After the First World War, the United States of America was the main world producer and exporter of raw materials, industrial and food products, but the great indebtedness that the main nations reached with that country caused the European bloc to suspend purchases from power, so it had nowhere to put the surplus production given the drop in sales abroad.

Some authors affirm that it was a consequence of low consumption, rather than overproduction; that is, the problem was not excess supply, but rather the reduction in demand: when consumption levels are low, not everything that is produced is acquired.

On Black Tuesday, 29 October, 16 million shares were sold on the Stock Market in Wall Street and the US economy collapsed completely.

In 1920, people became attracted to investments during World War I due to the government started selling war bonds, they were more interested because they saw wealthy people making huge profits from buying and selling shares, they borrowed money to buy shares and then held on to them until they were worth more than the debt. Then they sold the shares, paid off the original debt and made a profit.

Consequences of the Wall Street Crash
The Wall Street Crash had consequences in the short, medium and longer term. In the days that followed the crash there was a banking crisis. Banks themselves were investors and they suffered as the stockmarket prices spiralled downwards. Many banks closed, lots of them permanently. This led to savers losing money and access to what was left being restricted. Overall, there was great misery.
On October 18, the market went into freefall and a rush to buy shares gave way to an equally wild rush to sell. The first day of true panic, October 24, is known as Black Thursday; A record 12.9 million shares were traded that day as investors scrambled to salvage their losses.
People struggled to buy basic goods, such as food and clothing.

The number of deaths directly linked to starvation increased during the Depression, and many other illnesses and deaths were related to a lack of nutrition.

Internal: in the United States, North American investors invest all their life savings since, with little money, great fortunes could be amassed; they began to buy through loans, but without sufficient guarantees or means to pay; loan officers went to their bank and handed out unsecured loan slips, banks went to the Federal Reserve for gold, but with no demand, investors ran out of money to pay their loans, and banks couldn't pay to the Federal Reserve, which ran out of capital, and the banks became indebted to the country; investors indebted to the banks are forced to sell and the stock market suffers a significant decline, with countries losing a large part of their gold reserves due to inflation.

External: excessive supply and very little demand caused indebtedness and deflation that made countries take drastic measures to cover their indebtedness; European countries ask for money, especially from the US after the war, due to reconstruction. The public debt of France multiplied by 6.5, that of Great Britain by 11 and that of Germany by 27.

At noon, a horse-drawn wagon passed through the crowd and parked in front of the Morgan Bank offices at 23 Wall Street, on the busiest corner of the financial district. Inside there was 45 kg of dynamite that exploded with a clockwork mechanism. The horse and cart flew through the air to pieces, killing more than 30 people almost instantly. Most of the victims were clerks, messengers, stenographers, and Stock Exchange employees, and it destroyed the Morgan Bank building facilities. 

 

Leidy Peña
Andres Patiño
Nicoll Rodríguez
Lorena Sarta

In the modern period the civilization changed a lot of, and one of the biggest change was the social divisions where we can found a new order; because this the sports were really different between the nobility and the common people; the nobility practiced: fencing, horseback riding, hunting, archery, swimming, bowling; on the other hand, the common people used to practice racing, wrestling, weightlifting, Soule, hurling, golf, ice hockey, cricket.

-Music
The modern era has been a period of massive technological and sociopolitical change, largely brought about by the advancement of technology through cars, airplanes, spaceships, and telephones, radio, television, the Internet, etc.). There have been wars, including two major world wars that dramatically affected every aspect of life in Europe and America between 1914 in World War I and 1939 in World War II.
This period has been one of turbulent changes in musical style and taste. Many modern "art music" composers have explored non-traditional sounds and based their music on rhythm, texture, and tone color, rather than the more traditional aspects of melody and harmony. Modern technological advances have brought about changes in musical style and have broadened our knowledge of the music of other cultures, accelerating listeners, composers and performers to a wide range of musical tastes.

Modernist music refers to music written in the European tradition (or classical music), drawn roughly between 1910 and 1975. It was preceded by Romantic and post-Romantic music, and succeeded by contemporary classical music.
Some characteristics of the music in the modernism are Incorporating unusual metrics, Use of unusual timbres, Increased use of modal scales, Use of polytonal harmony, Partial or total abandonment of tonality, Exploration of extended techniques, Inclusion of experimental instruments or sounds in the composition.

 Modernist Music Composers
These are some of the most outstanding modernist music composers.
Arnold Schönberg (1874 – 1951, Austria)
Igor Stravinsky (1882 – 1971, Russia)
Anton Webern (1883 – 1945, Austria)
Serguéi Prokófiev (1891 – 1953, Russia)
Aaron Copland (1900 – 1990,USA)
Dimitri Shostakovich (1906 – 1975, Russia)
John Cage (1912 – 1992, USA)