Species: A group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring.

Evolution: The process in which inherited characteristics within a population change over generations such that new species sometimes arise.

Fossil: The trace or remains of an organism that lived log ago, most commonly preserved in sedimentary rock.

Fossil record: A historical sequence of life indicated by fossils found in layers of the earth's crust.

Trait: A genetically determined characteristic.

Selective breeding: The human practice of breeding animals or plants that have certain desired traits.

Natural selection: The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do; a theory to explain the mechanism of evolution.

REVIEW QUESTIONS

1. Members of the same species can mate with one another to produce offspring.

2. An adaptation helps an organism survive.

3. When populations change over time, evolution has occurred.

4. A

5. Because the oldest fossil is under and the newest is above ground and has changed sizes/color.

6. They provide proof of how similar the whales are to their ancestors.

7. Whales are way bigger than fish and have ancestors that used to be ON land.

8. A person's DNA is more likely to be more similar to their biological parents because the parents created the child.

9. Most likely, layer b's ancestors would be layer c because layer c is deeper underground.

   SECTION 2 OF REVIEW QUESTIONS

   1. A trait is a characteristic or something you get from your parents or your ancestors.

   2. The ladybug is not part of the natural selection in a spider web, so the scientists used selective breeding to make the ladybug more resistant.

   3. A

   4. Darwin found that the animals had similarities, but a lot of different adaptations. He took this proof and did more research into it.

   5. Darwin developed an idea that the offspring of the survivors inherit traits that help the offspring survive in their environment and had begun to think that species evolve over time. He developed this idea because of Malthus's book about populations. Lyell's book supported Darwin's thinking because it had shown proof that the world was old enough for slow changes.

   6. 1. Each species produces a lot of offspring so that at least one of them can survive and reproduce.

      2. Individuals have slightly different traits which makes them better or worse at different things.

      3. Within a population, the individuals fight for limited good food and resources.

      4. The more individuals adapt to their environment, the more likely they are to survive in their environment.

   7. Darwin lacked knowledge of how organisms inherited traits, but he knew that they did somehow.

   8. Average: 380 beetles

   9. An individual's ancestors

   10. The organism will adapt/ get used to the land. Species will adapt traits that'll help them survive. The species will go through natural selection.