https://padlet.com/mschachter051_1/bpzy8os0bjcrenjd unit 8 level 3 en-us 2021-05-06 15:27:31 UTC 2025-10-09 10:23:00 UTC hello@padlet.com mschachter051_1 https://padlet.com/mschachter051_1/bpzy8os0bjcrenjd/wish/1498710938 The decolonization of India is an example of negotiated independence rather than armed resistance. By the year 1920 Gandhi had already guided India's national congress in the Indian independence movement. India had been under the imperialist rule of Britain. Gandhi was a major contributor to the peacefulness of this negotiated independence due to his commitment to non-violence and dedication to acts of mere civil disobedience. He led a long campaign of many non violent events which ended up being successful. This was in part due to the fact that after WWII the British were poverty stricken and tired from the war and no longer had the means in terms of power and resources to maintain control over India. This resulted in the 1974 independence which occurred through negotiation. Also, India had a Muslim population (it was a minority group) and when Indians were thinking about achieving their independence the Muslims banded together and formed a religious organization that is known as the Muslim league in the year 1906. One of the major goals of this league was to advocate for their own independent state for Muslims in India. In 1947 when India gained independence they achieved their goal of establishing the nation of Pakistan which was now existent and in north India. ]]> 2021-05-06 15:33:42 UTC https://padlet.com/mschachter051_1/bpzy8os0bjcrenjd/wish/1498710938 mschachter051_1 https://padlet.com/mschachter051_1/bpzy8os0bjcrenjd/wish/1498731877 ***This is JULIA's I was confused about it so she sent it to me and I wanted to add it on here for study purposes***

Early 1900's: The region of Israel Palestine was under Ottoman control. There was a developing Palestinian nationalism as well as Zionist support. Jews saw the region of Israel Palestine as a chance at safety as well as a state for their nation. A huge migration of European Jews to Palestine in the late 1800's through early 1900's  came as a result. After the collapse of the Ottoman empire in WWI, Britain and France divided up the Middle East, Palestine would be under British Influence until 1948. As more Jews arrived, tensions between Arabs and Jews escalated, and Britain ended up limiting Jewish immigration by the 1930's. In response, Jewish militias formed to fight Arabs and resist British rule. The Holocaust left many more European Jews looking to flee, as well as an increased support for a Jewish state. In 1947, the UN divided British Palestine into two separate states, Israel being for Jews, and Palestine for Arabs, with Jerusalem existing as an international zone, due to the holy sites. Arabs opposed to this plan as they saw it as European colonialism trying to gain more land., and declared war in 1948(Arab-Israeli War) to create a unified Palestine without British influence. Israel won the war, expanded past the borders put in place by the UN, including taking the western half of Jerusalem. They also took much of the land that was supposed to be Palestine, and expelled large amounts of Palestinians from their homes, forming a huge refugee population. This started the conflict, and cause Jews in Arab majority countries to emigrate or were expelled. In 1967, the Six-Day War was fought between Israel and neighboring Arab states which resulted in Israel gaining the Golan Heights from Syria, the West Bank from Jordan, as well as Sinai and Gaza from Egypt (this meant Israel had control over all of the Palestinian territories, including all of Jerusalem).  In 1978, Israel gave Sinai by to Egypt as part of the peace treaty following the signing of the U.S. broker Camp David Accords. Over the next few decades, Arab states gradually made peace with Israel, however the conflict would continue as Israeli forces would prevent Palestine becoming a unified state. ]]> 2021-05-06 15:37:36 UTC https://padlet.com/mschachter051_1/bpzy8os0bjcrenjd/wish/1498731877 mschachter051_1 https://padlet.com/mschachter051_1/bpzy8os0bjcrenjd/wish/1498746687 (Decolonization through armed conflict)
