Chemistry Concepts by https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy en-us 2023-05-19 00:57:21 UTC 2023-05-24 07:23:02 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f52c.png Chemistry Concepts madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2596908961 Understood through the formation of Table Salt, NaCl]]> 2023-05-19 00:59:07 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2596908961 Phases of matter madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2596923099 At room temperature, Na is a solid, Cl is a gas; combined together forms a solid, NaCl (Table salt)]]> 2023-05-19 01:11:48 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2596923099 Physical & chemical properties madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2596929223 Na: +1 charge, highly reactive, silvery-white metallic, soft, malleable
Cl: -1 charge, highly reactive, greenish-yellow gas
NaCl: neutral charge, white crystalline, high melting point, soluble, neutral pH]]> 2023-05-19 01:16:39 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2596929223 Law of conservation of energy madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2596932695 2023-05-19 01:19:11 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2596932695 Chemical Equation madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2596947576 Empirical: 2Na(s) + Cl₂(g) --> 2NaCl(s)]]> 2023-05-19 01:30:57 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2596947576 Periodic Trends madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2596948221 Na is a metal, Cl is a nonmetal
Na exists in group 1 and Cl in group 17]]> 2023-05-19 01:31:28 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2596948221 Forming Ionic Bond madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2596948957 Transfer of 1 electron from Na (+1 charge) to Cl (-1 charge) in order to form stable electron configuration. Since Na has a valence shell with only 1 electron, it is more likely to transfer to the nearly-full valence shell of Cl with 7 electrons to stabilize it.]]> 2023-05-19 01:31:44 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2596948957 Chemical bonds madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2596949335 Ionic bond between metal cation, Na+, and nonmetal anion, Cl-]]> 2023-05-19 01:32:04 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2596949335 Net Ionic Equation madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2596958484 NaCl(s) → Na⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)
No spectator ions ]]> 2023-05-19 01:40:37 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2596958484 Enthalpy of Reaction madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2601770334 ΔH = 2(-411.2) - [2(0) + 0 ] = -822.4 kJ mol–1

-ΔH --> exothermic reaction with release of heat energy]]> 2023-05-23 13:58:51 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2601770334 Spontaneity madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2601771668 Highly spontaneous in room temperature due to large difference in electronegativity between Na+ and Cl2-]]> 2023-05-23 13:59:44 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2601771668 Spontaneity in Reverse Direction madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2601786954 Non-spontaneous in reverse reaction due to how stable NaCl is. The ionic bond between Na+ and Cl- ions are too strong for the reaction to spontaneously occur in the reverse direction. ]]> 2023-05-23 14:09:23 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2601786954 Reaction quotient madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2601796786 q = [NaCl]² / [Na]²[Cl₂]
Given concentrations; If Q=K, reaction is at equilibrium]]> 2023-05-23 14:16:07 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2601796786 Equilibrium constant madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2601797681 K = [NaCl]² / [Na]²[Cl₂] 
Concentrations at equilibrium]]> 2023-05-23 14:16:44 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2601797681 Le Châtelier's Principle madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2601798745 Increasing temperature and adding more NaCl would shift the equilibrium right (to dissolution/decomposition into ions)]]> 2023-05-23 14:17:27 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2601798745 Catalyst madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2601799066 No catalyst needed due to how spontaneous the reaction between Na and Cl is. Occurs readily at room temperature with no extra application of heat. ]]> 2023-05-23 14:17:44 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2601799066 Nomenclature madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2601818723 "Solid Sodium combines with Aqueous Chlorine to yield Solid Sodium Chloride." ]]> 2023-05-23 14:32:24 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2601818723 Synthesis Reaction madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2601833176 Na and Cl combine to form a single substance, NaCl]]> 2023-05-23 14:43:03 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2601833176 Balancing Equations madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2601834798 Unbalanced Equation: Na + Cl2 -> NaCl
Cl2 is a diatomic molecule in elemental form, it exists as 2 atoms on the left side.

Balance Cl on the right: Na + Cl2 -> 2NaCl
Balance Na on the left: 2Na + Cl2 -> 2NaCl]]> 2023-05-23 14:44:14 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2601834798 Reaction Stoichiometry madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602458757 According to the coefficients in equation, double the moles of Na is needed for a given quantity of moles of Cl2 to yield desired quantity of NaCl.]]> 2023-05-24 01:27:42 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602458757 Conversion factors madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602459416 2023-05-24 01:28:05 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602459416 Avogradro's Constant madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602459840 6.022x10^23]]> 2023-05-24 01:28:22 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602459840 The Mole madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602459940 2023-05-24 01:28:25 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602459940 Reverse Reaction madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602623764 Not reversible, but external intervention of electrolysis can lead to the reverse process, the decomposition of NaCl. In water, NaCl also dissolves leading to dissolution of NaCl.

2Na+ + Cl2- --> 2NaCl]]> 2023-05-24 03:21:21 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602623764 Standard Entropy Values madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602681840 S°(Na) = 51.3 J/(mol·K)
S°(Cl₂) = 223.1 J/(mol·K)
S°(NaCl) = 72.1 J/(mol·K)]]> 2023-05-24 04:13:07 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602681840 Entropy of Reaction madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602686492 ΔS = 2(72.1) - [2(51.3) + 223.1] = -181.5

-ΔS --> Entropy decreases, less disordered]]> 2023-05-24 04:16:52 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602686492 Standard Enthalpy of Formation Values madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602689908 Δ𝐻∘f of Na and Cl = 0 kJ mol–1
Δ𝐻∘f of NaCl = –411.2 kJ mol–1
]]> 2023-05-24 04:20:31 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602689908 Free Energy of Reaction madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602696276 ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

-ΔH and -ΔS, so ΔG can be positive at high temperature and negative & spontaneous at low temperature.]]> 2023-05-24 04:26:33 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602696276 Atomic mass madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602743829 Amu of Na: 22.9
Amu of Cl2: 70.8
Amu of NaCl:  58.4]]> 2023-05-24 05:09:00 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602743829 SI Units madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602744003 2023-05-24 05:09:09 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602744003 madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602872460 Example: How many moles Cl2  needed to completely react with 15.0gr of Na(s) to form NaCl(s)?

Grams Na->Moles Na: (15.0gr Na)(1mol Na/22.9gr Na) = 0.655mol Na
Moles Na->Moles Cl2 : (0.655mol Na)(1Cl2/2Na)= 0.328 mol Cl2]]> 2023-05-24 06:53:22 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602872460 madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602876125 Example: Convert 2 moles of NaCl to grams.

(2 moles NaCl)(58.4gr/mol NaCl) = 117gr NaCl]]> 2023-05-24 06:56:23 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602876125 madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602880071 Example: Find number of atoms in 117gr NaCl
 
(Calculated on the right): 117gr NaCl = 2 moles
(2mol NaCl) (6.022x10^23/1mol) = 1.20x10^24 atoms NaCl]]> 2023-05-24 06:59:23 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602880071 madisonhng1 https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602903023 Example: Given the following reaction, 2Na + Cl2 -> 2NaCl, and following mixture, [Na]=0.50M, [Cl2]=0.30M, [NaCl]=0.40M, what is the value of reaction quotient Q?

Q = 0.42/(0.52)(0.3) = 0.192]]> 2023-05-24 07:16:53 UTC https://padlet.com/madisonhng1/bmofw3nz0f44zrcy/wish/2602903023