I achieved my objectives during my time in Japan. I deepened my understanding of the forensic system by actively participating in autopsies and forensic investigations, and by presenting on job-related deaths in Malaysia vs. Japan, which highlighted the differences between the two countries' approaches to forensic medicine.

In terms of anatomy and clinical practices, I applied and expanded my knowledge through direct involvement in forensic cases and by observing investigative knowledge such as forensic entomology and forensic histopathology. This experience enhanced my practical skills and understanding of forensic pathology.

Adapting to life in Japan was another key objective I met. I immersed myself in the local culture by attending events like the Hanabi Festival, exploring traditional Japanese cuisine and visiting cultural towns such as Kyoto, which helped me become more comfortable and engaged in the foreign environment. 

Finally, I successfully built international connections and expanded my social circle. Interactions with forensic staff, students, and other international research students enriched my experience and fostered valuable relationships that I’ll carry forward into my future endeavors.

2.⁠ ⁠What have you enjoyed or liked the most about the project?

I enjoyed several aspects of my time in Japan, but a few stand out the most. The cultural experiences were incredibly fulfilling, exploring Japan’s historic streets and participating in traditional events like the Hanabi Festival were highlights that enriched my understanding and appreciation of Japanese culture. I also found great joy in the hands-on forensic work, particularly the autopsies and the process of presenting my findings. These experiences not only deepened my knowledge but also gave me a sense of accomplishment and practical learning.

3.⁠ ⁠What have you found challenging about this project?

During my project, I encountered a few significant challenges that tested my adaptability. One of the biggest hurdles was the language barrier. While most of the forensic staff and students were helpful, navigating everyday interactions and academic discussions was sometimes difficult due to limited Japanese language skills. This often led to misunderstandings or the need for extra effort to communicate effectively.

Another challenge was finding halal food. Japan’s cuisine is diverse, but options that meet halal dietary requirements are limited, especially in more remote or traditional areas. I had to be resourceful in locating suitable places to eat, which sometimes involved extensive research or asking for recommendations from locals. 

4.⁠ ⁠What has really worked?

Even though we had a packed and hectic schedule, the time we spent here was incredibly valuable. We gained remarkable experiences from the forensic department, where the staff’s attentiveness and hospitality stood out. They went out of their way to accommodate us, helping us navigate both the academic and cultural aspects of our stay. Their support and guidance made our experience smoother and more enjoyable.

What worked well was our proactive approach to overcoming challenges. Despite the language barrier, we utilized translation apps and sought assistance from locals and colleagues, which facilitated better communication. When it came to finding halal food, our thorough research and networking with locals led us to suitable dining options, allowing us to enjoy the local cuisine while adhering to dietary needs.

Despite the challenges posed by the hot weather and the sometimes overwhelming environment, this experience will remain a core memory for me. Learning forensic medicine in Japan while exploring its rich culture with friends was truly unforgettable. The combination of professional growth and cultural immersion made this journey both rewarding and memorable.

5.⁠ ⁠What can be improved in this project?

Reflecting on the entire experience, a few areas for improvement become clear. Enhancing language preparation before starting the program would have alleviated communication challenges. More intensive language training or learning key Japanese phrases could have facilitated smoother interactions and reduced misunderstandings.

Advance planning for dietary needs was another area where improvements could be made. Identifying halal food options earlier and reaching out to local networks for recommendations would have ensured easier access to suitable meals throughout the stay. Additionally, increasing efforts to integrate more deeply with local culture through community activities or local organizations might have provided a richer cultural understanding.

Refining time management strategies would also be beneficial. Allocating specific times for academic responsibilities and cultural exploration with a clear plan could help balance both aspects effectively. Lastly, building a stronger support network before arrival, such as connecting with previous international students or local guides, could offer valuable resources and make navigating challenges more manageable. These improvements could enhance the overall experience, making it even more rewarding and enjoyable.

1. Were the objectives of the project fulfilled?

The objectives of the project are fulfilled. Firstly, I learned about the healthcare system and the differences in Japan, especially the one related to the forensic department. Japan is also short of those who specialize in forensic just like Malaysia.

Secondly, I observed and practiced my knowledge in terms of clinical practices for common diseases in a foreign country. I was able to apply my knowledge of medicine for three years to help me understand better when observing the autopsies, especially anatomy. Besides, understanding the pathology process makes me understand the mechanism of death and also biochemical knowledge is important as part of determining causes of death. A lot of investigations were done as part of the process.

