Hmong Language Information by Brynne Diggins https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu Group 4 en-us 2021-09-09 17:19:09 UTC 2025-11-23 16:54:32 UTC hello@padlet.com Hmong Map dewee038 https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1732867993 Hmong refers to an ethnic group living primarily in China, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, and Myanmar. 

The image is a map that shows Hmong-Mien languages throughout the region.

Sources: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hmong
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hmong_people
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages (map)]]> 2021-09-11 18:53:33 UTC https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1732867993 Hmong Flag dewee038 https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1732872967 The flag shown here is of the ChaoFa Federated State (constitution adopted July 1988), which is an organization of Hmong people in Laos who resist the Laotian government and fight for Hmong self-determination. Not all Hmong people support ChaoFa or identify with this flag. 

Sources: https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/la-hmong.html
https://www.unrepresentedunitednations.org/en/unrepresented-united-nations-directory/hmong-en

]]> 2021-09-11 19:00:22 UTC https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1732872967 Hmong Greetings (Language Lesson, Audio) dewee038 https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1732879305 Source:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7PGvUYGjsAc]]> 2021-09-11 19:10:06 UTC https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1732879305 Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong Alphabet dewee038 https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1732883584 This alphabet is used to write Hmong Dau and Hmong Njua languages (aka White Hmong and Green Hmong).

Source:
https://omniglot.com/writing/nyiakengpuachuehmong.htm]]> 2021-09-11 19:14:50 UTC https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1732883584 Key Historical and Political Facts dewee038 https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1733140296 Hmong people originated in China. For many thousands of years, Hmong groups sought independence from Imperial China, but Imperial China suppressed smaller ethnic groups in efforts to "unite" China.

After some major uprisings in the late 1700s through mid-1800s, Imperial China used military efforts to suppress Hmong, leading to a mass exodus of Hmong people to other mountainous areas in Southeast Asia outside of China (Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar). 

In the 1960s, JFK authorized recruitment of ethnic minorities in Laos to support covert military operations against communism, leading to a large number of Hmong troops  working with the U.S. military and CIA. Many Hmong people lost their lives during this "Secret War" in the 1960s and 70s.

After the Laotian monarchy was overthrown, Pathet Lao launched efforts to capture or kill Hmong people who had sided with the U.S. CIA during the war, leading to the creation of Chao Fa and Neo Hom movements as well as leading to many Hmong people evacuating/escaping/exiting Laos as refugees.

According to the 2010 U.S. Census, more than 260,000 Hmong live in the United States. Of those, 66,000+ (over 25%) live in Minnesota!

Sources:
https://www.mnhs.org/hmong/hmong-timeline]]> 2021-09-12 03:11:42 UTC https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1733140296 Reasons for leaving home country diggi026 https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1734593664 The Hmong people are an ethnic group that originally lived in independent communities in China, but had to leave the country in the 1800s when the Chinese government wanted to create a "united" China and used their military might to suppress ethnic minorities in China, including the Hmong, by invading their land and killing the people who lived there. This suppression led to the Hmong leaving China and going to Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and Burma.

When the U.S. government was engaged in the Vietnam War (with the goal of "suppressing communism"), the CIA also covertly recruited Hmong people living in Laos to help their military efforts against the communist movement in Laos.  This is referred to as the Secret War, because it was run by the CIA and not advertised to the public and Congress. As a result of their efforts to help the U.S. government, the Hmong were persecuted when the U.S. left and the communist governments in Vietnam and Laos were in power. Some estimates say that 10% (35,000 people) of the population living in Laos after the war were killed as a result of the Secret War and its aftermath. Because of the violence, the Hmong people had to seek asylum in other countries, including the U.S.

Sources:
https://www.hmongamericancenter.org/hmong-history/ 
https://www.mnhs.org/hmong/hmong-timeline 

]]> 2021-09-13 01:52:21 UTC https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1734593664 Reasons for settling in Minnesota diggi026 https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1734620034 After the U.S. ended their war efforts in Southeast Asia, the Hmong people were not initially approved to come to the U.S. as refugees. The Migration and Refugee Assistance Act had to be amended to include the Hmong.

The federal State Department gave contracts to charities who were willing to work with and support resettling refugees after the Vietnam War, including the Hmong people. Several organizations in Minnesota sought this opportunity, including: Catholic Charities, Lutheran Social Services, and Church World Services.

Minnesota was seen as a desirable place for the Hmong people to live because of its educational and economic opportunities. The University of Minnesota also helped support the growth of the Hmong community in the Twin Cities through its Agricultural Extension Service in the 1980s, which provided over 6 million dollars in education, land, and agricultural equipment to Hmong farmers and their families.

Hmong people continued to settle in Minnesota through what is known as secondary migration; family members in Minnesota wanted their families to move to join them in Minnesota, and in this way a large community of Hmong people grew.

