California Desert Timeline by Asma Mahdi https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k Pink = Social and civil rights events \\ Green = Conservation events. /// To add an event to the timeline: (1) Click on the " + " button on the timeline. (2) Enter the event's title and description. (3) Use the three dots in the editing dialog box to add media (photo, article, podcast, etc). (4) Change the color of the event after it has been created /// To edit an existing event: (1) Log-in to Padlet. You will need to create an account or log-in to your existing account to make edits. (2) Navigate to and click on the three dots in the upper right hand corner of the event you would like edit. (3) Click on "Edit Post" and begin editing. (4) The edits will save automatically when you click outside the editing box. en-us 2021-04-16 17:49:54 UTC 2023-01-20 16:51:23 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f335.png 1862: Homestead Act (US) asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426597104 Allowed certain “citizens” ability to claim land for ownership at the expense of forced migration and genocide of Native people. Excluded people of certain races and ethnicities from participating.]]> 2021-04-16 17:55:36 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426597104 1850: Act for the Government and Protection of Indians asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426604401 Law that made it illegal to be Native in public unless working for a white person. Codified forced slavery of native people. Banned cultural burning (prescribed burning)]]> 2021-04-16 17:57:13 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426604401 1887: The Dawes Act (US) asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426608554 Decreed that Indian Reservation land was to be divided into plots and allocated to individual Native Americans. These plots could not be sold for 25 years, but reservation land left over after the distribution of allotments could be sold to outsiders.]]> 2021-04-16 17:58:11 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426608554 Early 1900s (CA) asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426612557 Start of Owens Valley Water Wars]]> 2021-04-16 17:59:05 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426612557 1882: Passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act (US) asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426615649 The exclusionary legislation was a rebuke to a people who had in many ways built California.]]> 2021-04-16 17:59:49 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426615649 1890: Jim Crow segregation and redlining asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426621350 Forced people of color to live in certain areas.]]> 2021-04-16 18:01:04 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426621350 1920’s and 1930’s: Establishment of racial covenants asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426625440 “Said premises shall not be rented, leased, or conveyed to, or occupied by, any person other than of the white or Caucasian race."]]> 2021-04-16 18:01:59 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426625440 1962: Palm Springs burns down Black neighborhood (CA) asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426637470 1,000s of residents of Section 14  downtown were summarily evicted and their homes deliberately burned by city officials]]> 2021-04-16 18:04:41 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426637470 1948: Ruling on racial covenants asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426643305 Following activism from black Americans, the US Supreme Court unanimously ruled racial covenants unenforceable, however the language remains to this day.]]> 2021-04-16 18:06:00 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426643305 1953: Termination of all California Indian tribes (CA) asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426654748 In 1953, House Concurrent Resolution 108 declared that all recognized tribes in California were terminated. ]]> 2021-04-16 18:08:39 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426654748 1965: Grape strike in Coachella Valley (CA) asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426658214 After decades of Anti-Filipino racism and fed up with working for $1.25 per hour or $1.10 per box, a group led by Filipino Larry Itliong called the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee
(AWOC) AFL-CIO, decided to strike.


]]> 2021-04-16 18:09:26 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426658214 1968: The Fair Housing Act (US) asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426665005 Outlawed racial covenants altogether.]]> 2021-04-16 18:11:02 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426665005 1964: Wilderness Act (US) asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426673896 2021-04-16 18:13:09 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426673896 1964: Civil Rights Act asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426678259 The most comprehensive civil rights legislation ever enacted by Congress. It contained extensive measures to dismantle Jim Crow segregation and combat racial discrimination.]]> 2021-04-16 18:14:13 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426678259 November 1968: “The California Desert, a Preliminary Study” asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426684999 is published by CA BLM under Russ Penny’s leadership.]]> 2021-04-16 18:15:11 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426684999 1968: Memphis Sanitation Strike asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426691967 First environmental justice activism document: Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. investigated an environmental injustice incident and advocated for better working conditions and pay for striking Memphis, Tennessee, garbage workers.]]> 2021-04-16 18:16:02 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426691967 1965: Voting Rights Act asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426706223 Removed barriers to black enfranchisement in the South, banning poll taxes, literacy tests, and other measures that effectively prevented African Americans from voting]]> 2021-04-16 18:17:53 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426706223 1930s Filipino communities driven out (CA) asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426711266 Anti Filipino racism forces families to leave the Inland Empire.]]> 2021-04-16 18:19:11 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426711266 1930s: Mass deportation of Mexican-Americans (US) asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426722015  About 60 percent of the hundreds of thousands of people deported were US citizens.


