https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3 en-us 2022-10-11 05:16:56 UTC 2022-10-12 07:01:57 UTC hello@padlet.com kwongianarvin https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336108630 Lisa is riding the waves on her surfboard. Proper stance and a low center of gravity keeps her upright on the board as the waves carry her towards the shore. The sense of balance is responsible for keeping Lisa upright on her surfboard. How is Lisa able to maintain balance or equilibrium?]]> 2022-10-12 00:06:54 UTC https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336108630 kwongianarvin https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336109302 When depolarization occurs and the threshold is reached, an action potential will be sent to the brain through the vestibular part of the vestibulocochlear nerves.]]> 2022-10-12 00:07:44 UTC https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336109302 kwongianarvin https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336110695

The vestibular input, visual input, and proprioceptive inputs undergo comparison in the cerebral cortex to generate a reaction that will be sent to the motor units.

A sensory conflict or damaged nerve may cause false signals to be sent or received by the cerebral cortex.

]]> 2022-10-12 00:09:29 UTC https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336110695 kwongianarvin https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336110943

The saccule is a tiny membrane sac that is part of the membranous labyrinth and, together with the utricle, is located within the vestibule of the inner ear and plays an essential role in orientation and balance, particularly in vertical tilt.

]]> 2022-10-12 00:09:48 UTC https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336110943 kwongianarvin https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336111137 Balance of the body is maintained as an effect of this series of neuronal pathways.

]]> 2022-10-12 00:10:03 UTC https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336111137 rivato_gabrielle https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336111946

a complex sensation involving sensory input to the vestibular nucleus not only from the inner ear but also from the limbs (proprioception) and visual system as well. 

the ability to maintain the center of mass of a human’s body over the base of support.

]]> 2022-10-12 00:10:57 UTC https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336111946 rivato_gabrielle https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336115273

Bending away from the tallest cilium (kinocilium)

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Inside the vestibular system is where the organs involved in maintaining balance are located.

Enables us to move smoothly, maintain balance while doing activities and stay upright when standing or sitting.

]]> 2022-10-12 00:15:18 UTC https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336116279 manlulumarynicolette https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336116597

An enlargement at the end of the semicircular canals.

A movement of the head pushes the endolymph toward the ampullae which causes the stereocilia to move.

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The semicircular canals  are responsible for detecting rotational movements or dynamic equilibrium.

The semicircular canals have 3 tube-like structures in the sagittal, frontal and transverse planes.

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These are ridges in the ampulla that consist of cupula, nerve fibers and hair bundles.

]]> 2022-10-12 00:16:49 UTC https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336117742 arancillovicentedominiciii https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336118350

Bending towards the tallest cilium (kinocilium)

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located in the hindbrain's medulla and pons

to maintain both balance and posture, to transmit both the perception of head position and acceleration, and, finally, to modulate muscle tone

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Cilia: short eyelash-like filament; Signal transduction mediators throughout development In brain development, signaling pathways such as planar cell polarity entail the operation of both motile and primary cilia.

Microvilli: finger-like membrane protrusions; with their highly curved membranes, dynamic lymphocyte microvilli play a vital role in signal transduction leading to immune responses.

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The bending of the stereocilia will generate nerve impulses that will be sent to the brain for integration.

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A part of the inner ear which connects the semicircular canals and the cochlea.

It is where the otolithic organs are located.

]]> 2022-10-12 00:21:38 UTC https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336122493 rivato_gabrielle https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336122679

Through the descending tracts of the spinal cord the motor neuron will travel to the motor units of the body to maintain balance.

]]> 2022-10-12 00:21:50 UTC https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336122679 marianocaithleanleigh https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336126193

Calcium carbonate crystals on top of the otolithic membrane.

It is referred to as the “ear rocks”.

They add weight to the cilia which allows the detection of movement related to gravity.

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The endolymph is a fluid that fills the semicircular canals which plays a major role in perceiving the movement of the head.

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Head rotation causes a PUSH or PULL in the cupula, bending the stereocilia in one direction.

]]> 2022-10-12 01:22:17 UTC https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336193919 tayagalessandrarafael https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336195284

These organs in the vestibule are responsible for perceiving the changes in head positions, linear movements and sensing gravity.

It detects sensory information of static equilibrium.

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Motorneurons carry motor impulses, which conduct the signals from the CNS, the body's integration center, to carry out the body's reactions to environmental stimuli.

Motor impulses are delivered to the muscles to stabilize the body when movements around the body occur to maintain balance.

