• This is not a castle, but a small stately home with only the original gatehouse remaining from the castle.
• The fine mansion also houses the country's first municipal art gallery and the beautifully maintained gardens are ideal for a lazy summer's day stroll. 
• The walls around the 'castle' also offer spectacular views over the Trent Valley.

• A beautiful Elizabethan mansion in a large suburban deer park, Wollaton Park.
• The hall houses the city's Natural History Museum whilst the Industrial Museum is housed in an outbuilding. 
• The Hall was used in the 2012 film, Batman: The Dark Knight Rises as Wayne Manor.

• A visitor attraction is accessed from the upper mall of the Broadmarsh Shopping Centre. 
• It consists of a network of caves, carved out of sandstone that has been variously used over the years as a tannery, public house cellars, and as air-raid shelters. 
• Nottingham has more man-made caves than anywhere else in Britain. 

• In the summer you can hire a rowing boat on the beautiful grounds of the University of Nottingham.
• Nottingham Castle has extensive grounds, which are planted beautifully in the summertime. Each summer open-air theatre performances are held on the grounds.
• The Arboretum is perfect for a relaxing walk to get away from the crowded city.

• The Victoria Centre is the more modern of the two, and has more shops & facilities, although Broadmarsh is on the eve of a huge redevelopment which will more than double its size.

• Population: 151,145 (in 2011)
• Cathedral: Cathedral & Metropolitical Church of Christ
• Facts: The City of Canterbury is a local government district with city status in Kent, England. As well as Canterbury itself, the district extends north to the coastal towns of Whistable and Herne Bay.

• Population: 152,450 (in 2017)
• Facts: - Oxford was first settled by the Anglo-Saxons and was initially known as Oxnaford, meaning "ford of the oxen. The city is home to the University of Oxford, the oldest university in the English-speaking world and has buildings in every style of English architecture from late Anglo-Saxon. Oxford's industries include motor manufacturing, education, publishing, information technology and science.

• Population: 205,100 in the 2011
• Facts:  It is a port city primarily built on Portsea Island in the county of Hampshire, South East England. It is also known colloquially as Pompey, a nickname shared with HMNB Portsmouth and Portsmouth Football Club.  It is the United Kingdom's only island city.

• Population : 236,882 in the 2011
• Facts : 
  Southampton is noted for its as being the departure point for the RMS Titanic, and home to 500 of the people who perished onboard. The Spitfire was built in the city, and Southampton has a strong association with the Mayflower, being the departure point before the vessel was forced to return to Plymouth. More recently, Southampton is known the home port of some of the largest cruise ships in the world. Southampton is also one of the largest retail destinations in the South of England.
  
  

• Popolation : 26,795 in the 2011
• Cathedral : Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity
• Facts : 
  - Chichester Festival Theatre, is one of the United Kingdom's flagship producing and touring theatres, whose annual summer season attracts actors, writers and directors from the West End theatre and the USA. Chichester is home to the South Downs Planetarium & Science Centre, which opened in 2001 and features a program of public star shows in its 100-seat theatre.
  
  

• Population : 116,595 in the 2011
• Cathedral : Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity
• Facts : 
  Winchester Cathedral is one of the largest cathedrals in Europe, with the longest nave and greatest overall length of any Gothic cathedral in Europe. In March 2016, Winchester was named as the best place to live in Britain by the “Sunday Times Best Places to Live” guide. Winchester hosts one of the UK’s largest farmers’ markets. With over 100 stalls, the market takes place on the first and last Sunday of each month.
  
  

• Area: 3,317 sq mi (8,592 km²)
• Population: 2,657,909 (2018)
• Includes the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear, and a small part of North Yorkshire.
• The highest point in the region is The Cheviot in Northumberland, at 815m and the largest city is Newcastle. Sunderland is the second-largest.

• Alnwick Castle is a castle and country house in Alnwick in the English county of Northumberland.
• Alnwick Castle was used in the famous Harry Potter films and in parts of the more recent Downton Abbey. Not to mention that it’s totally stunning. Take into account Alnwick Gardens and this is easily one of the most beautiful places in the North East.
• Opening time: 10:00a.m - 5:30 p.m, Monday-Friday

• The Angel of the North is a contemporary sculpture by Antony Gormley, located beside the A1 road in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England. 
• One of the North East’s most iconic sculptures, the Angel of the North is a gigantic 20m tall and 54m wide. Standing next to creation of that size truly is breathtaking. It is, without doubt, one of the most beautiful places in the North East.

• Bamburgh Castle is a castle on the northeast coast of England, by the village of Bamburgh in Northumberland. It spans nine acres above the coastline, providing amazing views both inside and out. Time Out called it ‘the finest castle anywhere in the country and it truly is one of the region’s gems.
• There are fourteen rooms open to the public including the spectacular Kings Hall, with over 3000 items of artwork, furniture, china, and porcelain. The separate Armstrong and Aviation Artifacts museum gives visitors a glimpse into the creativity and industrial genius of Lord Armstrong, with a look at the aviation legacy created by his company after his death.
• Opening time: 10:00 AM - 5:00 PM

• A great place to explore and take photographs, Kielder is home to a huge lake and a fascinating forest. But the real beauty of Kielder comes out at night. The area, famous for its unpolluted starry skies, is actually the largest expanse of dark night sky in the whole of Europe. 

