Remake of Unit 4: Government by Emily Petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva Review of Absolutism in France, England and Russia en-us 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC 2024-10-23 10:15:10 UTC hello@padlet.com PEOPLE: emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601908 Maria Theresa
Frederick William I
Frederick II A.K.A. Frederick the Great
]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601908 EVENTS: emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601909 The Seven Years’ War
The years of peace
]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601909 CONCEPTS emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601911 Pragmatic Sanction
Diplomatic Revolution
]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601911 MARIA THERESA :) emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601912 -When her father, Charles VI, died she inherited Austria and other Habsburg lands 
-Inherited these lands in 1740 at only 23 years old 
-Because some of these lands required the inheritor to be male, Charles had argued Europe to accept the “Progmatic Sanction” which would allow her to inherit the Habsburg lands 
- The laws of the Holy Roman Empire did prevent her from being elected empress. She only became empress in 1745 when her husband became elected emperor 
-Maria’s empire included a patchwork of people and regions which lead to conflict or nationality, language, and religion. This caused several German states to become resentful of the Habsburgs. At times, Bavaria (located in Southern Germany) allied with France against the Habsburgs 
-Austria’s chief rival was a small but rising north German state of Brandenburg-Prussia 
-The size and character with geographic, cultural, and historic diversity made it difficult to rule effectively ]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601912 Frederick William II emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601914 1796-1797

  • Frederick helped Prussia improve the millitary and restrict spending 
  • ended much of his fathers lavish spending. 
  • With the money he saved, he made the Prussia  stronger by doubleing the army 
  • The Prussian army was the most efficient in Europe 
  • The Prussian society was primarily militarlized under the king 
  • He only talked about the economy and soldiers 
  • Frederick always wanted the soldiers to be well equipped and trained
  • Discipline in the army has rigid, punishments were harsh and soldiers were expected to obey orders immediately. 




]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601914 The Seven Years’ War emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601915
  • This war lasted from 1756 to 1763 and it was a major European War
  • It was based on a fight that began in North America, called the French and Indian War
  • There was a large amount of division, and the allies created during this war characterized a great portion of this war
  • Prussia and Great Britain were allies, and Austria, France, and Russia were allies
  • Prussia, lead by Frederick, lead, but then began to struggle because of financial issues
  • An Austrian-Russian force then fought against powerful Prussia and took them down
  • Russia’s leader Elizabeth died and was succeeded by Czar Peter III, and then Russia was no longer an ally with those against Prussia
  • There was no clear “Winner” in the end, and it closed with a treaty that gave Prussia a hold on Silesia and most of France’s North American colonies to Britain in a separate treaty
    • ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601915     FREDERICK THE GREAT (FREDERICK II) emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601916 -Much to the worry of his father (Frederick I), in his youth Frederick II was not interested in military or government affairs but was rather he wrote poetry, played the flute, and read philosophy 
    -the King, his father, used harsh methods to try to change his son including methods such as imprisonment 
    -Frederick II and a companion attempted to escape Prussia and they were both caught. The king forced his son to watch his friend’s execution as punishment for the attempted escape 
    -Frederick II turned into a stronger ruler than his father, becoming king in 1740 (the same year Maria Theresa became ruler of Austria) 
    -was highly intelligent and worked to expand the territory and prestige of Prussia 
    -marched his most powerful forces into Maria Theresa’s valuable land, Silesia, and conquered it easily. This started the War of the Austrian Succession which lasted from 1740-1748 
    -Bavaria, Spain, and France allied with Prussia 
    -Great Britain, the Netherland, and Russia sided with Austria 
    -Austria and its allies lost and Prussia gained Silesia ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601916     Years of peace emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601917
  • The years of peace was a time period where Frederick the Great  spend 23 years to strengthen and rebuild his kingdom 
  • The 7 years war ruined the kingdom and left it in peices 
  • Frederick expanded, improved public education and the already excellent Prussian civil service system 
  • Supports of tolerance for religious minorities 
  • Due to the years of peace Prussia regained the economic prosperity it had lost due to the 7 years war 
  • Prussia also managed to gain new land during these years, and helped to bring about the first partition of Poland by acquiring land from Poland along the Baltic coast.
  • Frederick linked Prussia with east Prussia
  • After the peace ended and Frederick passed away, Prussia emerged as a major European economic and political power.

    • ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601917     Diplomatic Revolution emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601918 The Diplomatic Revolution was a major “Reversal of alliances”. Great Britain had always been allied against the French. But, in 1756 Great Britain allied itself with Prussia. French then allied itself with Austria and Russia... Great Britain’s old allies. France and Austria were now opposed to Prussia and Great Britain.]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601918 Pragmatic Sanction emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601919
  • The Pragmatic Santion was a death-wish of Charles VI, who was ruling over Austria and other Hapsburg’s lands
  • He wanted his 23 year old daughter Maria Theresa to inheret the lands that he was ruling
  • Before this document, the lands were set to be ruled by a male heir
  • Charles was urging the Europeans to sign the document
  • The laws of the Holy Roman Empire limited her from being elected empress
  • She was able to be elected empress in 1745 when her husband was elected Emperor
    • ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601919     PEOPLE emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601920 Tories
    Whigs
    James II
    William II
    Mary II 
    Thomas Hobbes
    John Locke
    ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601920     EVENTS emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601921 Glorious Revolution]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601921 CONCEPTS: emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601923 Habeas corpus
    Cabinet
    Prime minister
    Limited Constitutional Monarchy
    Restoration
    English Bill of Rights
    Toleration Act
    Act of Settlement
    Act of Union
    ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601923     John Locke emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601924 Philosopher 
    He accepted the idea of the social contact but he believed that the people had given up only some of their individual rights 
    Social contract was their right to have a right to live political enjoyment and ownership of land.]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601924     emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601925 Whigs]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601925 Yeet emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601926 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601926 William 11 emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601927 He was a brutal and corrupt tyrant. He was born in France.]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601927 Tories emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601928 Tories was a political party of people in England that resisted the beliefs of Whigs. They didn’t support religious religious tolerance. The tories became associated with the Anglican Church. It connects to the English government because when England was in a state of unstable government, controversy erupted and the Tories were apart of that.]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601928 James the 2nd emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601929 King of England 1685-1688
    He was the last Roman Catholic monarch of England. His reign was remembered primilary for struggles over religious tolerance ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601929     emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601930 Mary II 
    Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland. She ruled 1689-1694 with her husband. Adopted the English Bill of Rights and were the start of the Glorious Revolution. They had a short reign and only made few significant changes. 

    ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601930     The Glorious Revolution emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601931 1688 it was the overthrow of king James 2nd of england by union of the English parliamentarians with the Dutch stadholder William 3rd
    Was a bloodless revolution the motives for this were to include both religious and political concerns.

    ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601931     Horbeas corpus emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601932 a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, especially to secure the person's release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention. It was created because of the Magna Carta.]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601932 Cabinet emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601934  the committee of senior ministers responsible for controlling government policy. This is like the group of nobles that Luis XIV tried to get rid of.]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601934 emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601935 Prime Minister
    The political leader of the Government. They are responsible for keeping the government branches communicating and for coordinating with the Parliament. This role connects to people because the government controls everything in a country and is the main source of power for all events and large important spendings.]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601935     emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601936 Thomas Hobbes]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601936 Limited Constitutional Monarchy emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601937 It’s a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a written 
    It was created in the glorious revolution of 1688 in England in which king James was overthrown it was called limited because the absolute power of king or queen is not exercised.]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601937     English bill of rights emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601938 The English Bill of Rights is an act that the Parliament of England passed on December 16, 1689. The Bill creates separation of powers, limits the powers of the king. This was made because Kings and queens had to much power and were making stupid decisions.]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601938 emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601939 Toleration Act
    An act of the Parliament of England allowing Parliament to gain freeedom of worship. A serious event that established the Glorious Revolution in England. Now members of the Parliament were able to worship to Nonconformists, and other people felt more comfortable worshiping as well. ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601939     Restoration emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601940 -The Restoration period starts in 1660, King Charles II was restored to the English throne
    -1660-1785
    -reopening of English theaters
    -Parliament tried to force Charles to exclude his brother from the line of succession because he was catholic
    -Charles dissolved parliament
    ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601940     Act of Settlement emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601941 The Act of Settlement was made by Parliament that was passed in 1701 to settle the succession to the English and Irish crowns on Protestants only]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601941 PEOPLE: emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601942 Charles I
    Cavaliers
    Roundheads
    Oliver Cromwell
    New Model Army
    ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601942     EVENTS emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601943 Long Parliament]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601943 CONCEPTS: emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601944 Petition of Right
    Rump Parliament
    Commonwealth 
    Navigation Act of 1651
    Constitution
    English Civil War
    ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601944     People: Cavaliers emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601945
  • The Cavaliers were people who supported the King
  • They were Anglicans, Roman Catholics, nobles, and other opponents of Parliament’s reforms
  • Royalists
    • ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601945     Long Parliment emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601946 In 1640, The parliment that Charles coveined met on and off for 20 years, and therefore got the name of “Long Parliment”

    The Puritan controlled house wanted more power. They ordered that the Parliment has to meet once overly 3 years to keep Charles from raising taxes. They ended the kings power to dissolve parliment.

