022-11-11 13:45:31 UTC hello@padlet.com 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2329346442 Muhammad Ali was beginning his journey to becoming the Heavyweight Champion of the World. At the age of 18 Ali won his first professional boxing match. His bravado and self- promotion gave him the nickname of "Louisville lips".]]> 2022-10-06 13:15:46 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2329346442 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2329380268 On February 25th, 1964, Ali had a shot at the chance to become the Heavyweight Champion of the World. This fight was the first true platform to express his way with words; delivering his famous "Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee" speech before the fight. This portrayed how Ali had way with words that left him destined for the limelight on a global level.]]> 2022-10-06 13:33:47 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2329380268 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2329389403 Ali won the fight henceforth becoming the Heavyweight Champion of the World. ]]> 2022-10-06 13:38:40 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2329389403 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2329400654 In the post-fight interview Clay delivered his famous "I am the greatest" speech claiming that he "shook up the world". At this moment he shot to global fame. Clay was now a global superstar with no escape from the public eye.]]> 2022-10-06 13:44:30 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2329400654 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2329410256 -Confident
-Arrogant
-Poetic
-Articulate
-Eloquent
-Fearless
-Powerful
-Champion
-Authentic]]> 2022-10-06 13:49:17 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2329410256 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2374889343 After joining the nation of Islam in 1964 Clay changes his name to Muhammad Ali. Ali renounced his former name Cassius Clay Jr. as his "Slave name".]]> 2022-11-08 12:15:30 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2374889343 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2374905766 Known at this time as Cassius Clay Jr., Muhammad Ali was left seething at the theft of his bike in 1954. He reported the crime to the police claiming he would beat up the person who stole it. The policemen who he reported the crime to, recommended him to Fred Stoner, an African American boxing trainer, hoping that this would give Clay a way to channel his anger.]]> 2022-11-08 12:28:54 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2374905766 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2374915015 First signs of Muhammad Ali becoming an activist for the fight against racism. ]]> 2022-11-08 12:36:42 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2374915015 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2374919252 In 1964, months after his heavyweight title win Muhammad Ali married cocktail waitress, Sonji Roi. Although the marriage only lasted two years it allowed people to see there was another side to the Heavyweight Champion of the world and that he could also be a family man.]]> 2022-11-08 12:40:10 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2374919252 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2374936623 The marriage ended in divorce due to Ali's religious beliefs as a Muslim. Sonji did not want to conform to the ways of life of his religion therefore they became incompatible. ]]> 2022-11-08 12:53:12 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2374936623 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2374954690 On 28th April 1967, Ali, aged 25, arrived in Houston for his scheduled induction into the war. When hearing his name called out, he refused to step forward despite warnings from on officer warning that this felony was punishable by five years in prison and a $10,000 fine. A year before, upon hearing he could be drafted into the army (due to a revised drafting process) he announced himself as a conscientious objector to the war in Vietnam. He believed the teachings of the Holy Qur'an portrayed that he should only go for war for Allah or The Messenger. The refusal of induction into the war sees a complete shift in Ali's star persona. We now have to acknowledge that Muhammad Ali is now not only a boxer but a political symbol for both activists against the war and movement against racism. ]]> 2022-11-08 13:07:19 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2374954690 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2374962474 “And shoot them for what? They never called me nigger, they never lynched me, they didn’t put no dogs on me, they didn’t rob me of my nationality, rape and kill my mother and father. … Shoot them for what? How can I shoot them poor people? Just take me to jail.” ]]> 2022-11-08 13:12:48 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2374962474 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2375000220 At the time of this speech the Vietnam war was popular amongst Americans, and it angered them to see a black man speak out against with such validity and eloquence. This caused Ali, a man previously held with such prestige amongst Americans, to become one of the most despised men in the USA. Perfectly portrayed by the outlandish and disgraceful words of David Susskind in his interview with Muhammad Ali. During the words of Susskind you can see the defeated look on Ali's face showing the demise of his super-star persona from the confident and fearless Champion of the World to a shadow of the man he once was being belittled on TV in front of the nation.]]> 2022-11-08 13:36:15 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2375000220 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2375025837 Muhammad Ali was invited to make a speech at Howard University which became known as his "Black is Best" speech which highlighted the reasons why he believed African Americans had this sense of inferiority in a dialogue that was rife with metaphors and messages. He believed that the white dominated society was the problem stating that they have been brainwashed; "We look at Jesus, we see a white with blond hair and blue eyes. We look at all the angels, we see white with blond hair and blue eyes. Now, I'm sure if there's a heaven in the sky and the colored folks die and go to heaven, where are the colored angels? They must be in the kitchen preparing the milk and honey. We look at Miss America, we see white. We look at Miss World, we see white. We look at Miss Universe, we see white. Even Tarzan, the king of the jungle in black Africa, he's white!" the speech highlighted exactly what was wrong with society at the time. He finished this speech with a song named "A White Man's Heaven is a Black Man's Hell" to reaffirm