https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7 Made with good vibes en-us 2022-05-30 15:30:09 UTC 2025-12-14 02:59:23 UTC hello@padlet.com 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204806100 2022-05-30 15:30:52 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204806100 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204808324 a type of inheritance in which two alleles of the same gene are expressed separately to yield different traits in an individual ]]> 2022-05-30 15:33:12 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204808324 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204809793 phenotypic ratio of F2 generation
1 : 2 : 1 ]]> 2022-05-30 15:34:58 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204809793 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204813729 parents: pure breed white cow x pure breed red cow
 |        |     CR    | CR
 | CW | CR CW | CR CW
 | CW | CR CW | CR CW

F1 generation: all offspring = roan cow

 |       |    CR    | CW
 | CR | CR CR | CR CW
 | CW | CR CW | CW CW

F2 generation: 1 white : 2 roan : 1 red]]> 2022-05-30 15:39:08 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204813729 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204815410 a form of gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed
- often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype ]]> 2022-05-30 15:41:10 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204815410 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204816343 phenotypic ratio of F2 generation
1 : 2 : 1]]> 2022-05-30 15:42:23 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204816343 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204817853 2022-05-30 15:44:16 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204817853 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204820803 dominance is the phenomenon of one allele of a gene on a chromosome masking or overriding the effect of a different allele of the same gene on the other copy of the chromosome ]]> 2022-05-30 15:47:36 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204820803 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204824950 2022-05-30 15:52:17 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204824950 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204826359 alleles that cause an organism to die only when present in a homozygous condition ]]> 2022-05-30 15:53:56 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204826359 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204828681 when cross between 2 mice heterozygous for coat colour gene 
expected - 3 (75%) : 1 (25%) 
however dominant genotype is lethal 
ratio - 2/3 (heterozygous) : 1/3 (recessive) ]]> 2022-05-30 15:56:41 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204828681 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204833486 Manx cat (mutated) - M^L gene
expected ratio - 1 (homozygous) : 2 (heterozygous) : 1 (recessive)
double copy of M^L alleles = lethal
observed ratio - 2/3 Manx cat : 1/3 normal cat

]]> 2022-05-30 16:00:51 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204833486 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204852432 phenomenon in which a single locus affects two or more apparently unrelated phenotypic traits ]]> 2022-05-30 16:21:42 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204852432 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204856011 sickle cell anemia, Marfan syndrome, porphyria, and PKU are caused by mutations in a single gene (a different gene for each disease) but have multiple effects all over the body 

Marfan syndrome 
- single gene for fibrillin on chromosome 15 
- inherited disorder of the connective tissue that cause abnormalities of the patient's eye, cardiovascular system, and musculoskeletal system ]]> 2022-05-30 16:25:44 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204856011 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204936799 the set of functional association between genes 

a trait may need interaction between multiple genes -> more than one gene is responsible for the phenotype of the trait ]]> 2022-05-30 18:03:27 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204936799 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204938144 occurs in: 
1. whenever two or more loci interact to create new phenotypes 
2. whenever an allele at one locus masks the effects of alleles at one or more other loci
3. whenever an allele at one locus modifies the effects or alleles at one or more other loci ]]> 2022-05-30 18:05:13 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204938144 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204941013 2022-05-30 18:08:46 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204941013 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204945632 2022-05-30 18:14:31 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204945632 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204946799 precursor -> intermediate -> final product ]]> 2022-05-30 18:16:09 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204946799 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204949488 quantitative inheritance, where multiple independent genes have an additive or similar effect on a single quantitative trait ]]> 2022-05-30 18:19:37 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204949488 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204952309 discontinuous variation - characteristics fall into distinct groups (sometimes 2 forms of a characteristic) 
e.g. blood group, attached/detached earlobes, etc

continuous variation - characteristics which do not show clear cut differences (show a range of differences)
e.g. height, weight, eye colour, etc]]> 2022-05-30 18:23:26 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204952309 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204953470 2022-05-30 18:25:01 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204953470 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204954794 2022-05-30 18:26:43 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204954794 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204956156 genes that are likely to be inherited together because they are physically close to one another on the same chromosome 
more likely inherit together = breaking law of independent assortment

]]> 2022-05-30 18:28:39 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204956156 21009838_2 https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204964429 steps to determine the distance between genes on the chromosome: 
1. find out whether it is autosomal or sex-linked 
   - autosomal = affects both gender equally
   - sex-linked = gender biased, affects one gender
2. choose an autosomal with know mutation 
   - parents (wild type and double mutant) cross to form F1 
   - F1 self to form F2 = determine whether it is linked or not
3. test cross (if it is linked - not 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 ratio) 
    - F1 cross double mutant to form F2
    - F2 = determine whether it is linked or not, not 1 : 1 : 1 : 1\
    - use recombinant frequency to find the cM/distance of the gene
4. redo step 3 with a different gene (on the same chromosome)
- pinpointing frequency = more accurate, can tell the estimation of where exactly the gene is located ]]> 2022-05-30 18:39:31 UTC https://padlet.com/21009838_2/brw8xi9gcsrosyj7/wish/2204964429