• With a series of bridges spanning across the River Tyne, the Newcastle Quayside is a place of spectacular beauty. Featuring the iconic Tyne Bridge and Millennium Bridge, it is one of the most unique stretches of river in the country.
• To admire the true beauty of the Quayside you can go right to the top of the world-renowned music and art center that overlook the area. With spectacular lighting to there’s no place quite as magnificent for a stroll.

• Area: 78,03 km²
• Population: 258.746 (2019)

• Spring - March to May
• Summer - June to August
• Autumn - September to November
• Winter - December to February

• Population: 467.099 (2019)
• Bristol is located just 120 miles west of London and is the largest city in the southwest of England on the River Frome and River Avon.
• Bristol lies at one end of the Great West Way, a 125 mile long touring route between here and London. Bristol Zoo is the 5th oldest zoo in the world.  Bristol is a green city, there are over 400 parks and gardens. Today, Bristol is a buzzing, multicultural university city. 
• Moreover, Bristol is famous for its significance as a historical British port. The city played a major role in the European discovery of and trade with North America, which included slaves and plantation goods.

• Population: 262,100 (2018)
• Plymouth is a port city and unitary authority in South West England. It is located on the south coast of Devon, approximately 60 km south-west of Exeter and 310 km south-west of London. Plymouth has a rich history that dates back centuries. In the year 1793, the Plymouth Gin Distillery first opened its doors. Plymouth is home to the oldest distillery in England.

• Population: 185,600 in 2011.
• Swindon is a large town in Wiltshire, South West England, lying between Bristol, 56 kilometres to the west, and the same distance to the east. The town is 114 km west of London. 
• Residents of Swindon are known as Swindonians. 
• Swindon is a modern town surrounded by some of England's finest countryside and famous attractions. Enriched with Victorian parks and gardens, museums including the award winning Steam Museum, and an art gallery.

• Population: 128,500 inhabitants (2016)
• Gloucester is a cathedral city and the county town of Gloucestershire in the South West of England.
• Gloucester lies on the River Severn , near the Cotswolds rural area. It’s known for 11th-century Gloucester Cathedral, which has Romanesque and Gothic architecture, plus the tomb of King Edward II. Nearby are the Gloucester Docks, with restored Victorian warehouses, a dry dock and the Mariners Chapel. 

• Population: 426,516 (2018)
• Dorset is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. Dorset has a varied landscape featuring broad elevated chalk downs, steep limestone ridges and low-lying clay valleys.
• Three-quarters of its coastline is part of the Jurassic Coast Natural World Heritage Site due to its geological and palaeontologic significance. 

• St. Albans is Hertfordshire's only city, with a majestic cathedral which dominates the horizon and overlooks an ancient park with lakes and rivers. 
• St. Alban was the earliest British saint, beheaded for sheltering a Christian cleric at the point where the cathedral stands today.
• Much of the rest of the series was filmed in Hertfordshire too, with the characters living in nearby Abbots Langley.
• Speaking of stars of pop groups, Paul Cattermole of S Club 7 (and later S Club 3) also hails from St. Albans.
• And if One Direction and S Club are a bit too light for your taste, Enter Shikari also hail from the area. 

• Population: 183,600 people (2011)
• Peterborough is a city focused on investment, growth, connectivity, and opportunity, and has an increasing reputation as the city of choice for major global players, SMEs and innovative start-up companies.
• With access to London in 45 minutes and direct, fast trains to the north of the country, Peterborough boasts excellent transport links, world-class internet connectivity and exciting plans for growth.
• Peterborough is one of the UK’s 4 future city demonstrators and home to the country’s largest cluster of environmental businesses. Through our smart city program, we’re changing the way our urban systems work and creating the UK’s environment capital. 

• The largest of the nine regions of England covering 9,200 square miles (23,800 km2)
• Most of the region is located on the South West Peninsula, between the English Channel and Bristol Channel. It has the longest coastline of all the English regions, totalling over 700 miles (1,130 km). 
• The region is divided into the largely igneous and metamorphic west and sedimentary east, the dividing line slightly to the west of the River Exe. The east of the region is characterised by wide, flat clay vales, and chalk and limestone downland. 

• A thousand years ago, Norwich was the second-largest city in England, behind London, from the Middle Ages until the Industrial Revolution.
• Norwich is the most complete medieval city in England. There's England's largest and most colorful outdoor market, built under the controlling eye of the 11th century castle nearby.
• If successful, Norwich will become the world’s fourth City of Literature, joining Edinburgh, Melbourne, and Iowa.
• Norwich has the largest walled center and longest run of medieval defenses in England.
• Norwich Cathedral has the second-tallest spire in England, exceeded only by Salisbury Cathedral. During the Middle Ages there were 57 churches within the city wall. 

• Population: 123,900 people (2011)
• Cambridge  is a university and the country town of Cambridgeshires, England, on the River Cam approximately 55 miles North of London. 
• Undergraduate courses in social sciences, engineering, sciences and arts, and humanities are available at the institution.
• Cambridge University is one of the most prestigious colleges in the world, and graduates with degrees from the university are highly sought after by companies in every profession.