    Later, when the Irish rebellion began in 1641, the Puritan House wanted control of the army. Charles resisted which lead to a Civil War.



    ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601946     Charles I emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601947 - The King of England, 1700s 
    - He tried to get funds from parliament but failed so he forced the people to pay him or else they would be in prison.
    - He refused to call parliament into session for 11 years
    - People did not like him and he started the “parliament ruling England because the king is incapable” deal 

    ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601947     Concepts emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601948 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601948 People: Roundheads emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601949
  • People who supported Parliament
  • They were Puritans and non-Anglican Protestants
  • They were nicknamed Roundheads after the haircuts of the Puritan soldiers
    • ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601949     People: Oliver Cromwell emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601950
  • Oliver Cromwell was a devou Puritan
  • He was a powerful speaker and a skilled leader
  • He believed that divine providence made him ruler
  • He acted harshly to suppress reisistance against him
  • Cromwell was fairly tolerant of other beliefs 
  • He ruled England as Lord protester (1653-1658)
    • This period of time was called the Protectorate
  • Cromwell was basically a military dictator because he was focused on the support of the army
  • He wanted to bring the idea of a parliamentary republic into England (wanted to create a representative type of government)
  • Tried to establish a constitution two times
  • His government wasn’t overthrown because he raised enough money from taxes and land sales to support the government and England’s army, the army was strong and powerful which discouraged other people from acting against them, and their enemies had no organized army that could defeat them.
  • Cromwell encouraged trade and manufacturing at home
  • He challenged the Dutch by making Parliament pass the Navigation Act of 1651 which required that all goods being shipped to England from other countries had to be carried by English ships or ships from the country that produced the items. This eventually led to war between the two countries ending with no real victor. That being said England’s navy gained prestige from the war and Cromwell showed that his country could support its commerce.
    • ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601950     People: Oliver Cromwell emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601951
  • Oliver Cromwell was a devou Puritan
  • He was a powerful speaker and a skilled leader
  • He believed that divine providence made him ruler
  • He acted harshly to suppress reisistance against him
  • Cromwell was fairly tolerant of other beliefs 
  • He ruled England as Lord protester (1653-1658)
    • This period of time was called the Protectorate
  • Cromwell was basically a military dictator because he was focused on the support of the army
  • He wanted to bring the idea of a parliamentary republic into England (wanted to create a representative type of government)
  • Tried to establish a constitution two times
  • His government wasn’t overthrown because he raised enough money from taxes and land sales to support the government and England’s army, the army was strong and powerful which discouraged other people from acting against them, and their enemies had no organized army that could defeat them.
  • Cromwell encouraged trade and manufacturing at home
  • He challenged the Dutch by making Parliament pass the Navigation Act of 1651 which required that all goods being shipped to England from other countries had to be carried by English ships or ships from the country that produced the. This eventually led to war between the two countries ending with no real victor. That being said England’s navy gained prestige from the war and Cromwell showed that his country could support its commerce.
  • The republican government ended up failing.
  • Cromwell dissolved parliament and ruled alone until he died in 1658
    • ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601951     New Model Army emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601952 - formed in England in 1645 by the Parliament during the English Civil War.
    - DIsbanded in 1660 after the Restoration period
    -mainly puritans who were against the king who was Catholic, Protestant, or Anglican.
    - Led by Oliver Cromwell

    ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601952     Navigation Act of 1651 emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601953 Required that all goods shipped to England from other countries be carried by English Ships or by ships of the producing country.

    This act was put in place because Dutch owners and shipowners had taken advantage of Englands turmoil.

    As a result this law lead to the war with Duch.]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601953     English Civil War emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601954 - Citizens of England are divided
    - Kings supporters - Anglican, Roman Catholics, nobles, and those against parliament
    - Also called cavaliers
    - Parliaments supporters - puritans and no Anglican protesters
    - also called roundheads
    - Oliver Cromwell gets a group of troops to attack and take over England 
    - the people didnt like this so they tried to take over Oliver and his crew
    - After they didn’t want to fight anymore they had Charles II come in and settle things down for England]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601954     PEOPLE emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601955 Bloody Mary
    Elizabeth I
    Mary Queen of Scots
    Puritans
    Gentry
    Burgesses
    James I
    ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601955     CONCEPTS: emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601956 The Spanish Armada
    Anglican Church vs. Catholic Church (Religious disunity)
    Parliament


    ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601956     Bloody Mary emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601957 Mary I, the oldest daughter of Henry VIII, she was the first reigning queen of England.
    Took the throne in 1533 - 1588. 
    Tried to do away with clergy who did not follow the Catholic Church. Mary earned the name “Bloody Mary” because of the executions she did. She burned 300+ people at the stake. She married Philip II. ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601957     Mary Queen of Scots (1542-1587) emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601958 Mary Queen of Scots also known as Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland , was next in line to the throne during the rein of Elizabeth because Elizabeth never got married or had childern meaning that their would she did not have a child to inherit the throne. She was a Catholic queen which terrified the English Protestants. Mary fled to England from her problems in Scotland and got put in prison. Mary was plotting to usurp Elizabeth from the throne. When Elizabeth found out about the plot, she ordered Mary’s death. Mary was beheaded which angered Philip II and made him the plan an invasion on England.]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601958 Puritans emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601959 Also called Separists, objected to the fact that the Anglican CHurch kept some Catholic practices. They disagreed with Queen Elizabeth and caused them to be upset. ]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601959 Burgesses emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601960 Burgesses were a a branch of the House of Commons which was a part of parliament. They shared the House of Commons with the Gentry’s. This group was mostly made up of merchants and professional people of a town or city. Sometimes the line was fuzzy as a merchant who also owned land could be a Gentry or a son of a high priest or noble would become a professional of their city and become a Burgess. ]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601960 The Spanish Armada emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601961 The Spanish Armada was a fleet of 130 ships sent toward England by Philip II. It was also called the Invincible Armada. It was in sent to England while England was struggling to adapt to a new ruler. Elizabeth I defeated the Spanish Armada becasue England’s ships were smaller and swifter and had better guns. As a result the Spanish tried to retreat and go to the North Sea and then around the British Isles. This did not quite work due to storms, navigation errors, and lack of supplies. Many ships crashed on the shores of Scotland and Ireland. Now Elizabeth I’s Protestant rule was secure. ]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601961 Gentry emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601962 Gentry were landowners who had a social position, but no titles. They were usually sons  nobles who did not inherit  their father’s title or position. The gentry have a place in Parliament in the House of Commons. As being apart of the Parliament, they had a voice in the goverment.]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601962 Parliament emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601965 Parliament is made up of two branches, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Their main jobs are to make laws and to debate the days problems. They are there to make the the people’s problems heard. This mane it better for the people because the events that they thought were important were being brought up and debated]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601965 Church (religious disunity) emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601966 Henry VIII broke with the Pope what he made Anglicanism the religion of England. People wanted to “purify” the church even more (those people were called puritans or separatists) and they objected to the fact that the Anglican Church had some catholic practices. Many monarchs thought religious disunity threatened England and wanted to unite their subjects under the Anglican faith. ]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601966 Anglican Church v.s. Catholic Church emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601967
  • Anglican Church: 
    • England’s Protestant Church which was created by Henry IV. The  church had ceremonies like the Catholic Church, but allowed divorces.
    • This   religious problems in England causing England to only want Protestant rulers and get into wars with other countries like Spain and rebellions from Purtains. 
  • Catholic Church:
    • A church that has many ceremonies and many rules. This church has been a main religon for many countries. 
    • This church caused many religious wars some against Protestants. This church was the religon of many countries which caused rebellions in the country. 
    • ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601967     PEOPLE: emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601968 Michael Romanov
    Czar Peter I A.K.A. Peter the Great
    Catherine the Great
    ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601968     Michael Romanov emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601969 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601969 Czar Peter I A.K.A. Peter the Great emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601970
  • Ruler of Russia 
  • Became sole leader in 1696 and lead until he died in 1725
  • Peter’s biggest goal was to end the landlocked issue that Russia had
  • He wanted warm-water ports on the Sea of Azov and Black Sea. To do this, he had to defeat the Turks. To defeat the Turks, he had to have a stronger Russia and would need help from Wetern Europe. 
  • He disguised himself and went to several Western European countries
    • His goal was to negotiate an alliance with Turkey
      • He failed in this goal
  • Influenced by France, he strengthened his army
  • He started a long war with Sweden in 1700 that lasted until 1721
    • Russia won this war and it gained land on the East Coast of the Gulf of Finland
    • They now had access to the Baltic Sea
  • He modernized the army and reformed the government’s administration 
  • He also encouraged manufacturing and foreign trade
    • ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601970     Catherine the Great emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601971
  • She was a German Princess that married Peter III and succeeded him after his 🤬, which was completed by nobles that supported Catherine
  •  She was more skilled in foreign policy than domestic, and she expanded trade, gaining land to the west and being able to solve conflicts, but she was not concerned with what problems are occurring within her own society
  • She gained power and ruled from 1762-1796
