46

the end of the Chinese civil war• Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi):

Identify and compare contemporary political boundaries with the locations of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. (WHII.1d)

Nationalist China (island of Taiwan)• Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong):

Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. (WHII.1e)

Communist China (mainland China)• Continuing conflict between the two

Chinas
• Communist China’s participation in

Korean War

War
• Vietnam as a reunited communist

country today

World leaders made major contributions to events in the second half of the twentieth century.

What roles did Indira Gandhi, Margaret Thatcher, Mikhail Gorbachev, and Deng Xiaoping play in major events in the second half of the twentieth century?

• Closer relationship between India and the Soviet Union during the Cold War

Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about events and life in world history. (WHII.1a)

47

• Developed nuclear program

regulation of business
• Close relationship with United States

and U.S. foreign policy
• Assertion of United Kingdom’s

military power

• Reformed Communist China’s economy to a market economy leading to rapid economic growth

• Continued communist control of government

resistance
• Political division along Hindu-Muslim lines —

Pakistan/India
• Republic of India

states

• Jawaharlal Nehru, a close associate of Gandhi, supported western-style industrialization.

• 1950 Constitution sought to prohibit caste discrimination.

• Ethnic and religious differences caused problems in the development of India as a democratic nation.

• New economic development has helped to ease financial problems of the nation.

The charter of the United Nations guaranteed colonial populations the right to self-determination. Independence movements in Africa challenged European imperialism.

Why did independence movements in Africa gain success after World War II?

• Right to self-determination (U.N. charter)

Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and to interpret the past. (WHII.1b)

What was Jomo Kenyatta’s leadership role in Kenya?

• Peaceful and violent revolutions after World War II

What was Nelson Mandela’s leadership role in South Africa?

• Pride in African cultures and heritage• Resentment of imperial rule and

Identify and compare contemporary political boundaries with the locations of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. (WHII.1d)

49

economic exploitation
• Loss of colonies by Great Britain,

France, Belgium, and Portugal; influence of superpower rivalry during the Cold War

The charter of the United Nations guaranteed colonial populations the right to self-determination. Independence movements in Africa challenged European imperialism.

Why did independence movements in Africa gain success after World War II?

• Right to self-determination (U.N. charter)

Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and to interpret the past. (WHII.1b)

What was Jomo Kenyatta’s leadership role in Kenya?

• Peaceful and violent revolutions after World War II

What was Nelson Mandela’s leadership role in South Africa?

• Pride in African cultures and heritage• Resentment of imperial rule and

Identify and compare contemporary political boundaries with the locations of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. (WHII.1d)

49

economic exploitation
• Loss of colonies by Great Britain,

France, Belgium, and Portugal; influence of superpower rivalry during the Cold War

France
• Kenya (Britain): Violent struggle

under leadership of Jomo Kenyatta• South Africa: Black South Africans’

struggle against apartheid led by Nelson Mandela, who became the first black president of the Republic of South Africa

France
• Kenya (Britain): Violent struggle

under leadership of Jomo Kenyatta• South Africa: Black South Africans’

struggle against apartheid led by Nelson Mandela, who became the first black president of the Republic of South Africa