• Population: 168,310 people (2011)
• Chelmsford is a city and the county town of Essex, in the East of England. 
• Chelmsford has a temperate oceanic climate climate classification, however due to the proximity to continental Europe, Chelmsford enjoys warm summers and cool but not cold winters.

• Population: 20,112 people
• Ely is a cathedral city in Cambridgeshire,England about 14 miles north-northeast of Cambridge and about 80 miles by road from London.
• The city had been the center of local pottery production for more than 700 years, including pottery known as Babylon ware. 
• The Anglican Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity is known as the Ship of the Fens, a name inspired by the distant views of its towers, which dominate the low-lying wetlands known as "The Fens".
• The city of Ely has been twinned with Denmark's oldest town, Ribe, since 1956. Ely City Football Club was formed in 1885.

• the only landlocked region in England 

• Area of 13,000 km²

• Population over 5,713,000

• comprising 6 counties and the second largest city Birmingham /ˈbɜːrmɪŋəm/
  
  

• Portsmouth Historic Dockyard is the UK’s premier destination for naval history.
• The following ships and historic vessels are displayed at the dockyard:
• HMS Victory, the flagship of Horatio Nelson at the Battle of Trafalgar.
• HMS Warrior, the world's first armour-plated, iron-hulled warship when she was launched in 1860.
• The remains of the Mary Rose, a warship of the Tudor navy
• HM Coastal Boat 4, a First World War torpedo boat.
• Opening times: The Dockyard opens daily from 10.00 - 17.00 (last entry 16.30).

• The Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology on Beaumont Street, Oxford, England, is the world's second university museum (after the establishment of the Kunstmuseum Basel by the University of Basel in 1661) and Britain's first public museum. Its first building was erected in 1678–1683 to house the cabinet of curiosities that Elias Ashmole gave to the University of Oxford in 1677
• Opening times: Daily 10am-5pm. Last Friday of the month until 8pm. Closed Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, Boxing Day & New Year’s Day
  
  

• Low dependent population rate
• Many experienced workers

• Large social welfare costs for the elderly, putting pressure on medical problems.
• Lack of young and dynamic worker
• Risk of declining population

• Properties achieving significantly higher values than their counterparts elsewhere.
• The strongest economy of the region outside London
• The wonderful combination of beautiful countryside and coastline, a good number of cities and large towns  closing to London, and good schools.

• Overall, 79.6% of the population of the South East England lived in an urban location and 21.4% lived in a rural location

• People from White ethnic groups were least likely to live in an urban location compared with other ethnic groups, and people from the Asian and Black ethnic groups were most likely to.
  
  

• Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity (Winchester)
• Cathedral Church of Christ (Oxford)
• Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity (Chichester)

• The Weald and Downland Living Museum (formerly known as the Weald and Downland Open Air Museum until January 2017) is an open-air museum in Singleton, West Sussex. 
• The museum covers 40 acres (16 ha), with over 50 historic buildings dating from 950AD to the 19th century, along with gardens, farm animals, walks and a mill pond
• Opening times : Monday - Sunday Open, 10:30 AM - 6:00 PM. Event days , opening times vary - please see What's On pages for details

• Based at the heart of Southampton, SeaCity Museum tells the story of the people of the city, their fascinating lives and historic connections with Titanic and the sea. Visit SeaCity Museum and Southampton to discover how we bring maritime history to life through an interactive experience designed for all ages.
• Opening times : Monday – Sunday, 10am – 5pm (Last entry 3.30pm).

• Come on an exciting adventure through the world of STEM (science, technology, engineering and maths). Explore fun and interactive exhibits including an enormous 10m long playable guitar and the out-of-this-world Explorer:Space zone. Become part of the action with breath-taking live science shows and huge demos. Immerse yourself in the stunning nature of the South Downs National Park in Bio:Space. And fly through the Solar System in the UK’s largest standalone Planetarium.
• Opening times : Saturday - Sunday 9:30 am - 5:00 pm, Opening Times During Hampshire School Holidays : Monday - Sunday 9:00 am-5:00pm

• The climate of South West England is classed as oceanic climate
• The oceanic climate typically experiences cool winters with warmer summers and precipitation all year round, with more experienced in winter. 
• Snowfalls are more frequent in comparison to the coast, but less so in comparison to higher ground. 
• Areas of moorland inland such as: Bodmin Moor, Dartmoor and Exmoor experience lower temperatures and more precipitation than the rest of the southwest 

• Celebrating the area’s rich history of innovation, telling Derby’s 300-year history of making to inspire new creativity on what is widely regarded as the site of the world’s first factory. 
• Entry is free. 
• Visitors do not need to pre-book for general admission, but are advised to pre-book tickets for special exhibition 'Scale' to ensure entry.

• 14th-century bridge chapel, one of the oldest surviving buildings in Derby and one of the few surviving bridge chapels in England. 
• A picturesque little building next to the River Derwent, still hosting regular services.

• 321 acres of open parkland, woodland and more formal historical gardens surrounding a 19th-century Gothic Revival castle.

