UCM Bidayuh's Food and Arts Culture by Lim Joyce

Introduction to Bidayuh

icolajc_17 — 2017-10-03 05:36:37 UTC

* Bidayuh is the indigenous groups found in southern Sarawak and northern West Kalimantan, Indonesia
* The name Bidayuh means 'inhabitants of land'.
* They constitute one of the main indigenous groups in Sarawak and West Kalimantan and live in towns and villages around Kuching and Samarahan in the Malaysian state of Sarawak

Bidayuh Costume

icolajc_17 — 2017-10-03 05:38:22 UTC

* The traditional Bidayuh costume set for women comprises the short-sleeved or sleeveless blouse, ‘jomuh’ (skirt), and matching accessories such as the ‘selapai’ (sash), ‘pangiah’ (bead necklace), ‘porik’ (copper/ metal belt) and ‘sipiah’ (headgear).

* The men wear a ‘tawuop’ or ‘tahup’ (long loin- cloth wrapped around the body with one end hanging down in front and the other at the back), the ” burang sumba” (headgear) and occasionally the “kima” (armlets).

Attire

icolajc_17 — 2017-10-03 05:42:06 UTC

* The black color is the main color in the application of the Bidayuh community.

* Women in the Bidayuh community wear a full dress, including short sleeves or half sleeves and a pair of black sarong knee beads decorated with delicate beads of various colors costume made with a combination of primary colors of white, yellow and red.

Women Headdress

icolajc_17 — 2017-10-03 05:46:11 UTC

* Half-height with a small lid weave beautiful patterns or a cap of colourful fabric with fine embroidery beads are complementary female headdress Bidayuh community.

Men Costume

icolajc_17 — 2017-10-03 05:54:47 UTC

* Men Bidayuh ethnic communities are often wearing black shirts and a pair of partial birth shaped sleeves or short sleeves with a slight pattern of elements of flora and black shorts or loincloth that the basic colour such as blue, red and white.

Daily Costume

icolajc_17 — 2017-10-03 06:12:45 UTC

Belief System (Old and Current)

icolajc_17 — 2017-10-03 06:14:03 UTC

* Bidayuhs are traditionally animist. They believe that souls or spirits exist not only in humans but also in animals, plants, rocks and natural phenomena.

* In the past, the Bidayuhs wore the scary mask while dancing to chase away the crop pests and the bad spirit. They also hung the pieces of cloth in their house to preserve the village from evil influence .

* However during the British colonial times, Christian missionaries brought Christianity to education and modern medicine. As a result, a great majority of Bidayuh are now Christians, majority of them being Roman Catholic.

Daily Costume

icolajc_17 — 2017-10-03 06:24:41 UTC

Bidayuh Food

icolajc_17 — 2017-10-10 05:06:31 UTC

Asam Siok, or chicken with rice and bamboo is one of Bidayuhs famous foods, although this food is rarely known to the Sarawakians. This food is the Bidayuh’s own version of Manok Pansoh, which is originally came from the Ibans.

Tepui

icolajc_17 — 2017-10-10 05:09:48 UTC

Another interesting dishes from the Bidayuh community is their very own alcoholic drink known as Tepui. Normally, they drink tepui right after the dinner. Because it is made out of sugarcane juice, this alcoholic drink is both smooth and soothing drink, compared to tuak and langkau.

Education

icolajc_17 — 2017-10-10 05:25:46 UTC

* Bidayuh women have not been given emphases to proper education compared to men for a long time, it is, therefore, unfair to expect their level of education to be equal or better than men.

* Bidayuh women have less education and skill, they were involved in agricultural work as laborers with low pay.

* Bidayuh women concentrate more on unskilled manual work like general workers, cleaners, and laborers while for Bidayuh men they concentrate more in skilled manual positions with more security, higher pay, and opportunities for their career.

* Nowadays, the new generation of the Bidayuh Sarawak get better education and more knowledge, a number of them are also self-employed; running their own business.

What is local norms?

2017-10-10 05:32:09 UTC

The standards, patterns, customs or rules that is typical or expected of the groups

What is Taboo?

2017-10-10 05:33:55 UTC

A social or religious custom prohibiting or prohibiting discussion of a particular practice.

Do’s and Dont’s in long house:

2017-10-10 05:35:02 UTC

1. Do not visit a longhouse without an invitation ;

2. Taking off the shoes when entering the longhouse

3. Do not allow to enter to the longhouse during pantang

4. Accept the food and drinks from others with both hand

5. Bow your head when walking past people older than you as respect the older.

Marriage of Orang Bidayuh.

2017-10-10 05:38:05 UTC

-Way to became member of “Biik” and enjoy the rights of members.