]]> 2021-04-16 18:21:38 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426722015 1947: Wildlife Conservation Law asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426726740 Establishes the Wildlife Conservation Board, baking in mechanisms for land acquisition in the name of conservation and habitat protection


]]> 2021-04-16 18:22:52 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426726740 1970: CEQA and NEQA (US) asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426900736 Passage of NEPA and CEQA]]> 2021-04-16 19:10:08 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426900736 1975: the Indian Self-Determination and Educational Assistance Act (US) asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426903194 1975 directs the U.S. federal government to assure the maximum participation of Indigenous people in programs affecting Indigenous communities, and to support tribes in developing strong tribal governments.]]> 2021-04-16 19:10:51 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426903194 December 1980: Final Desert Plan adopted (CA) asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426906634 2021-04-16 19:11:55 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426906634 1983: Tillie Hardwick v. United States (CA) asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426907992 Reversed terminations of 17 small California rancherias, starting wave of similar suits]]> 2021-04-16 19:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426907992 February 1986: Desert Bill introduced (US) asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426910799 First version of the Desert Bill introduced in Senate]]> 2021-04-16 19:13:15 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426910799 1988: African-American Neighborhood bulldozed in Indio (CA) asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426912657 Middle-class African-American neighborhood (Nobles Ranch) in Indio bulldozed for failed development project]]> 2021-04-16 19:13:50 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426912657 October 31, 1994: CA Desert Protection Act signed (CA) asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426926000 President Clinton signs the CA Desert Protection Act.]]> 2021-04-16 19:17:49 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426926000 2003: Establishment of ICE Detention Centers (CA) asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426930282 CA currently has 7 centers including one in Adelanto. ]]> 2021-04-16 19:19:05 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426930282 2008: asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426949631 2008: California State Rep. De La Torre introduced a bill that would have removed deeds' racist language every time a home was sold.. It passed in the legislature, but was vetoed by Gov. Schwarzenegger because of the paperwork and “headaches” it would cause. ]]> 2021-04-16 19:25:01 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426949631 Ongoing/2000’s: asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426954669 Salton Sea became an undeniable health hazard especially to local communities; ]]> 2021-04-16 19:26:26 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426954669 2009-2016: Solar PEIS and DRECP designate eastern Riverside County as solar development zone asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426956846 2009-2016: Solar PEIS and DRECP designate eastern Riverside County as solar development zone despite fierce opposition from tribes  ]]> 2021-04-16 19:27:04 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426956846 2011: Jerry Brown Executive Order establishing Tribal consultation asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426960896 2021-04-16 19:28:15 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426960896 2018 Decision by state water board decides not to continue filling up the Salton Sea asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426962920 Water was diverted to coastal communities instead]]> 2021-04-16 19:28:51 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426962920 March 2019: Designation of the Alabama Hills National Scenic Area asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426965464 2021-04-16 19:29:37 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426965464 September 2016: Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426967299 2021-04-16 19:30:12 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426967299 2021: AB 379 asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426968963 Would authorize the department to also enter into agreements to preserve fish and wildlife habitat with a California Native American tribe, would authorize the board to make grants or loans to California Native American tribes for various purposes in connection with fish and wildlife habitats, and would exempt California Native American tribes from certain provisions around the sale or transfer of conservation lands ]]> 2021-04-16 19:30:41 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426968963 2020 The great “Awakening” around racial justice (US) asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426971359 The great “Awakening” around racial justice in the U.S. Murder of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor and many other Black Americans killed at the hands of police sparked protests. Incident in NY’s Central Park where a Black birder was threatened by a white woman showed the nexus between race and the environmental communit]]> 2021-04-16 19:31:25 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426971359 2016: Standing Rock asma49 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426975484 Standing Rock protests around DAPL 2016-17]]> 2021-04-16 19:32:31 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1426975484 1908 - Town of Allensworth Founded in Tulare Co. https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585706736 First town in California established exclusively by Black Americans. 
https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/history-allensworth-california-1908/

https://www.kqed.org/news/11727455/black-farmworkers-in-the-central-valley-escaping-jim-crow-for-a-subtler-kind-of-racism

]]> 2021-06-04 16:28:58 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585706736 1926: Founding of Murray's Dude Ranch in Apple Valley cclarke159 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585708682 Vacation site for African-American people (later integrated) offers refuge from racism for travelers. Lasted until 1960s.