• It's a lovely and large open space just a little walk along the river from the town centre. A great place for a relaxing walk.
• There is nearby parking and a pub at the entrance if you mead a refreshing pint after your walk.

• Public park with children's playground and paddling pool, crazy golf and craft village.
• It offers a place to escape from day to day living and city life and experience a little bit of countryside on Derby’s doorstep.

• Located: Trumpington Street in Cambridge 
• Founded in 1816 
• Founder: Richard FitzWilliam, 7th Viscount FitzWilliam
• The Fitzwilliam Museum’s antiquities allow you to immerse yourself fully in the fascinating customs of the Ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. You’ll find yourself transported from an Egyptian funeral circa 4500 BC to a seventeenth-century European battlefield. 
• The treasures of the museum include artworks by Monet, Picasso, Rubens, Vincent van Gogh, Rembrandt, Cézanne, Van Dyck, and Canaletto, as well as a winged bas-relief from Nimrud.
• Open daily from 10 AM – 5 PM. Closed on Monday 
• Admission to the public is always free. 

• Located: Norwich, England
• Founded: 1825 
• Founder: William the Conqueror
• It was a medieval royal fortification in the city of Norwich, founded in the aftermath of the Norman conquest of England when William the Conqueror (1066–1087) ordered its construction because he wished to have a fortified place in the town of Norwich. 
• The conversion was undertaken by Edward Boardman and the museum opened in 1895.
• The museum & art gallery holds significant objects from the region, especially works of art, archaeological finds, and natural history specimens.
• Open daily from 10 AM-4:30 PM 
• Ticket: Prices are based on standard adult entry and may vary depending on the specific ticket types, dates, or eligibility for other discounts 

• Located: St Albans, England 
• Opened: 1877 
• St Albans Cathedral, officially the Cathedral and Abbey Church of St Alban but often referred to locally as "the Abbey”. 
• Much of its architecture dates from Norman times. It ceased to be an abbey following its dissolution in the 16th century and became a cathedral in 1877. Although legally a cathedral church, it differs in certain particulars from most other cathedrals in England, is also used as a parish church, of which the dean is rector with the same powers, responsibilities, and duties as that of any other parish. 
• At 85 meters long, it has the longest nave of any cathedral in England.
• Open Daily from 8:30 AM - 5:30 PM
• Free Entry
  
  

• Located: Colchester, England 
• Built: 1902
• It was designed by John Belcher in the Edwardian Baroque style and was opened by the former Prime Minister, the Earl of Rosebery in 1902.
• The building design is Baroque and the 162ft Victorian towers were presented by industrialist James Paxman with a statue at the top of St Helena, Colchester's patron saint. 
• The Town Hall contains outstanding function rooms that are still used for their original civic purposes and are also available to hire for functions and weddings. 
• Open daily from 9 AM-5:30 PM. Closed on Saturday and Sunday.
• The building is open to the public unless there are any civic or private events taking place. 
  
  
  

• Located: King’s Lynn, England.
• Greyfriars Tower is one of only 3 remaining in the country and is the most attractive and complete.
• Stone remains of a medieval Franciscan friary in peaceful surrounds with a garden. 
• The tower stands 93 feet high (roughly 28m). It is built of brick with ashlar quoins. The tower leans at a very noticeably angle, and not surprisingly has been dubbed the Leaning Tower of King's Lynn.
• Open 24 hours. 

•  Scotland's third-largest city
• Aberdeen is a city in North East Scotland
• It is known as “Dranite City” for its locally quarried granite stone which was used to build London's Houses of Parliament, Trafalgar Square, Waterloo Bridge and the Thames Embankment.

• Scotland’s fourth-largest city
• Dundee sits on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the eastern, North Sea Coast of Scotland
• Dundee is known as "The City of Discovery", is a modern and vibrant city set in a stunning location at the mouth of the River Tay on the east coast of Scotland.

• The capital city of Scotland
• The city is the annual venue of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. It is home to national cultural institutions such as the National Museum of Scotland, the National Library of Scotland, and the Scottish National Gallery.
• The Edinburgh International Festival and the Fringe
• The Scottish capital is a center of culture and the arts and is especially well-known for its festivals

• Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland with over a million people
• Glasgow is located in the central belt of Scotland.
• Glasgow remains aptly named 'Dear Green Place' with over 90 parks and open spaces, more than any other city of its size.

• Inversnecky or The Sneck
• Located in the Scottish Highlands, it's a great place for nature lovers looking to explore its vast landscape.
• Inverness is the northernmost city in Scotland, located at the top of Loch Ness
• Famous for the Battle of Culloden and Starz hit show Outlander

• Stirling is the smallest city in Scotland
• Stirling is a city in central Scotland, 26 miles (42 km) north-east of Glasgow and 37 miles (60 km) north-west of the Scottish capital, Edinburgh.
• In the heart of Scotland lies historic Stirling.