What is biik ?
- The family the person referred to -

Languages

icolajc_17 — 2017-10-10 05:43:01 UTC

In Sarawak there are generally said to be three main language; Singai-Jagoi; Bukar and Sadong language.

* Bidayuh Moden speak mixed languages, mixed languages between Padawan and Jagoi Language (Semeba, Tematu, Bumbok and Sudad).

The dialects are not mutually intelligible and English or Malay are often used as common languages.

Marriage of Orang Bidayuh (Con't)

2017-10-10 05:44:22 UTC

Bidayuh community practice monogamy only
What is Monogamy ?

- Only one spouse at a time -
However remarriage after divorce is a common thing.

- Strong prohibition against incest -

- Prohibits marriage between cousins

* Marriage usually happen when someone has turned adult/

Minimum Age -16

-18 < Boys>

* Way of marriage being conducted is different among the groups

-mostly depends on the ability of family’s economy.

Norms & Taboos During Pregnancy

2017-10-10 05:52:38 UTC

- Keeping both mother and baby’s good fitness

- Help in preventing and calamity

A ceremony of treating the stomach or “birayang ite” will be done to encourage the baby to grow well.

!! Only experience mildwife is invited to perform the ceremony

Taboos and Customs at Managing Death

icolajc_17 — 2017-10-10 05:54:11 UTC

* Upon death, the corpse's families and peers will visit him. Women will sing sad songs immediately called

“mpesan” which are the last words for the corpse.

*The corpse will be given a shower, spread with the oil, worn beautiful clothes and wrapped in new white cloth.

The body then is placed on a pandanus mat.

* A man will be ordered to dig the grave and bring the body into the grave. Burial will be conducted when all family members and relatives of the deceased are gathered.

2017-10-10 05:56:26 UTC

During pregnancy, the spouses are encouraged to practice these customs

2017-10-10 05:56:42 UTC

1.Avoid of stealing

2.Cannot eat deer

3.Cannot go out during the twilight

4.Disallowed to mix with anyone who has skin disease

5.Disallowed to clean or set up the drain

6.Disallowed to spike, tighten the band or clog any hole

7.Disallowed to dry the ponds

8.Disallowed to refold the mat, floor layers

Norms And Taboo Of The burial and After the death -:

2017-10-10 05:59:50 UTC

* Burial is done by a village resident who assigned the following works -:

- All the foods and placed near the body will removed.

- Mat will be clean and the floor is washed to remove the smell of the corpse dead body will be burned or ground to perform some traditions

- After the funeral, the deceased’s family members are not allowed to leave the house and not allowed to go down the field

- Mourning ceremony for the deceased.

2017-10-10 06:00:20 UTC

Economic activities (products)

2017-10-24 05:19:33 UTC

Traditionally, Bidayuh people worked rotational agriculture and hunting.
Rice farming is an important part of their culture and economy.
Fruit trees, especially durian, remain important property markers.
The bidayuh people are masters of handicraft, they produce a wide range of fine bamboo handicrafts ranging from baskets, mats to musical instrument.

Economy activities ( job/work)

2017-10-24 05:21:09 UTC

Job/Work

Traditionally, the bidayuhs were paddy farmer and majority of them who are still in a rural areas are still farming on their ancestral lands from 1960s they started planting cash crops such as rubber, pepper, cocoa and showed less concern for paddy. This is because the cash crops provide them with more cash which they need for their daily expenses. By the early 1970’s as more and more Bidayuhs were educated and as more of them were exposed to urbanisation, their preference had also shiffed to securing stable jobs in both the government and private sectors

2017-10-24 05:34:06 UTC

DEMOGRAPHIC OF SARAWAK: BIDAYUH PEOPLE

2017-10-24 05:39:01 UTC

- On the west end of Borneo, the Bidayuhs make up 8% of the population in Sarawak
- The hill counties of Lundu, Bau, Penrissen, Padawan, Siburan and Serian

- As other tribes were migrating into Sarawak and forming settlements including the Malays from the neighbouring archipelagos, the Bidayuhs retreated further inland, therefore earning them the name of "Land Dayaks" or "land owners".

Domination

2017-10-24 05:48:28 UTC

The Bidayuh Selako community totalling 352 people dominates the village population. Meanwhile, there are 150 residents of Chinese descendant in the village.

2017-10-24 05:56:20 UTC

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Taboos and Customs at Managing Death

xxhuwaina — 2020-10-22 20:33:27 UTC

* Upon death, the corpse's families and peers will visit him. Women will sing sad songs immediately called

“mpesan” which are the last words for the corpse.

*The corpse will be given a shower, spread with the oil, worn beautiful clothes and wrapped in new white cloth.