]]> 2021-06-04 16:29:43 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585708682 1865, 13th Amendment https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585710146 Slavery, bondage and servitude still "legal" under the terms of crime and incarceration

]]> 2021-06-04 16:30:09 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585710146 Rodney King Verdict -Jury Acquits 4 LAPD officers in savage beating of Rodney King, causing permanent brain damage. LA County uprisings, including much smaller events in Riverside and San Bernardino. King ultimately moves to Rialto, and passed away in 2012. Many families ultimately move from LA to surrounding areas. https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585710657 1992]]> 2021-06-04 16:30:22 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585710657 Death by hanging of Robert Fuller and Malcolm Harsch in high deserts https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585714952 2021-06-04 16:31:57 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585714952 1994 Crime Bill https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585715807 Massive increase in arrests and prolonged incarceration time]]> 2021-06-04 16:32:18 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585715807 Expanded: 1962: Palm Springs burns down Black neighborhood (CA) cclarke159 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585717367 1,000s of residents of Section 14  downtown were summarily evicted and their homes deliberately burned by city officials]]> 2021-06-04 16:32:54 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585717367 1921 - Tulsa Massacre https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585717740 2021-06-04 16:33:02 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585717740 Expanded: 1988: African-American Neighborhood bulldozed in Indio (CA) cclarke159 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585721424 Middle-class African-American neighborhood (Nobles Ranch) in Indio bulldozed for failed development project]]> 2021-06-04 16:34:27 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585721424 1865 - Black Roots of Memorial Day huixola https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585721442 "The earliest recorded observation occurred on May 1st 1865 in Charleston, SC when 250-257 dead Union Soldiers who had been buried in a mass grave in a Confederate prison camp were honored. Lead by freedmen (former enslaved Africans), they dug up the bodies and worked for 2 weeks to give them a proper burial as gratitude for fighting for their freedom." - This is quite impactful as we have a large community of military folks and veterans in the Morongo Basin. ]]> 2021-06-04 16:34:28 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585721442 1921 Tulsa Massacre (Expanded) lokeeffe3 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585723566 Black Americans had established a prosperous, self-contained community within Tulsa. After a disputed incident, a large group of white residents, some deputized by local law enforcement, burned down 35 blocks of homes and businesses in the Black community and killed a still-unknown number of residents. For decades the massacre was referred to as a "race riot," and only decades later was it acknowledged as a massacre. Since then, no meaningful reparations have been made.
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/01/podcasts/the-daily/tulsa-race-massacre-centenary.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/20/us/tulsa-massacre-survivors.html]]> 2021-06-04 16:35:14 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585723566 1909 Willie Boy, a Chemehuevi man, killed after massive man hunt. codyhanford https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585724459 Coachella vigilantes chased him throughout the desert. Was referred to as the "last hurrah of the Wild West." ]]> 2021-06-04 16:35:34 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585724459 Derek Chauvin conviction jennybinstock https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585728384 2021-06-04 16:36:59 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585728384 1910: Six African American families found town of Dunbar in east Mojave cclarke159 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585731348 2021-06-04 16:38:08 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585731348 Lawsuit launched against Lancaster and Palmdale of racially-charged biases against Section 8 housing recipients jennybinstock https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585739522 2021-06-04 16:41:14 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585739522 Death by hanging of Robert Fuller and Malcolm Harsch in high deserts jennybinstock https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585742984 2021-06-04 16:42:26 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585742984 2021 - Xaviera Simmons for Desert X huixola https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585743540 Simmons created a work that occupies a series of billboards on Gene Autry Trail, and its foundational ingredients are reverence, resistance, and the redistribution of tangible material resources. Because You Know Ultimately We Will Band a Militia engages American mythmaking through our visual consumption, production, and embodiment via the resistance structures and counter narratives that have always been crafted as radical responses alongside the continual production of these mythmaking narratives.

]]> 2021-06-04 16:42:38 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585743540 1849: Economic arguments prompt California to enter US as free state cclarke159 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585748867 Gold Rush prospectors feared competition from owners of enslaved people. "The Monterey delegates who made California a free state did so largely on the basis of the mining economy. They did not extend civil rights to California's African Americans or Native Americans. Both groups were denied the right to vote and the right to testify in court. One delegate had even rallied substantial support for banning blacks from California altogether, but the provision was dropped from the constitution. In 1852 California passed its own version of the Fugitive Slave Law, allowing white slave owners to reclaim escaped black slaves."

]]> 2021-06-04 16:44:43 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585748867 Antelope Valley high school drops confederate mascot jennybinstock https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585752744 2021-06-04 16:46:09 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585752744 June 2021 lokeeffe3 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585755076 Black Lives Matter monument unveiled in Sacramento's Oak Park neighborhood.
https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article251779093.html