Sources:
https://www.mnopedia.org/hmong-and-hmong-americans-minnesota
https://www.mprnews.org/story/2015/03/01/10-things-hmong
https://sites.google.com/a/macalester.edu/refugees/hmong 


]]> 2021-09-13 02:03:16 UTC https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1734620034 Where to eat Hmong food https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1740462077 A local Minnesotan chef walks through their three favorite restaurants at the Hmong Village food court in St. Paul. Pho is a fourth common Hmong dish (not specifically mentioned in this article) and can be found all over Minnesota. Additionally, the Hmongtown Marketplace (also in St. Paul) is a great place to find over 100 shopping and food stands to experience. 
Sources: https://hmongtownmarketplace.com/
https://www.twincities.com/2020/03/05/what-to-eat-at-hmong-village-let-chef-yia-vang-show-you/]]> 2021-09-14 18:51:50 UTC https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1740462077 Where to find local Hmong events https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1740483158 Many resource centers and student groups around the Twin Cities have links on their websites for where to find fun local events. Although the Hmong International Freedom Festival,
usually held in early July, was cancelled this past summer due to COVID precautions, this November's Hmong New Year is still being held at the St. Paul Rivercentre. Typically, both events are lively and well-loved by the Hmong community and the people who participate in the events of the holidays. 
Sources: https://www.visitsaintpaul.com/blog/guide-to-hmong-new-year/
https://mnhd66brepublicans.org/tag/hmong-freedom-celebration-j4/]]> 2021-09-14 19:01:01 UTC https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1740483158 Resources for Hmong Students https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1740513789 Because Minnesota has a large population of Hmong communities, there are several MN universities that have Hmong resource centers, groups, or educational programs. Concordia St. Paul has a Center for Hmong Studies and the University has both a Hmong Student Association, a Living Learning Community for Hmong freshman at the U, and a close relationship with the Hmong Cultural Center in St. Paul. Both the CSP Hmong Center and the UMN Student Association have lots of links to educational resources and information about current events to attend and learn about in regard to the Hmong community in Minnesota and also the United States. 
When I lived on campus at the University, I shared the third floor of Comstock Hall with the Hmong LLC. The Resident Advisor for our floor also identified as Hmong and held lots of Hmong student-specific events for the LLC. 

Sources: https://www.hmsalove.org/
https://housing.umn.edu/llcs/tsev-hmoob
https://hmongcenter.csp.edu/
https://www.hmongcc.org/]]> 2021-09-14 19:15:33 UTC https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1740513789 How can I learn more about Hmong culture? https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1740540212 There are a plethora of great sources for learning more about the Hmong community in Minnesota. The Hmong Museum is one great example, however they do not have a physical space that they permanently reside in. It's important to search where they're currently 'living' before visiting this museum. Once you're there, they showcase Hmong culture with rotating exhibits and interesting programs like English language learning classes. The Hmong Resource Center Library is located in St. Paul, but also has a virtual library available to anyone who wants to learn more about Hmong culture, history, art, etc. A final great resource for learning more about Hmong people and their culture, visit Hmong Arts, Books and Crafts (Hmong ABC) located in the Hmongtown Market on Como in St. Paul. This store is the first of its kind in Minnesota. They have both in-person and online options for buying books, art, and other crafts created by Hmong artisans. 

Sources: https://hmongmuseummn.org/
http://www.hmonglibrary.org/
https://www.hmongabc.com/]]> 2021-09-14 19:28:24 UTC https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1740540212 Culturally Relevant Teaching Material felto054 https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1747544153 Novels surrounding the Hmong-American experience: https://runestonejournal.com/six-books-featuring-the-hmong-community-by-sandra-vang/ 

Websites:
Timeline from the Minnesota Historical society https://www.mnhs.org/hmong/hmong-timeline 
Hmong Cultural Library https://madison.campusguides.com/c.php?g=390137&p=2649701

Hmong American Literature Unit https://hmongresources.wordpress.com/teaching-materials/engl-2330-hmong-american-literature-materials/
http://hmonglessons.com/]]> 2021-09-17 02:27:37 UTC https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1747544153 Tips for Teachers felto054 https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1747546313 -Ground lessons in culture, tradition, and language. Furthermore, lessons should provide useful and practical knowledge. The article above describes that within the Native Hmong Learners immersive elective course, each unit is through a Hmong lens. For example, Health class is centered around Hmong health, which deepens Hmong students' connection to heritage. Many schools do not have teachers, funding, or other capacity to provide specific courses as such, but this article should work as a model to instruct educators that culturally sustaining pedagogy is possible.

-Maintain high expectations and empathy for all students (these should be differentiated for each student). See Vang, page 14 for tips regarding working with individuals. Although these are listed as Hmong-specific, these tips are relevant for teachers of all ethnicities.

-Family ties are extremely important in Hmong culture. This means a close connection to a student's family is valued, and communication is held dear. According to Vang, multigenerational households are common, thus extended family members may be involved in a child's life. Students may bring in funds of knowledge extending beyond their immediate family. Like all individuals, this may differ depending on the family. Create lessons that reflect upon these values or that allow students to share/honor multigenerational skills/traditions.

-Vang writes that Hmong students may lack academic support at home as parents or family members have low English literacy. Extra support or affinity spaces may be necessary.

-Different dialects exist within the Hmong language. These incorporate different religious and cultural tradition. Do not generalize this experience for students, instead, listen and honor their experience. "Listen without judgment" to students as they share bits of cultural information.

-Teachers should be aware that most Hmong students are bi- or mulit-lingual, some first generation students speaking Hmong at home. Additionally, dialect impacts English learning needs.

Sources:
https://www.mprnews.org/story/2019/10/09/in-one-twin-cities-classroom-learning-in-hmong-and-about-being-hmong 
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ775324.pdf 
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1215233.pdf
]]> 2021-09-17 02:28:28 UTC https://padlet.com/diggi026/bvp20wupiyr5hddu/wish/1747546313