his beliefs and inspire the crowd. ]]> 2022-11-08 13:50:43 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2375025837 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2375054796 As we can see Ali is no longer just a celebrity, his star persona has shifted from the focus of World Heavyweight Champion to someone who is in the limelight for very different reasons. Ali is using his platform to fight for his basic rights and the rights of others whilst inspiring more people to do the same. After the "Black is Best" speech, Marion Jackson, writer of an African American newspaper, wrote that Ali "can be more effective than Stokely Carmichael in firing up a crowd. He is as motivated a pulpiteer as Martin Luther King, Jr." showing the sheer influence that Ali has to be able to compare him with a human rights activist with the stature of Martin Luther King, Jr. In his "I ain't got no quarry with the viet cong" speech Ali goes further than just objecting the war and suggests that Vietnam is not his enemy, but America is. His willingness to speak out inspired many but it also came at great cost to him.]]> 2022-11-08 14:08:45 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2375054796 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2375115405 Although backlash from many for Ali's actions were expected, it was not white people alone that he received criticism from. Jackie Robinson the first black man to play in the major leagues also spoke out against claiming that his actions hurt a lot of the African Americans already out their fighting in Vietnam. He also stated that “the tragedy to me is, Cassius has made millions of dollars off of the American public, and now he’s not willing to show his appreciation to a country that’s giving him, in my view, a fantastic opportunity.”]]> 2022-11-08 14:41:05 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2375115405 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2375126816 Due to his refusal to be drafted into the army Muhammad Ali was stripped of his boxing licence and was unable to gain one for the next three years. He also lost his Heavyweight Champion of the World title and was stripped of his belt as well. ]]> 2022-11-08 14:47:20 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2375126816 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2375138742 2022-11-08 14:53:45 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2375138742 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2375140036 2022-11-08 14:54:24 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2375140036 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2375179191 The refusal of Ali to induct into the US military led to his arrest and eventual conviction. On June 20, 1967, Ali was sentenced to five years in prison and ordered to pay $10,000 in fines for draft evasion. However, Ali managed to avoid prison as he appealed his case. ]]> 2022-11-08 15:15:38 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2375179191 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2375190903 -Activist
-Defeated
-Inspirational
-Authentic
-Criminal
-Controversial
-Political figure
-Fearless
-Unwavering
-Abused]]> 2022-11-08 15:22:10 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2375190903 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2378642772 "'Being yourself': the pursuit of authentic celebrity". A constant theme throughout Muhammad Ali's life is his ability to stay true to himself. This academic source discusses the difficulty for celebrities such as Ali to stay authentic in front of the limelight.]]> 2022-11-10 13:48:50 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2378642772 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2378702790 Undoubtedly by the end of Muhammad Ali's life he was an icon and this book discusses how he rose to stardom and became a national emblem and the many obstacles along the way.]]> 2022-11-10 14:22:21 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2378702790 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2378726961 Ali married Belinda Boyd who converted to Islam and changed her name. Ali then had for children with her until they eventually divorced in 1977, 10 years later.]]> 2022-11-10 14:35:05 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2378726961 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2378747232 Ali's case was still on trial after his many appeals and he found a loophole that allowed him to return to the ring. His long awaited return to the ring was against Jerry Quarry who he defeated in the 3rd round. This was the beginning of a return to normality for a man who had been disgraced by the media over the last three years. ]]> 2022-11-10 14:46:29 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2378747232 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2379963957 The reason for divorce was due to Muhammad Ali's infidelity. His second wife claiming he was a "sex addict". ]]> 2022-11-11 09:29:43 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2379963957 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2379971147 Now with Ali's boxing license fully restored a fight, which was labelled as the fight of the century was organised. His opponent was unbeaten boxer Joe Frazier. Ali lost the fight. Ali's god-like image, in the boxing world, was destroyed. Ali had once seemed untouchable but this fight made it clear, he was not.]]> 2022-11-11 09:37:26 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2379971147 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2379976998 On June 28th 1971 Ali's convictions were finally dropped. The Supreme Court ruled that Ali's stance as a conscientious objector was in fact valid despite the local draft board rejecting this originally. The Supreme Court voted unanimously 8 votes to 0 making Ali a free man.]]> 2022-11-11 09:43:51 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2379976998 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2379982794 Ali had won. In beginning Ali had unwaveringly denied his call up to the draft standing up for his beliefs, unafraid of the consequences it might entail e.g. Jail. He believed the sacrifice of jail was nothing compared to the needless sacrifice of the black and white Americans in Vietnam. His unwavering attitude to be as authentic and true to himself throughout his life eventually paid off when the Supreme Court ruled in his favour.]]> 2022-11-11 09:50:29 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2379982794 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2379993939 As you can see in the video above the impact of Muhammad Ali's loss was devastating. Ali had stood for so much and for so many. He was a hero to black people and a huge figure in the movement against the Vietnam war. This once untouchable character had shown weakness and this led to "them" (right wing and racists) believing they were right which had the power for them to halt change for good. Ali's star persona was now in pieces.]]