Thirdly, I learned how to adapt in a foreign country and gain more exposure to the local culture. At first, it was slightly hard to adapt as there is a language barrier and quite a big difference in their culture as compared to us Malaysians. However, the people in SUMS are very helpful as they help to explain if there are any confusions. As for the language barrier, we were still able to communicate by using google translate. 

Besides, I was exposed to the strict waste segregation and management in Japan which I find very efficient and hygienic. The basic waste segregation is burnable, non-burnable and recyclable. Next, I learned about their culture of bowing towards people regardless of your social standing or age. It is as a sign of respect or expressing gratitude. I am also amazed at the punctuality of the Japanese, especially the public transport. For instance, the bus would depart at exactly 6.58 am if that is shown on the departure time. The public transport would also arrive 3 to 5 minutes earlier than departure time.

I also get to learn a few Japanese traditional cultures and try some of their local foods. I experienced the Japanese tea ceremony with the students in the department where I learned ways to make matcha properly. The whisking technique of the matcha powder is very important to ensure it tastes good. It needs accurate speed and ways to hold and whisk the matcha. The Japanese tea ceremony will have matcha drink and Japanese sweets like ayu wagashi and konpeito. Wagashi is a mochi filled with red beans and konpeito is traditional sugar candy. There are also ways to drink the matcha from the matcha tea bowl also called chawan in Japan.I also am lucky enough to be going at the same time as the Hanabi Festival which is a fireworks festival in Japan during summer. I get to experience watching the one hour fireworks at Lake Biwa and it was so beautiful.

Fourthly, I built international connections and expanded my social circle. I was able to get to know a few of the lecturers and administration staff in SUMS through my days in the hospital and also during the welcoming party. I also ensure I get their contact information like emails and phone numbers in case I need their help in the future. I also made a few friends from SUMS, especially the fifth year students. We get close as we always spend time together during autopsies and lunch. A few of them that I am close with until now are Hitomi, Rico and Ayumu as we are still in contact through Instagram and Whatsapp. During our last day in Shiga, we all went for dinner in Kyoto before we parted ways. We promised to always keep in touch even if it is 10 years from now. We also welcome them to come to Malaysia anytime soon as we are looking forward to bringing them around Kuala Lumpur. 

2. What have you enjoyed or liked the most about the project?

One thing I enjoyed the most about the project is observing the autopsy. I am always excited for all of my autopsy sessions in SUMS. For me, it is a new experience in the medical field which I really looked forward to before this posting started. The whole process just fascinates me so much and I get to learn so much about the human body. 

3. What have you found challenging about this project?

The challenging thing about this project is the language barrier. This language barrier actually made it hard for me to express my questions and curiosity when learning. Using google translate is helpful but it limits the interactions as we need to type the questions and answer on our gadgets every time. Some of the conversations became longer and some would be cut short as we struggled to understand each other. However, we still try our best to convey the messages and questions. I tried my best in understanding them and also communicating so that I can learn a lot. 

4. What has really worked?

One thing that has really worked is adapting to Japanese culture. I was so worried that I could not follow their culture as they have their own way of living which is quite different from some parts of the world. However, I followed most of them, such as segregating the waste which I find easy and useful at the end of it. I also adapt to their food such as washoku, onigiri and more. Most of the food is served in small portions as compared to Malaysian food. The food is also healthy as they are less oily.

5. What can be improved in this project?

One thing that can be improved in this project is improving my language skills especially in Japanese language. It would be very beneficial as I would be able to communicate easily with them without worrying about translation. Even basic proficiency in Japanese can enhance my ability to engage with everyone in SUMS. This improvement could facilitate my comprehension of forensic procedures. 

2. What have you enjoyed or liked the most about the project?

   The thing I enjoyed the most about my elective posting at Shiga University of Medical Science (SUMS) was the opportunity to build networking connections with the experts and PhD students, an experience I never imagined I would have. Making friends with individuals older than me was a humbling experience; their willingness to share their knowledge greatly enriched my learning journey. I also loved learning about Japanese culture, particularly their work ethics and time management practices. Observing how the Japanese approach their tasks with attention to detail and punctuality was truly inspiring. I admired their respectful and humble attitude towards teaching, which further increased my desire to learn. The connections I formed during this time were unexpected but incredibly rewarding.