In mid 1900s Algerians rose up against their french colonizers. France didn't receive this well as they just lost Indochina and were not willing to lose Algeria. That caused the french to create strict laws and use violence to counteract these uprisings. Nationalism continued to increase within the country and in 1954 the Algerian war for independence started. The Algerians formed he National liberation front and used Guerilla warfare. This war became very brutal on both sides. This violence spread into France itself and caused division in France about whether Algeria should be freed. (the communist party supported their freedom). In 1958 the french ruler organized the plan for their independence.]]> 2021-05-06 15:40:25 UTC https://padlet.com/mschachter051_1/bpzy8os0bjcrenjd/wish/1498746687 mschachter051_1 https://padlet.com/mschachter051_1/bpzy8os0bjcrenjd/wish/1504106137 This is an example of negotiated independence rather than armed resistance. Since the 1800s France had control over these colonies but they did this using only very little military occupation which forced the french to stay on top by relying on and coming to agreements with the local governments. But, when these relationships were no longer sustainable and began to fall apart France could no longer stay in charge and apart from providing a large amount of resources to them they came to an independence agreement in most of these areas by 1959.]]> 2021-05-07 21:09:55 UTC https://padlet.com/mschachter051_1/bpzy8os0bjcrenjd/wish/1504106137 mschachter051_1 https://padlet.com/mschachter051_1/bpzy8os0bjcrenjd/wish/1504448465 (An example of negotiated independence)
They were a british colony and went through a decolonization similar to that of India. Ghana was born in 1957. It was then ran by a nationalistic leader who constructed a national narrative that included the glory of the past and the strength and well being of the current time like what was done in Europe and America. He made this narrative concrete through flags, statues, and national songs. ]]> 2021-05-08 01:41:34 UTC https://padlet.com/mschachter051_1/bpzy8os0bjcrenjd/wish/1504448465 mschachter051_1 https://padlet.com/mschachter051_1/bpzy8os0bjcrenjd/wish/1504462913 (through armed conflict)
Vietnam was a french colony and post world war 2 a few things occurred in Vietnam.
1)Frances occupation of Vietnam was expelled 
2)But, almost immediately following France returned to station in the southern portion. 
In the north a communist government was established and they wanted to get rid of the frencch fully and be the centralized government within one unified vietnam. The communist party started the vietnamese war for independence that came to a close in 1954 with vietnam being split into 2 countries south and north vietnam with opposing political views which led to another war (proxy war).]]> 2021-05-08 01:56:07 UTC https://padlet.com/mschachter051_1/bpzy8os0bjcrenjd/wish/1504462913 mschachter051_1 https://padlet.com/mschachter051_1/bpzy8os0bjcrenjd/wish/1504470261 (armed decolonization)
It had technically been independent since 1922 but British troops remained stationed there to protect their interest in Suez canal which was important to trade. then, post WWII it was overthrown again and the Republic of Egypt was formed. France and Britain all wanted special access to the canal which felt oppressive so it was nationalized. This caused the Suez crisis a mass conflict for access which was settled by the UN who made it international waters. ]]> 2021-05-08 02:03:35 UTC https://padlet.com/mschachter051_1/bpzy8os0bjcrenjd/wish/1504470261 mschachter051_1 https://padlet.com/mschachter051_1/bpzy8os0bjcrenjd/wish/1504475398 In 1960 Nigerians made a deal for independence from Britain. However in 1967 a civil war started about who would rule it once it was free and independent. The igbos, a westernized christian group from the south tried to leave and form Biafra. This was resisted violently due to the oil in this area which was valued by the northerners. The north won in 1970 and united nigeria. ]]> 2021-05-08 02:09:07 UTC https://padlet.com/mschachter051_1/bpzy8os0bjcrenjd/wish/1504475398 mschachter051_1 https://padlet.com/mschachter051_1/bpzy8os0bjcrenjd/wish/1504479162 Quebec was a colony of france which had a significant amount of french culture imbedded within it. But, the british had control of most of canada as of the 1700s so there was a clear division between french catholics of quebec and british protestants all around the rest of the country. Many movements arose to create a seperate country of quebec but they all failed. In the 1960s quebecs liberal party gained power and growing nationalism occurred which led to a violent flare up in 1963 which was made up of a series of terrorist bombings. However this failed.]]> 2021-05-08 02:13:19 UTC https://padlet.com/mschachter051_1/bpzy8os0bjcrenjd/wish/1504479162