Sadly we do not know how to read this form of writing yet although dozens of speculative decipherments have been proposed.

The Indus Valley Civilization is known as the longest lasting and largest ancient civilization. Their cities were planned out carefully and had really advanced technology such as underground sewer systems, toilets, and building plans. Their culture was based on agriculture and is suspected to have lasted so long because of a lack of battles and arguments. It was mostly a peaceful civilization. They were able to produce non-essential items (like toys) and that tells us that they were not lacking in resources. Almost every house had a bathroom in it, unlike the Egyptian Civilization. Their language, with over 400 symbols, is still not deciphered today. The fall of the Indus Valley Civilization is unknown but it is speculated that earthquakes, conquest, and or environmental disasters were the biggest influence on its downfall. 

Small villages developed into cities with special crafts, fortifications, and many sophisticated city plans. Some of the largest cities were Kalibagan, Mahenjo-daro, and Harrapa. They had well planned cities that had grid like plans. The massive sophisticated plumbing system was very advanced with sewers while each home could have a toilet. The houses could be as high as 3 stories each, and with a grid planning it wasnt as mumble-jumble as in Mesopotamia.

Source: Textbook

2.This geographic setting was flat which allowed for cities to be easily built along with the floods that brought along silt that was useful for farming. This allowed food to be grown easily increasing populations.

3.The Indus Valley Civilization started around 3000 B.C.E

4.The peak of the Indus Valley Civilization was around 2600 B.C.E

5.This civilization started to fall around 1900 B.C.E  and it is believed that it started to decline because of invaders, climate change, earthquakes, and the path of the river changing.

Economic Life

It is believed that most trade that the Indus Valley Civilization did was conducted with raw materials such as gold, silver, tin, woolen textiles, and food such as grain. They also used a seal to mark merchandise to show that it was official trading. Their geography helped this civilization a lot because they used the Indus River to trade with neighboring territories/empires. It also helped the Indus Valley Civilization because it allowed them to grow excess food for trading. This civilization mostly traded with Mesopotamia though it is also believed that they traded with other small territories that were located in modern day Iraq and Omar though there were also many others.

Religious beliefs:

The Indus valley religion is polytheistic and is made up of Hinduism Buddhism and Jainism. Scholars found figurines that led to the conclusion that the Indus people worshiped a mother goddess symbolizing fertility. They worshiped this with round or pierced stones. A practice that was performed before the scholarship of Shiva and Parvati. As well, the Indus civilization worshiped a father god who may have been the forefather of the race. 

Some examples of sophisticated city planning are that the cities used uniformly sized bricks, the cities were laid out in grids, there were sewage systems beneath the streets that were better than middle age sewage systems, and levees and man made islands specifically made to protect from flooding.

The cities centered around Indus Valley were very organized with their religion and culture. There were social divisions set in place at the time, that are no longer in use, but were really important at the time. They were also fairly economically structured considering they good produce nonessential items with no major issues. They also had seals for-trade items, some had different animals on them, possibly showing that those specific animals were important to their culture.

2. The monsoon rains flooded the Indus River and helped the crops grow. The Indus Valley civilization developed near the Indus River for resources like fish, water, cleaning, and helping them grow crops.

3. The Indus Valley Civilization emerged around 3200 BC

4. The peak of the Indus Valley Civilization was around 2500 BC

5. The Indus Valley Civilization fell around 1800 BC

 

The people of the Indus Valley Civilization believed in many god. The primary religions of the civilization were Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. So that means they were Polytheistic.