3. What have you found challenging about this project?

   One of the challenges I encountered during this project was understanding some of the terms and concepts used during the lectures in the first week. Since the lectures were presented by PhD students, much of the information was quite advanced, making it difficult for me to fully grasp the content. Thankfully, they were always open to discussion, which provided us with opportunities to clarify our understanding.

   
   

   Additionally, I underestimated the summer climate in Japan, thinking it would be similar to Malaysia. The most challenging part was having to travel from place to place using public transport in the hot weather. In Malaysia, most of us typically use cars for our journeys, so this was a new experience for me. It taught me the importance of careful planning to ensure that my trips went smoothly.

4. What has really worked?

   One aspect that has truly worked for me during my elective posting at Shiga University of Medical Science (SUMS) is the warm welcome I received from everyone. The friendly greetings and genuine invitations to learn in their department demonstrated their acceptance. This supportive learning environment, fostered by faculty and PhD students, encouraged open discussions that significantly enhanced my understanding of complex topics. Despite our diverse backgrounds, the mutual respect and friendliness created a positive atmosphere for collaboration and learning. This environment not only made me feel comfortable but also inspired me to engage more deeply with my peers. As a result, I was able to build a valuable network of connections that may help me in the future, whether for collaborations or other opportunities in my career.

5. What can be improved in this project?

   Reflecting on my elective posting journey, I believe there are areas where I could have improved, starting with better preparation on my part. If I had prepared myself with some resources or basic materials before the program, I would have been more familiar with the advanced terminology and concepts, particularly in fields like neuroscience and epidemiology, which were somewhat challenging to fully grasp during the lectures. Pre-reading materials or introductory sessions would have helped bridge the knowledge gap for students like me and made it easier to participate in discussions. Another area where I could improve is handling the language barrier. Even though English was commonly used, I could have prepared better by learning basic Japanese phrases or using translation tools to facilitate communication with local colleagues. This would have made it easier for me to interact and collaborate more smoothly, especially in casual or informal settings where language differences were more apparent.

2. What have you enjoyed or liked the most about the project?

   I must say, what I have enjoyed the most throughout this EP was the friendships and professional connections I have made with the people in SUMS. Some respectable Professors have allowed us to learn a lot from them and they allowed us to reach out to them at any time in the future if we were to have any doubts or questions when we start doing our own research which made me feel so grateful as I have a good guidance. I have also made memorable friendships with the PhD students there like Miss Asraa and Miss Azra, who have been so kind to us, treating us to meals and teaching us a lot about the cultures of Japan. Lastly, getting to experience a festival that happens only once a year in Japan which was the Hanabi festival was truly something I enjoyed the most.

3. What have you found challenging about this project?

   During my medical elective at Shiga University, one of the challenges I encountered was grasping some of the terminology and concepts presented in the first week’s lectures. With the sessions led by PhD students, the material felt quite advanced and was sometimes tough to follow. As someone eager to learn, I found it a bit overwhelming at first. However, I quickly realized that the PhD students were very approachable and encouraged open dialogue. Their willingness to engage in discussions was incredibly beneficial, as it provided me with opportunities to ask questions and clarify my understanding.

4. What has really worked?

   During my two-week elective posting at SUMS, I found several aspects that really worked well in enhancing my learning experience. In the first week, my time in the NCD department further reinforced the value of mentorship and discussion. The department was open to questions and encouraged us to share our thoughts, which created an interactive learning atmosphere. This not only helped clarify complex concepts but also made me feel more confident in engaging with the material.

   In the second week, while I was in the MNRC department, the hands-on approach to the experiments were particularly effective. Engaging directly with specimens allowed me to apply theoretical knowledge in a practical setting, deepening my understanding of Alzheimer's disease. Overall, the combination of practical engagement, interdisciplinary collaboration, and supportive mentorship contributed significantly to my learning during this elective.

5. What can be improved in this project?

   During my elective at SUMS, I identified several areas where I could improve my approach to enhance my learning experience. I realized that I could benefit from actively preparing for the lectures by reviewing relevant materials beforehand. This would help me familiarize myself with key terms and concepts, making it easier to follow along during more advanced discussions in the NCD and MNRC departments.