by nabilah

Haber Process

nabilah_ — 2016-01-14 10:03:30 UTC

adu

2016-01-15 02:11:22 UTC

why ratio of 1:3?

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Because of the equation. from balanced equation, the ratio of nitrogen is to hydrogen is 1:3.

If excess of one reactant is added, there will be molecules passing through reactor that does not have anything to react with. This is a waste of space on the catalyst surface/reactor.

Wei qiang: Why must it be heated to 450 degrees?

2016-01-15 02:11:58 UTC

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It is the optimum temperature to ensure a good yield and rate.

Janeil

2016-01-15 02:12:17 UTC

What is the purpose of the reactor?

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provide the surface for the gases to react.

Whats the iron for

2016-01-15 02:12:26 UTC

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Iron is a catalyst.

Catalyst lowers the activation energy by providing an alternative pathway. More particles will have energy greater than or equal to the activation energy.

It is in powdered form (larger surface area of contact for hydrogen and nitrogen molecules)

Celeste

Celesteteo2000 — 2016-01-15 02:12:29 UTC

Why is the mixture of ammonia, nitogen and hydrogen cooled?

Glenda

2016-01-15 02:12:41 UTC

Why pass the hot gases over iron, and not other type of metals?

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catalysts are reaction specific. for this reaction, only iron works as a catalyst.

Vanessa

starryglora — 2016-01-15 02:12:46 UTC

why must the nitrogen and hydrogen mixture be compressed at 200atm?

why is it passed over iron?

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gasses are compressed -- so that they are pushed closer together. This increases the frequency of effective collision between hydrogen and nitrogen gas.

Liang

iamnotgibo — 2016-01-15 02:12:47 UTC

Why must the gases be compressed

gasses are compressed -- so that they are pushed closer together. This increases the frequency of effective collision between hydrogen and nitrogen gas.

Asaad

2016-01-15 02:12:49 UTC

Why isnt the yield 100 %?

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Because it is a reversible reaction. The yield will never be 100% as some products formed will decompose back to reactants.

It's me

2016-01-15 02:13:18 UTC

Why a pressure of 200 atm? What are all the reactions that take place?

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Only reactions taking place are the backward and forward reactions of the haber process.

Aravind

2016-01-15 02:13:31 UTC

Ratio follows ammonia formula?

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ratio follows the balanced chemical equation.

Andy

2016-01-15 02:13:32 UTC

Why must the thing go through the cooling chamber?

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To separate ammonia.

Ammonia is cooled to temperature below its boiling point. Only ammonia liquefies while nitrogen and hydrogen remain as gases.

why the reactor shape like that? -adu

2016-01-15 02:13:32 UTC

why the reactor shape like that?

2016-01-15 02:13:32 UTC

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spherical shape is to ensure even distribution of pressure

Yuanxin

2016-01-15 02:14:02 UTC

Why the use of haber process over other processes

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Haber process was found to be the most feasible method to produce ammonia is large quantities . Other (or better) industrial process are yet to be found.

(maybe You can invent new process and name it after you :) )

Why 200 atm?

2016-01-15 02:14:09 UTC

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It is the optimum condition for this process.

how cold is the cooling chamber?

2016-01-15 02:14:21 UTC

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it will be below the b.p of ammonia

What happens in the reactor

2016-01-15 02:14:32 UTC

Nitrogen and hydrogen gas react together in the presence of iron as catalyst.

Jeremy tan

2016-01-15 02:14:46 UTC

Isnt this distillation?

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In distillation, we are separating liquid from liquid-liquid mixture.

In this process, we are separating ammonia gas from the other two gasses by cooling to the appropriate temperature.

worachit

2016-01-15 02:14:47 UTC

how is it compresse

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using special machinery

Delia

2016-01-15 02:15:19 UTC

Why particularly iron

-------------------------------- catalysts are reaction specific. for this reaction, iron is the catalyst.

Albert

2016-01-15 02:15:33 UTC

What happens when we don't use the correct proportion of gases/ use other gases

Affects the rate of forward reaction.. (reversible reactions work differently)

what are the properties of ammonia that allows it to not mix with hydrogen? - nailun

2016-01-15 02:15:57 UTC

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Ammonia has a higher boiling point than hydrogen and nitrogen and thus can be cooled to separate it.

Can we use other gases ?

iamnotgibo — 2016-01-15 02:16:10 UTC

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No. haber process is production of ammonia and only nitrogen and hydrogen gas can be used.

maribelle

2016-01-15 02:16:31 UTC

why is does the ammonia have to be mixed with unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen before ammonia is liquefied

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ammonia is not mixed with unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen but rather there are unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen as the yield is not 100%.

Aravind

2016-01-15 02:16:59 UTC

Compression for higher frequency of effective collisions?

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yes

How long does this process take?

2016-01-15 02:17:01 UTC

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reversible reactions do not have a fixed timing. Not necessary to know how long industrial reactions take because they are mostly on-going productions.

Jun boon

2016-01-15 02:17:24 UTC

What is in the reactor /what happens in the reactor to make nitrogen bond to hydrogen

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Reactor contains iron catalyst and is at the optimum temperature. the Hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas break into atoms and form new N-H bonds on the surface of the catalyst.

Handsome boy 69

2016-01-15 02:17:48 UTC

Why must the pressure be 200 atm?

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At higher pressure, gasses are compressed together. This increases the frequency of effective collision between the particles.

2016-01-15 02:17:57 UTC

how do you know when the reaction is completed, and how it is separated from the unreacted gas?

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Haber process is reversible reaction. So it can never really be 'complete'.

2016-01-15 02:18:41 UTC

How is ammonia separated from the mixture of ammonia, nitrogen and hydrogen?

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Ammonia is cooled to temperature below its boiling point. Only ammonia liquefies while nitrogen and hydrogen remain as gases.

2016-01-15 02:19:27 UTC

Why they do that

2016-01-15 02:20:10 UTC

2016-01-15 02:20:28 UTC

what's the disadvantages and advantages of this process?

2016-01-15 02:20:55 UTC

why are there unreacted gases when the ratio is already 1:3

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This is because the yield of haber process can never be 100%. Thus there will be unreacted gases.

2016-01-19 14:44:29 UTC

What materials are the pipes in the reactors made of ? Metals ?