> 2022-11-11 10:00:48 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2379993939 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380001923 Muhammad Ali had to wait a few years until he got his shot at the world title again. However, the three fights against Joe Frazier, George Foreman and Joe Frazier again solidified his return to national emblem. This restored his star persona, which was huge culturally, making sure that all his activism was not in vain. ]]> 2022-11-11 10:09:26 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380001923 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380002505 The long awaited rematch of the fight of the century ensured that Ali got his revenge. He beat Frazier comfortably but it was not enough for Ali, he wanted more, he wanted his heavyweight title back which was currently held by George Foreman. ]]> 2022-11-11 10:10:02 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380002505 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380002976 On the 30th October 1974 Ali got his shot at the World Title. He was the major underdog with most predicting he would lose comfortably mostly due to being vastly older. In the lead up to the fight Muhammad Ali had played mind games with Foreman claiming he was gonna dance rings around him and mocking him with his way with words. On the night, Ali tormented him in the ring absorbing hits whilst saying "My Grandma punches harder than you do". Ali absorbed this punches tiring him out until round eight when he picked his moment and knocked him out. ]]> 2022-11-11 10:10:33 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380002976 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380003537 The final fight that cemented Ali as an icon was his third fight with Joe Frazier. There was debate about who was better due to both winning one fight each and this fight would finally settle that score. The fight was considered one of the most brutal fights in boxing history and just before the 15th round Joe Frazier threw the towel in. Ali's original statement "I am the greatest" was all but true.]]> 2022-11-11 10:11:04 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380003537 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380029395 These three fights encapsulate Ali's star persona perfectly. From a young age Ali always experienced adversity and had to work harder than others to get where he was. The loss of the first fight to Joe Frazier was never going to stop him, he had come back from worse. Being an underdog had never stopped him before and his sheer grit and determination to stay true to himself meant his rise back to the top was inevitable. His battle to return to the top was just like his battle for his rights, he believed he was the best just like he believed in his right as a conscientious objector and no one was going to stop him in achieving his goals. This unwavering belief is what made him a national emblem and an example to all.]]> 2022-11-11 10:40:04 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380029395 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380035267 On June the 27th 1979 Muhammad Ali announced his retirement from boxing having lost only 3 times in 59 fights.]]> 2022-11-11 10:45:45 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380035267 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380041295 In 1984 Muhammad Ali is diagnosed with Parkinson's subject to his boxing career and due to the severe head trauma. However, he joined up with Michael J Fox to raise awareness for Parkinson's and to try and find a cure. Again showing his undying willingness to do the right thing.]]> 2022-11-11 10:52:07 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380041295 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380048372 Ali was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom and Presidential Citizens Medal. Ali was finally receiving the credit for his actions. The medals were the two highest ranked civilian awards he could receive. He received them for his work with the US civil rights movement and the united nations. The medals received finally acknowledge what Muhammad Ali and gave him gratification for standing up for what he believed in. This cemented his role not only as an inspiration to people but as a national emblem around the world..]]> 2022-11-11 11:00:38 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380048372 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380049597 2022-11-11 11:01:56 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380049597 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380050942 He retired as Heavyweight Champion of the World.]]> 2022-11-11 11:03:32 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380050942 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380051969 2022-11-11 11:04:44 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380051969 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380058388 On June 3rd 2016 Muhammad Ali died. He died aged 74 from septic shock. Thousands turned up to his funeral to mourn the death of a man that had effected so many and stood up for the freedom of others. Upon his death he was the number one trending topic on Twitter for 12 hours and he was the same on Facebook but for several days instead, which truly shows the impact he had on a global stage.]]> 2022-11-11 11:11:34 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380058388 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380059766 Stars such as Will Smith and Mike Tyson carry his coffin.]]> 2022-11-11 11:12:56 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380059766 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380078797 The chapter within this book studies the way in which stars obtain their star image throughout their careers and how it can change based off their actions and the media can affect affect their star persona. This directly correlates to Muhammad Ali and his battle with the media and how his star image moulded and changed throughout his life.]]> 2022-11-11 11:32:11 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380078797 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380079258 2022-11-11 11:32:39 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380079258 201501186 https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380209675 Graeme Turner's work on how celebrities can be symptoms of of cultural change relates to the struggles of Muhammad Ali and how he tries to cultivate change within the black community.]]> 2022-11-11 13:45:20 UTC https://padlet.com/201501186/by2saaem11psnc57/wish/2380209675