https://padlet.com/fisherimogen4/bnc3z6tbgvo3d51t Pathophysiology - factors affecting gaseous exchange en-us 2020-10-16 14:15:48 UTC 2024-07-30 07:48:01 UTC hello@padlet.com bateyi https://padlet.com/fisherimogen4/bnc3z6tbgvo3d51t/wish/837485651 2020-10-17 09:00:59 UTC https://padlet.com/fisherimogen4/bnc3z6tbgvo3d51t/wish/837485651 bateyi https://padlet.com/fisherimogen4/bnc3z6tbgvo3d51t/wish/837485786 Surface Area- surfactant on the alveoli increases surface area, meaning gaseous exchange is more efficient.

Partial Pressure- When ventilation is sufficient, oxygen enters the alveoli at a high rate, and the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli remains high. In contrast, when ventilation is insufficient, the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli drops. Without the large difference in partial pressure between the alveoli and the blood, oxygen does not diffuse efficiently across the respiratory membrane. ]]> 2020-10-17 09:01:16 UTC https://padlet.com/fisherimogen4/bnc3z6tbgvo3d51t/wish/837485786 fisherimogen4 https://padlet.com/fisherimogen4/bnc3z6tbgvo3d51t/wish/842301727
Chronic respiratory conditions, such as COPD, can be affected by surface area. To be particular, emphysema allows the alveolar spaces to be destroyed which further reduces the surface area available for effective gas exchange.]]> 2020-10-19 18:19:12 UTC https://padlet.com/fisherimogen4/bnc3z6tbgvo3d51t/wish/842301727 fisherimogen4 https://padlet.com/fisherimogen4/bnc3z6tbgvo3d51t/wish/842316011 It is essential that partial pressures are kept different, like the blood and air, to ensure gaseous exchange can take place effectively. 

If there is a larger gradient, this will effectively increase the diffusion rate. This is due to the diffusion of oxygen within the blood stream being affected. Some factors that contribute to this could include the reduced amount of blood returning from the respiring cells through the systemic circulation, and the higher levels of oxygen also.

As well as the above features, it is found that there will be a reduced amount of carbon dioxide within the inspired air, meaning, in contrast, there will be a higher level of blood returning through the systemic circulation. This, furthermore, leads to an increased diffusion rate between alveolar, meaning more carbon dioxide can be expired. ]]> 2020-10-19 18:22:38 UTC https://padlet.com/fisherimogen4/bnc3z6tbgvo3d51t/wish/842316011 fisherimogen4 https://padlet.com/fisherimogen4/bnc3z6tbgvo3d51t/wish/842363683 There are some factors that differentiate the solubility of gases throughout gaseous exchange. This may include:
- The co-efficient rate of a gas can impact the rate of gaseous exchange 

- It is important to note that carbon dioxide is overall 24 times more soluble than oxygen, therefore, it will evidently diffuse at a faster rate. 

(PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAMPLE)
An example may include pulmonary oedema. This is common as it is due to a gradual formulation of fluid within the lungs which eventually affects the oxygen diffusion. As the oxygen diffusion is a lower solubility than carbon dioxide, this is why the carbon dioxide is not affected before the oxygen molecules.]]> 2020-10-19 18:34:03 UTC https://padlet.com/fisherimogen4/bnc3z6tbgvo3d51t/wish/842363683 fisherimogen4 https://padlet.com/fisherimogen4/bnc3z6tbgvo3d51t/wish/842400500 Gas exchange is well-known for being the most effective when air is being inspired and expired from the lungs. This movement facilitates for effective ventilation, however, some problems may occur, these may include:

- Ventilations will be in-effective if there is a lack of effective  inspired or expired air - meaning gaseous exchange can occur. If this process is challenged, the gas exchange process will be unable to complete leading to pathophysiological implications. 

(PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAMPLE)
Bronchospasm or acute asthma may be an example of ineffective gaseous exchange, this is due to airway becoming very restricted meaning there will be limited space for effective inspiration and expiration. Mucus secretions are also common which will effect ventilations. This will mean in-effective gaseous exchange will be taking place leading to additional problems. ]]> 2020-10-19 18:42:27 UTC https://padlet.com/fisherimogen4/bnc3z6tbgvo3d51t/wish/842400500 fisherimogen4 https://padlet.com/fisherimogen4/bnc3z6tbgvo3d51t/wish/842426734 V = the ventilations that enable air to reach the alveoli for effective gaseous exchange 

Q = perfusion - this suggests that amount of blood that travels through capillaries to further reach the alveoli for effective gas exchange processes 

It is often found that there may be a V/Q mismatch or a shunt. This is important to note as it enables there to be a rapid decline in gas exchange which will then develop into Type one or Type two respiratory failure. ]]> 2020-10-19 18:49:13 UTC https://padlet.com/fisherimogen4/bnc3z6tbgvo3d51t/wish/842426734