• Scotland’s newest city
• Perth is a city in central Scotland, on the banks of the River Tay. It is located about 45 miles north of Edinburgh
•  Perth is a city steeped in history
•  Known as The Fair City

• Founded: AD 995
• Area: 12.4 sq mi (32.0 km²)
• Population: 48,069 (urban area) (2011)
• Durham known as the City of Durham is a cathedral city and civil parish in the district and county of Durham, England. The city is on the banks of the River Wear.
• Durham is situated 13 miles (21 km) to the southwest of Sunderland and 18 miles (29 km) to the south of Newcastle. The River Wear flows north through the city, making an incised meander that encloses the center on three sides to form Durham's peninsula.
• Durham is a beautiful small city with a very historic feel to it. It's said that visitors to St. Cuthbert's shrine have been mysteriously cured of a variety of ailments, so if you have a condition that's bothering you, you may want to consider adding a stop to your next itinerary – just in case. 

• Founded: the 2nd century
• Area: 44.4 sq mi (115.1 km²)
• Population: (mid-2019)

• Newcastle upon Tyne often simply Newcastle, is the most populous city and metropolitan borough in North East England. It forms the core of the Tyneside conurbation, the eighth-most populous urban area in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Tyne's northern bank, approximately 8.5 mi (13.7 km) from the North Sea.
• Newcastle developed around a Roman settlement called Pons Aelius and the settlement later took the name of a castle built in 1080 by William the Conqueror's eldest son, Robert Curthose.
• Historically, Newcastle's economy was dependent on its port. In particular, it's status as one of the world's largest shipbuilding and repair centers.
• Today, the city's economy is diverse with major economic output in science, finance, retail, education, tourism, and nightlife. Newcastle is one of the UK Core Cities, as well as part of the Eurocities network.
• Famous landmarks in Newcastle include the Tyne Bridge; the Swing Bridge; the Millennium Bridge; Newcastle Castle; Grey's Monument; and the Theatre Royal. Culturally, Newcastle is famed for its nightlife; bakery chain Greggs; television personalities Ant & Dec; the Great North Run half-marathon; and Newcastle United Football Club.

Leicester city

• Area: 73.3 km²
• Population: 357.394 (2019)

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Irel
• https://alphahistory.com/northernireland/introduction-to-northern-ireland/
• https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/gsni/tellus/conference/pdf/2.1a.CrawfordJordan%20-%20Tellus%20Conference.pdf 

• The City of London, also known as the square mile due to its tiny area is in the very centre of Greater London and but is not actually a borough.
• 32 boroughs include 12 Inner boroughs and 20 Outer boroughs.

• The size remained much the same until the Middle Ages but since then has grown rapidly into a busy metropolis. Despite the vast change in size, it is still referred to as the Square Mile.  

The City of London contains a mix of modern and historical buildings, traditions and stories and this shows the truly global nature of the businesses which operate there.

1. Herefordshire /ˈhɛ.ɹə.fəd.ʃə(ɹ)/
2. Shropshire    /ˈʃrɒp.ʃər/
3. Staffordshire  /ˈstæf.əd.ʃər/
4. Warwickshire  /ˈwɒr.ɪk.ʃər/
5. West Midlands  /ˌwest ˈmɪd.ləndz/
6. Worcestershire  /ˈwʊs.tə.ʃər/

1. Birmingham /ˈbɜː. mɪŋˌhæm/ 
2. Coventry /ˈkɒv(ə)ntri/
3. Hereford /ˈherɪfəd/
4. Shrewsbury /ˈʃrəʊzbəri/
5. Stafford /ˈstæfəd/
6. Stoke-on-Trent /ˌstəʊk ɒn ˈtrent/
7. Telford /ˈtelfəd/
8. Wolverhampton /ˌwʊlvəˈhæmptən/
9. Worcester ˈwʊstə(r)/

• Services also play a large role in the regional economy employing almost half of the working population and providing over half the region's GVA.

• The area’s rich coal seams and deposits of iron and limestone made it almost inevitable that it would become an important iron-producing centre. 

• The name means "St Mary of the Castle". 
• One of the most ancient buildings in Leicester (from the early 12th century). 
• It stands on the grounds of Leicester Castle, from which it gets its name and of which it was once the chapel.

• A popular attraction with tourists visiting daily from all over the world. 
• It is the nation's only Space Centre of its kind and features a space theatre.
• With six interactive galleries, the UK’s largest planetarium, and the iconic 42m high Rocket Tower, the award-winning National Space Centre is an out of this world experience.

• A comparatively small, but exciting place. 
• Its Dinosaur, German Expressionist, and Picasso Ceramics galleries are well worth seeing. 
• It is also the main venue for the Leicester International Music Festival, every September.

• Irish: Béal Feirste " mouth of a sand bank ford.
• Population: 341,877 (2019)
• Area: 51,16 square mile (132,5 km²)
• History:
  • Early 19^th century: Belfast was a major port
  • Played an important role in the Industrial Revolution in Ireland.
  • Was the biggest linen-producer in the world
  • Was the major center of Irish linen production, tobaco-progressing and rope-making (1888)
• Geographical features:
  • Located on the eastern coast of Northern Ireland, at the western end of Belfast Lough and at the mouth of the River Lagan " ideal for shipbuilding industry " Titanic was built here from 1911 – 1912.
  • Climate: temperate oceanic, narrow range temperature and rainfall.
  • During winter, the day is shorter that the sun usually rises at 8:45 and sets before 16:00.
  • During summer, the day is longer that the sun usually rises before 05:00 and sets at 22:00.

