Since the land was near the Indus River, the land was rich and fertile which allowed the farmers to
plant and harvest multiple crops. This supplied them lots of food.
They were able to build homes and make tools.
This served as a habitual thing to do among the citizens living in the civilization.

Brahmin: The people who performed religious practices were the Brahmins. A Brahmin is a member of Hinduism's highest caste, or varna. The caste from whom priests are selected is regarded as the Brahmins, and it is to them that the sacred knowledge of the community is distributed and preserved.


Kshatriya: The Kshatriya are referred to as the warrior people who rule the armed forces and government. They are responsible for maintaining community security and economic stability. Additionally, in their traditional society, they are the second class of the varnas.


Vaishya: Occupying the third varna were the Vaishyas. Of the four varnas, or social classes, of the Indus Valley Civilization—traditionally referred to as commoners—the Vaishya have the third-ranking status. Agriculture, caring for livestock, marketing, and other commercial activities make up the majority of Vaishyas' occupations.

Shudra: The Shudra class comprised those who undertook manual labor and actually had fewer rights than the three groups above them. A member of the Shudra is usually classified as a servant or peasant. They are ranked at the very bottom of the caste.

The "untouchables," on the other hand, are the group that did not fall under any varna. They performed duties that many Indians regarded as dishonorable and dirty, such as picking up garbage and handling corpses. Many Indians believed that being near the untouchables caused unfortunate tendencies and might be harmful, so they forced them to live far away from others. According to Heidi Schults, the word "untouchable" is synonymous with the term "dalit". This is the name given by the politically engaged population to themselves. The term means "oppressed".

Dalit had broadly come to replace the harijan, the name given to the untouchables by Gandhi. For some activists, "dalits" used to refer to all of India's oppressed individuals or disadvantaged groups, whether Hindus, Muslims, Christians, tribal minorities, or women.

- The three different phases in the Indus Valley Civilization are...

: the Early Harappan Stage, the Mature Harappan Phase and the Late Harappan Phase. The Early Harappan Stage started during 3300 to 260 BCE, Mature Harappan Stage started during 2600 to 1900 BCE and the Late Harappan Phase started during 1900 to 1300 BCE. 


We can remember that this phase was important to the civilization due its formation of a landmark and the civilization are experts in town planning, water management and many more, what we can remember about Mature Harappan Phase is their characteristics ; the characteristics involved are personal cleanliness or hygiene, ceramics, casting, forging of metals etc. And Lastly for the Late Harappan Phase they are divided into two areas called "Citadel" and the lower town.

https://www.drishtiias.com/to-the-points/paper1/indus-valley-civilization

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/world-history-beginnings/ancient-india/a/the-indus-river-valley-civilizations#:~:text=The%20Indus%20Valley%20Civilization%20is,from%201900%20to%201300%20BCE

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_subcontinent

http://thingsasian.com/story/legacy-india%E2%80%99s-first-civilization#:~:text=Long%20after%20the%20Indus%20civilization,cultures%20of%20India%20and%20Pakistan.

This civilization during the bronze age developed new techniques in the science of working with copper, bronze, lead, and tin 

- They were among the first to develop a system of standardized weights and measures.

 Fire baked bricks were uniform in size and moisture resistant, these were important in building baths and sewages. 

-  Long after the Indus civilization, skills such as trading, farming and brick-making were passed on.