  • She left a majority of Russia in poverty, as her focus was mainly on more of the artistic aspects, which were no help to the impoverished. 
  • Catherine the Great ruled in Russia and she gained a lot of new land, creating foreign relationships.
  • Catherine the Great’s rule connected to the people because it was really influential on the treatment of citizens based on their status
  • People that were poorer received no assistance, and the wealthier Nobles would thrive off of the culture and economy. 
    • ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601971     Burgesses emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601972 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601972 Michael Romanov emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601973
  • The first tsar of Russia of the House of Romanov
  • Ruled from 1613 to 1645
  • His reign ended the Time of Troubles
  • His family was very wealthy 
    • They ruled for 300 years after him
  • Romanov established relations with groups of people throughout Europe and those people soon be under Moscow’s rule
  • The Romanov strengthened absolutism in Europe
    • ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601973     PEOPLE: emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601974 Henry IV
    Cardinal Richelieu
    Intendants
    The Sun King: Louis XIV
    Jean-Baptiste Colbert]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601974     EVENTS: emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601975 The Thirty Years’ War
    War of Spanish Succession
    ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601975     PLACES: emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601976 Versailles]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601976 CONCEPTS emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601977 Absolutism
    Divine right of kings
    Balance of power
    Treaty of Utrecht
    Treaty of Westphalia
    ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601977     emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601978 Henry, Cardinal, Intendants ]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601978 30 years war emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601980 The 30 years war was a war fought in Europe. This was fought between the Catholic and Protestant states over the Roman Empire. Lasted from 1618–1648. ]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601980 Versailles emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601981 King Louis XIV moved into this palace when he was 44 years old. He also build it to showcase his power as absolute monarch]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601981 Divine Right of Kings emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601982 Chosen by God to rule the nation. King Louis XIV believed in this concept.]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601982 Balance of Power emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601983 Countries have equal strength in order to prevent one country from dominating others. The Netherlands, England, Austria, Brandenburg, and Spain formed alliances against France to make sure that King Louis XIV couldn’t dominate the rest of the countries.]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601983 The Sun King - King Louis XIV emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601984  Gained power in 1643 when he was four. He started having people call him the sun king when he was fourteen. He did a ballet about him being the sun king. He asked people to call him this because he wanted people to know that he, like the sun, touched everything mad everyone ]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601984 War of succession emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601985 The war of succession was a European war. War between the Austrianss, Dutch, and English against France. Took place from 1701-1714. Fought over who had possession over what land. ]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601985 Jean-Baptiste Colbert emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601986 He was one of King Louis XIV’s best advisers. He was a well-educated middle class citizen and an expert in finance. He strongly encouraged France to increase industry, international trade, and develop colonies. He also strove to improve the nations economy through more evenly distributed taxes. ]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601986 Treaty of Utrecht emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601988 An important document for Europe and America. It said that the French and Spanish monarchies could never be united and gave most of French lands in North America to Great Britain. Came after France was defeated in the War of the Spanish Succession. The other countries wanted it because they didn’t want Louis and his grandson to combine France and Spain. Afterward France began to lose its empire.]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601988 Absolutism emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601989 Absolutism is a form of government in which one monarch has complete control over the government, military and ect. This effected lots because it caused several wars, and shaped our present day government (not in good ways in my opinion) ]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601989 Treaty of Westphalia emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601990 The Thirty Years’ War ended in this treaty. France was strengthened by receiving Alsace, a territory by the Rhine River. The treaty gave independence to the Netherlands and Switzerland. Made German princes independent of the Holy Roman Empire and the Habsburg family.]]> 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601990 Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642) emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601991 He was chief minister to Louis XIII.
    He strengthened and consolidated the power of the monarchy. 
    He struggled with religion.]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601991     Cardinal emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601992 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601992 Intendants (1640-1789) emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601993 Was an administrative official who served as the chief royal representative.
    He controlled the colony’s entire civil administration.
    Their great power made them unpopular. ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601993     Intendant emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601994 2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601994 Henry IV (1553-1610) emily_petracek https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601995 He granted religious freedom to Protestants.
    He issued the edict of Nantes to foster religious tolerance. 
    He had many mistresses. ]]>     2019-02-15 03:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/emily_petracek/btlkgeimvwva/wish/331601995