More information: https://visitbelfast.com/

• The medieval church of St. Martin, substantially rebuilt in the 1860s, made a cathedral in 1927. 
• Since March 2015 the remains of King Richard III are buried here, under a massive stone tomb. 
• The additional display includes the ceremonial pall which covered the coffin during the reburial period.

• It is off High Street.
• Shoppers can expect to find the majority of items and services offered within the main city in the UK.
• Highcross features many shops including John Lewis, Topman, Next, Hugo Boss, and an Apple store amongst others.

• The name Derry: an anglicisation of the Old Irish name Daire (or Doire in modern Irish) " means the “oak grove”.
• Population: 85.016 
• History:
  • The name “Derry” has been used in the names of the local government district and council since 1984. In everyday conversation, people prefer using “Derry”, however, the city is usually known as Londonderry in official use within the UK.
  • One of the oldest cities continuously inhabited places in Ireland.
  • The city's oldest surviving building was also constructed in 17^th century: the 1633 Plantation Gothic cathedral of St Columb.
  • The city was rebuilt in the 18th century with many of its fine Georgian style houses still surviving. 
  • During the 18th and 19th centuries the port became an important embarkation point for Irish emigrants setting out for North America " a destination for migrants fleeing areas more severely affected by the Great Famine.
• Geographical features:
  • Lies on the west bank of the River Foyle
  • Distinctively hilly topography
  • The River Foyle forms a deep valley as it flows through the city " very steep streets and sudden, starting views.
  • Climate: temperate maritime

• padeling a bicycle across the field
• reclining on a train or bus
• boating the canals
• driving through picturesque back roads

Yorkshire offers a plenty of paramount importance for riding a bicycle, including

• quiet routes
• various landscapes around the roads
• harmony with nature from trees to birds or rivers. 

=>Therefore, riding a bike is an ideal choice in Yorkshire.

• The North Yorkshire Moors Railway
• The Settle to Carlisle line
• Northern Rail
• Wensleydale Railway

The North Yorkshire Moors Railway (NYMR)

• extends for eighteen miles from Pickering to Grosmont 
• runs through the heart of the North Yorkshire Moors, through Heartbeat country in Goathland, and via the charming villages of Beck Hole and Levisham on its route to Grosmont
• receives 350,000 people each year
• It is the world's busiest heritage railway.

• operates trains across the north
• providing direct access to the North York Moors, Yorkshire Dales, Peak District, and coast.

• This is Britain's longest canal built as a single waterway. 
• After leaving Liverpool, the canal travels through East Lancashire, then through Pennine scenery and charming villages on the outskirts of the Yorkshire Dales before arriving in Leeds. 
• Thousands of visitors and walkers come each year to see the magnificent Bingley Five Rise Locks and the old salt town of Saltaire.

• A profitable business canal=> becoming increasingly popular for enjoyment boating.
• The presence of tankers and coal boats in this canal makes environmental sense.

• climbs out of Sowerby Bridge
• sheltered in the Calder Valley, with seductive moorland beauty on either side 
• before falling to Littleborough, across the border of Lancashire
• reaches a high height of 600 feet (the peak of the entire canal network). 

Alternatively, visit the Victorian heritage towns of Hebden Bridge and Todmorden.

Yorkshire and the Humber's economy

• generated £87.4 billion in GVA (Gross Value Added: is a good measure of a region's economic production) 
• accounting for 7.2% of the UK total
• GVA £16,900 per person, or 85% of the UK average 

=> This was the lowest, apart from the North East, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

Yorkshire and the Humber's Business

• imported the fourth-lowest value of products of any English area 
• while exporting the third-lowest value.
• spent £417 million on research and development (R&D)=> the least on R&D.

=> Yorkshire is a rural area in the United Kingdom, having a lower living standard than the average of the country.

Residents with no credentials or qualifications < level 2 

• 34% for those aged 19 to state pension age 
• one of the two highest in England.

=> The above study demonstrates that Yorkshire has a worse living quality than the overall average of England.

1. The Black Country produced the anchor for the Titanic.
2. The Black Country practically built the Crystal Palace.
3. The Black Country built the world’s first successful steam
4. The Black Country (probably) inspired Mordor in the Lord  of the Rings. engine.
5. The Black Country had one of the lowest life expectancies in history.
6.  The Black Country was described as ‘black by day, red by night’.
7. The Black Country offended a young Queen Victoria.

• Population: 45.370
• History: 
  • Lisburn's original site was a fort located north of modern-day Wallace Park.
  • The birthplace of Ireland's linen industry
  • Lisburn was granted city status in 2002 as part of Queen Elizabeth II's Golden jubilee celebrations " Northern Ireland's third city after Belfast and Derry
• Geographical features:
  • 13km (8 miles) southwest of Belfast city centre, on the River Lagan.
  • Climate: Maritime: cool summer and mild winter

• Over 42 percent of the 1.85 million people in Northern Ireland identify as Protestant Christians, the majority Presbyterians or Church of Ireland (a local division of the Anglican Church). 
• Approximately 41 percent of Northern Ireland citizens are Roman Catholic. 
•  The remainder belong to other faiths or are irreligious.