https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article251779093.html]]> 2021-06-04 16:47:02 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585755076 1965: Watts Uprising cclarke159 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585764001 August 11 to 16]]> 2021-06-04 16:50:28 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585764001 JoraFogg https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585781660 2021-06-04 16:56:36 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1585781660 1964 California Proposition 14 cclarke159 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1586172117 65% of California voters approve initiative allowing housing discrimination on the basis of race. Struck down in 1966 as unconstitutional by the California supreme court, decision upheld by SCOTUS in 1967.]]> 2021-06-04 19:52:51 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1586172117 October 21, 1976 Federal Lands Management Policy Act https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1615160208 Established the California Desert Conservation Area in Sec. 601.]]> 2021-06-19 02:11:03 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1615160208 Creation of the modern day Salton Sea jennybinstock https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652831712 2021-07-16 16:29:43 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652831712 GM signs contract to mine lithium from Salton Sea https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652832123 2021-07-16 16:30:18 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652832123 QSA re: Salton Sea jennybinstock https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652832856 2021-07-16 16:31:21 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652832856 Incarceration of Japanese Americans at Manzanar concentration camp lcrane17 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652834274 The U.S. Government incarcerated more than 120,000 Japanese Americans at the Manazanar Concentration Camp during WWII from March 1942 to November 1945. It is located in the Owens Valley at the foot of the  Sierra Nevada mountains. Manzanar was offically closed on November 21, 1945. It was the sixth camp to be closed. Camp officials gave each person $25 and a one-way bus or train fare. They also gave meals to people that had less than $600. Although some people left the camp voluntarily, many people refused to leave because they had no place to go after having lost their homes. ]]> 2021-07-16 16:33:23 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652834274 2021: Newsom approves funds for relocation of residents from Oasis Mobile Home Park jennybinstock https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652835219 2021-07-16 16:34:43 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652835219 2011 Mecca waste incinerator poisons neighborhoods https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652835375 2021-07-16 16:34:57 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652835375 1999 Duroville established on Torres Martinez rez https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652839495 2021-07-16 16:40:38 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652839495 2013: duroville shut down https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652840138 2021-07-16 16:41:29 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652840138 moisescisneros https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652843313 Forcible assimilation of indigenous children + mass burial graves found; investigation continues

]]> 2021-07-16 16:45:13 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652843313 November 2019: ECV EJ activists and public lands activists defeat Paradise Valley development https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652843551 2021-07-16 16:45:26 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652843551 2021: Imperial County has highest COVID death rate in California https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652843692 2021-07-16 16:45:37 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652843692 Yuhaaviatam, or “People of the Pines” Creation Story lcrane17 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652843835 2021-07-16 16:45:50 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652843835 Purepecha people begin to migrate from Mexico to Mecca jennybinstock https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652845302 2021-07-16 16:47:51 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652845302 First Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival jennybinstock https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652848885 2021-07-16 16:52:28 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652848885 Morongo Indian Reservation Created lcrane17 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652850522 Established in 1865,  the Morongo Indian Reservation was one of nine small reservations created by President Ulysses S. Grant by executive order in 1876.]]> 2021-07-16 16:54:38 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652850522 Morongo Indian Reservation opened bingo hall. lcrane17 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652856012 In 1983, the path of Morongo’s future changed when tribal members started a modest bingo hall. From this building evolved one of the oldest and most successful Indian gaming facilities in California. The present $250 million destination which opened in late 2004, the Morongo Casino, Resort & Spa, is one of the largest tribal gaming facilities in the nation.]]> 2021-07-16 17:02:49 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652856012 1780s: Maara’yam (Serrano) people decimated by disease and forced from villages lcrane17 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652858378 The way of life was forever changed for the Maara’yam (Serrano)  beginning in the 1780s, as their people in the Antelope Valley and Mojave Desert regions were decimated by European diseases and forced from their villages and conscripted into the San Gabriel Mission in order to provide unpaid labor to Spain. Many Maara’yam (Serrano) were involuntarily marched to the Asistencia in Redlands, which served as an outpost of the San Gabriel Mission, to build the Mill Creek Zanja, which later permitted the citrus industry and other agricultural pursuits to flourish in this portion of Serrano territory. 

Agricultural pursuits irreversibly changed the natural world the Maara’yam depended on for their sustenance and ceremony and pushed Serrano people out of the most fertile lands.  Life in the missions was also very destructive to Native families.  Life expectancy was very short and cultural traditions, including the use of indigenous languages, were banned. When practiced, our ancestors were punished and beaten.    
]]> 2021-07-16 17:06:22 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652858378 1866 attack of the Yuhaaviatam in Big Bear Valley lcrane17 https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652860250 The Yuhaaviatam (Serrano @ Big Bear) were attacked by a California state government-sanctioned militia in their homeland of Big Bear Valley during a 32-day campaign in 1866.  Most of their people were mercilessly killed in the name of American expansion and resource extraction.  Less than 30 members of the clan survived this massacre.   ]]> 2021-07-16 17:09:21 UTC https://padlet.com/asma49/bql8s3web4jnwb2k/wish/1652860250