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The vestibulocochlear nerve is the eighth paired cranial nerve. It is made up of two parts: vestibular fibers and cochlear fibers, both of which provide only sensory functions. It transmits from the inner ear to the brain the particular senses of hearing (through the cochlear nerve) and balance (by the vestibular nerve).

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As a motor output, the eyes remain stable or directed to the opposite direction as the movement of the head to maintain a good vision of the surroundings or to something in front of the person.

]]> 2022-10-12 01:48:44 UTC https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336225781 manlulumarynicolette https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336226788

The utricle is a tiny membrane sac that, together with the saccule, is located within the vestibule of the inner ear. It is crucial in orientation and static balancing, especially in horizontal tilt.

]]> 2022-10-12 01:49:41 UTC https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336226788 aguilarhazel https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336334288

Hair cells with cilia embedded with cupula which makes up the crista ampullaris. 

These structures are mirror images in both ears, the tallest stereocilia are located in opposite sides.

]]> 2022-10-12 03:22:21 UTC https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336334288 aguilarhazel https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336334675 If the bending of the stereocilia causes a fluctuation or change in the concentration or change of the cells, depolarization occurs.]]> 2022-10-12 03:22:43 UTC https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336334675 aguilarhazel https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336335046

Numerous essential aspects of life, including breathing, awareness, blood pressure, heart rate, and sleep, are controlled by it. Numerous important clusters of white and gray matter may be found in the brainstem. The brainstem's gray matter is made up of nerve cell bodies and contributes to the formation of several significant brainstem nuclei.

In humans, the midbrain (mesencephalon), the pons (metencephalon), and the medulla oblongata make up the three regions of the brainstem (myelencephalon).

The brainstem sends messages to the whole body when a surfer loses their balance.

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These are fibrous tissues in the otolithic organs that are essential for how the brain interprets equilibrium.

In addition to measuring the linear acceleration of the body, the membrane also determines whether the head or the body is tilted.

It is a gelatinous membrane on top of the microvilli that contributes to the bending of the microvilli that signals impulses.

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A signal or nerve impulse will be sent and an action potential will be generated.

Mechanical signals are transformed into electrical signals.

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Surfing is a dynamic activity that takes place in a highly unstable and changeable environment, therefore "balance" is essential for surfers. Without strong balance, rising up and staying upright on the surfboard will be exceedingly tough.

It involves riding the waves of the sea or ocean with the use of a surfboard.

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A gel-like structure on the stereocilia.

The flow of endolymph displaces the cupula, which causes the hairs to bend beneath it and cause nerve activation.

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The cerebral cortex appears to play a direct role in regulating rapid balance reflexes while also preprogramming the central nervous system to optimize balance recovery reactions even in the event of an unanticipated threat to stability in the future.

This is the basis for the surfer's capacity to avoid falling, to regulate rapid balance reactions, and to be prepared for unanticipated board instability.

]]> 2022-10-12 03:38:12 UTC https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336350496 dalusungainsley https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336351298 Macula are single patches of sensory cells located in the inner surface  of the two membranous inner surfaces (saccule and utricle), which monitor the position of the head relative to the vertical.]]> 2022-10-12 03:38:54 UTC https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336351298 canopiokatezairish https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336378036

The part of the body, specifically the part of the ear, responsible for maintaining balance is the inner ear.

Inside the inner ear are the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth. The vestibular membrane is located inside the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear.

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The vestibular nerve is one of two branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve that carry information about motion and position. 

The vestibular nerve's primary function is to convert vestibular information (related to balance) into an egocentric frame of reference based on the position of the head in relation to the body

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Making postural changes to maintain balance requires the cerebellum. It modifies instructions to motor neurons to account for changes in body posture or changes in the load placed on muscles through its input from vestibular receptors and proprioceptors.

It happens when the surfer adjusts his posture or surfing stance to maintain balance and compensate for the intensity of the waves.

The cerebellum is the part of the brain that controls balance, fine motor control, and the ability to recognize the posture of the limbs.

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No signal will be sent.

]]> 2022-10-12 04:09:48 UTC https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336380452 tayagalessandrarafael https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336489220 2022-10-12 06:10:36 UTC https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336489220 aguilarhazel https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336491325 2022-10-12 06:12:40 UTC https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336491325 aguilarhazel https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336501528 2022-10-12 06:22:14 UTC https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336501528 aguilarhazel https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336503993 2022-10-12 06:24:20 UTC https://padlet.com/aguilarhazel/bvr07m9oay22wiy3/wish/2336503993