• The merging of seven villages: Carnmoney, Glengormley, Jordanstown, Monkstown, Whiteabbey, Whitehouse and Whitewell.
• Newtownabbey is situated directly north and east of Belfast. Located in County Antrim, the town is also an excellent jumping off point for exploring nearby mountains or planning a fishing trip in local rivers. It is bordered by Carrickfergus and Ballymena—two other towns that also make the list of the 20 largest cities in Ireland. 

• One of the finest and best situated Gothic buildings in Europe, now also famous as the location used to double as Westminster Abbey in The Da Vinci Code movie. 
• When completed in the 14th century it took the title of the world's tallest building (from the Cheops Pyramid).
• The roof tours are recommended. 
• Architecturally, the cathedral has some of the earliest flying buttresses, and a gargoyle named the Lincoln Imp, with which several legends are associated. 

• Roman remains are scattered around the cathedral quarter.
• Walking along Bailgate, notice the circles of old stones in the modern road surface - these are the original foundations of Roman pillars which lined this route, Ermine Street which stretches from London to York.

• Is the medieval lane which connects the modern town centre with the cathedral quarter atop the hill.
• This cobbled street is a delight of old buildings, many of which contain the more interesting shops in the city.
• The street's name is accurate and after a handrail-assisted ascent you reach the Magna Carta pub which stands between the castle and the cathedral. 
• Continue for a few yards if you can be tempted by an interesting ice-cream parlour: their downstairs cafe has you sitting by a tenth-century arch under a vaulted stone ceiling.

• A preserved windmill built in 1798, the last remaining example of the nine mills along the Lincoln Edge which milled flour for the city. 
• It is now surrounded by houses, but still operates on a volunteer basis and visitors are welcomed and given tours.

• Exeter (3 hours)
• Newquay (5 hours) 
• Penzance (5 hours) 

• In the Mid and North: ranges of Hills and mountains with the largest and highest mountain being Snowdon (1,085m)
• In the South and Southwest: flat coastal plains interspersed with valleys. 80% of the land is dedicated to agriculture, ranging from crops to livestock

• formed for a very long time but was officially established in April, 1974.
• located near the mouth of the River Wear which flows through the city and as well as the city of Durham.
• Sunderland is one of the safest places to live in the UK, according to a study of UK cities and the dangers they face.
•  Over the centuries, Sunderland grew as a port, trading coal and salt and was once famously hailed as the "Largest Shipbuilding Town in the World". Ships were built on the Wear from at least 1346 onwards and by the mid-eighteenth century Sunderland was one of the chief shipbuilding towns in the country.
• Now it relies on the car making industry and other business to support the town's economy.
• The dialect of Sunderland is known as Mackem, and contains a large amount of vocabulary and distinctive words and pronunciations not used in other parts of the United Kingdom.
• Some well-known places for visitors when coming to Sunderland:

1. Hylton Castle
2. The beaches of Roker and Seaburn
3. The National Glass Centre
4. Sunderland Museum and Winter Gardens
5. The City Library Arts Center
6. Several beautiful public parks including Mowbray Park, Roker Park, and Barnes Park.

• A northern boundary of the River Tees
• The eastern boundary was the North Sea coast and the southern boundary was the Humber Estuary and Rivers Don and Sheaf
• The western boundary meandered along the western slopes of the Pennine Hills to again meet the River Tees

• Inland and upland locations have cooler weather (Sheffield, Leeds, and Bradford) 

• Upland area has the coolest weather (North York Moors and the Pennines)

• Flat land area has the warmest weather (Vale of York)

• Lowland locations have warmer climate (York, Hull, and Wakefield )

• January is the coolest month and July is usually the warmest. 

• Cool weather
• The region has dry, settled condition which can lead to dought. 
• There may be overcast and humid conditions in the summer.

• Has the lowest crime areas in all England and Wales.

•  The crime rate is 58.1 per 1000 people, which is lower than all other Yorkshire areas.

•  It is lower than the average crime figure for all of England and Wales, which sits at 89 crimes per 1000 people.

•  West Yorkshire is often considered as one of the more dangerous places to live in the UK due to its crime levels

• ONS statistics show that crime in the area is reducing, having reduced by 9% in the last year.

• South Yorkshire has the second-highest crime rate in the region after West Yorkshire

•  The most common crimes for this area include violence against a person and theft.

For more information about crime rate in Yorkshire and the Humber.

• The use of an 'ar' sound when other parts of Yorkshire use an 'ow' sound confuses many. For example, 'art' instead 'out'.

• There is a tendency to pronounce the diphthong /aʊ/ (as in mouth) as a monophthong [aː] (math). This is characteristic of informal speech and may coexist with the more formal [aʊ].

• In parts of the West Riding, "none, one, once, nothing, tongue, among(st)" are pronounced with [ɒ] rather than [ʊ]. A shibboleth for a traditional Huddersfield accent is the word love as [lɒv], pronounced to rhyme with "of".

• The sound in words heard, nurse, etc is pronounced in the same way as in square, dare. This is [ɛː]. The set of words with /ɪə/, such as near, fear, beard, etc., may have a similar pronunciation but remains distinctive as [eɛ].

• The phoneme /aɪ/ (as in prize) may become a monophthong [aː] before a voiced consonant. For example, five becomes [faːv] (fahv), prize becomes [pʰɹaːz] (prahz). This does not occur before voiceless consonants, so "price" is [pʰɹaɪs].

• The local pronunciation of these words is [u:], but this is now less common than the RP [aʊ] in North Yorkshire.

• The FLEECE vowel can be eɪ so that it is [meɪ] and green is [greɪn].

• Area : 140,3 km2 (54,2 mi2)
• Population: 447,627( in 2020) 
• Feather construction: Cardiff Castle, National Museum of Wales, 11th-century Llandaff Cathedral and St John the Baptist Church,...

• Facts: Cardiff is the city and capital of Wales and the second largest city in the United Kingdom. It is the commercial center of Wales, the headquarters for most of the national sports and cultural bodies, the national media of Wales, and the seat of the Welsh parliament.

•  Area: 150 mi² (380 km²)
•  Popular:312,872 ( in 2020 )
•  Remarkable construction:  Gower Peninsula, National Waterfront Museum Gareth Lovering, Gower Peninsula,...

• Facts: The city of Swansea is the second largest in Wales and makes up the majority of the county's population. It is an important port and industrial center and the main commercial and service center of south-west Wales

• In Troilus and Criseyde and The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer embodied both the courtly philosophical concerns and the earthy vernacular of the time
•  William Langland's Piers Plowman was an early expression of the religious and political dissent that would later characterize English literature. 

• Located: in the country of Gwynedd
• Consisting of 14 majestic peaks over 3,000 feet high-the most famous being the 3,546-foot Snowdon.
•  One of the most popular hiking destinations in Britain, boasting more than 1,479 miles of market trails. 

• Founded in 1905.
• Royal charter granted in 1907.
• The National Museum Cardiff houses Wales's national archaeology, art, geology and natural history collections.
• Affect of First World War it did not open to the public until 1922, with the official opening taking place in 1927. 
• Facts: In 2011, with funding from the Clore Duffield Foundation, the former Glanely Gallery was transformed into the Clore Discovery Centre, which offers hands-on exploration of the museums 7.5 million items that are normally in storage, including insects, fossils and Bronze Age weapons. School groups, formal and informal groups can also be accommodated but should book in advance.

• Wales was once famous for its mining operations, in particular the mining of slate used for the roofing still so common here. While the majority of these mines and quarries have closed, many of the narrow-gauge railways used to shift goods  around the country have been restored and now provide scenic excursions. 
• Including twelve little steam railways located in stunning scenery across Wales:

1. Bala Lake
2. Brecon Mountain
3. Fairbourne
4. Frestiniog
5. Llanberis Lake
6. Snowdown Mountain
7. Talyllyn
8. Vale of Rheidol
9. Welsh Highland
10. Welsh Highland Heritage
11. Welshpool and Llanfair
12. Corris

• Located: North Wales
• It was built by Edward I, during his conquest of Wales, between 1283 and 1289.
• The best views of Conwy Castle (Castell Conwy) and River Conwy, with its suspension bridge designed by Thomas Telford, are from the 13th-century town walls built by King Edward I to keep the Welsh at bay.
• The small town of Conwy offers something for everyone: a stunning castle, medieval architecture, and plenty of great shopping.

• Located: the coast of  Snowdia Nation Park in Gwynedd, North Wales.
•  Built by Sir Clough Williams-Ellis between 1925 and 1975 (early 20th century) , Portmeirion was designed to resemble a quaint Italian fishing village.
• A lot of places the visitors can visit in Portmeirion Village: the view from Llechollwyn, Central Piazza, An architectural stroll, the Quayside, Battery Square, the Gwyllt, Castell Deudraeth, Portmeirion Pottery, and Ffestiniog & Welsh Highland Railways. 
• Facts: this stunning attraction has been the location for numerous films and TV programs, including the 1960s cult show, The Prisoner
  
  
  
  

• Singin’ Hinnies, the Geordie version of the scone. 
• They are made using flour, baking powder, lard/butter, milk, and sugar, then cooked on a flat griddle which gives it the “Singin’” part of its’ name as it sizzles. 
• What makes them even more Geordie is the “Hinnies” part, due to it being a term of endearment in Newcastle.

• A common North East dish.
• Traditionally made from split yellow or Carlin peas, with water, salt and spices. It is cooked with a bacon or ham joint. It is also best friends with the stottie, as it is used for a filling in a lot of sandwiches.

• Craster kippers are from the Northumberland village of Craster.
• One of the most defining qualities of the kipper is that it is usually smoked in a smokehouse located in the village of Craster, therefore making it unique.

• Created in Middlesbrough, a parmo is one of the prides of the North. 
• The dish is deep-fried meat, usually chicken, covered in breadcrumbs and drowned in white béchamel sauce and cheese. 

Nottingham city

• Area: 74,61 km²
• Population: 303.900 (mid 2021)

• The uphill area comprises the northern part of the city: including Lincoln Cathedral, Lincoln Castle.
• The downhill area comprises the city centre and suburbs to the south and south-west.

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