Keegan and Reed by Keegan VanKauwenberg

Zionism

20100522_1 — 2025-04-23 14:59:48 UTC

Zionism is the belief that Jewish people have the right to a national homeland, specifically in Israel, and the idea to have their own and support such a state. It was started by Theodore Herzl in 1897. He wanted the Jews to have there own free state and for them to be away from prosecutors.

2023-now

2025-04-23 15:14:20 UTC

On October 7th, 2023, Hamas launched a large-scale attack on the southern part of Israel, resulting in approximately 1,200 Israeli deaths and the abduction of 251 hostages. Post October 2023, Israel responded with a military operation in Gaza, leading to over 51,000 Palestinian deaths and the displacement of 90% of Gaza's population.

Ottoman Empire

20100522_1 — 2025-04-23 15:16:21 UTC

In 1914, the Ottoman Empire joined into WW1 on the side of Germany. They were fully defeated in 1918 which led to the fall of the Empire. When it collapsed, the Jews were given the chance to practice their religion and be involved into the society.

1993

2025-04-23 15:20:27 UTC

In 1993, Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization, also known as the PLO, signed a peace agreement recognizing each other, aimed at creating the Palestinian state eventually.

The Holocaust

20100522_1 — 2025-04-23 15:22:05 UTC

Jews were being prosecuted in the second World War. With this, they were also fleeing the country and ending up in Israel with the Palestinians. Hitler was the person blaming the Jews which caused them to be mistreated and killed. Jews had to leave Germany to live a better life in Israel. During WW2 there also was some issues letting people move into Palestine.

Israel Split

20100522_1 — 2025-04-23 15:29:03 UTC

Israel split over Jews and Palestinians. One side was a Jew state and the other was an Arab state. Jerusalem is going to be called a international state where anyone and everyone can go because of the holy sites. This happened in may of 1948 with the UN plan.

1995

2025-04-23 15:31:28 UTC

In 1995, Israeli Prime Minister Rabin, who signed the Oslo Accords, was assassinated by a right-wing Israeli extremist. The reason he was assassinated was that the extremist opposed the terms of the Olso Accords.

2000

2025-04-23 15:34:50 UTC

In 2000, the second Intifada, a Palestinian uprising, erupted after Ariel Sharon's visit to the Temple Mount/Al-Aqsa compound. Thousands were killed over a span of 5 years. This also was the formation of Hamas.

6 day war

20100522_1 — 2025-04-24 14:49:29 UTC

After six days of fighting, everything in the region looked different. The map was all messed up, and who was in charge changed a lot. The big idea that was popular before, Gamal Abdel Nasser’s idea then was gone. The Middle East would never be the same again. The war didn’t just change who was in charge, it also changed a lot more.

yom kipper war

2025-04-24 15:07:20 UTC

Yom Kippur War, also known as the Ramadan War, was a major conflict fought from October 6th to October 25th,1973 between arab states led by Egypt and Syria against Israel. Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack on Israel on Yom Kippur, the holiest day in Judaism, aiming to regain territory lost during the Six-Day War.

Jewish Settlements

20100522_1 — 2025-04-24 15:17:50 UTC

They settle into the West Bank, in Israel. There was mass movements from Germany to the West Bank where they could get away from being attacked. They settled there and have been prosecuted and attacked by Palestinians who hate the Jewish. Still today they have issues living there.

Balfour declaration

2025-04-25 13:17:57 UTC

The Balfour Declaration was a statement issued by the British government on November 2, 1917, during World War 1. It was expressed to support the national home for the Jewish people in Palestine, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire. This marked the first political recognition of zionist aims by a major world power. It laid the groundwork for future British policies in the Middle East.

Gaza war

2025-04-25 13:29:42 UTC

The 2008 Gaza War was a three-week military conflict between Israel and Hamas. It lasted from December 27th,2008, to January 18th, 2009. Tensions were rising due to ongoing rocket fire from Gaza into southern Israel and the Israeli blockade of Gaza. On December 27th, Israel launched a massive air attack targeting Hamas infrastructure, police stations, and weapon storage facilities. jan. 3,2009, Israel began a ground invasion of Gaza. Over 1,400 Palestinians were killed while only 13 Israelis were killed.

UN partition plan

2025-04-25 13:48:18 UTC

The United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181, passed November 19th, 1947, proposed the partition of British mandate Palestine into two separate states, one Jewish and one Arab, with Jerusalem placed under international administration. The Jewish state received 55% of the land, and the Arab state received 45%. Jews accepted the plan, but the arab community rejected it, arguing it was unfair and violated the rights of the arab majority in Palestine.

sadat assassination

2025-04-25 13:56:18 UTC

Anwar Sadat, the president of Egypt, was killed on October 6th, 1981, during a military parade in Cairo. The assassination was carried out by Islamist extremists within the Egyptian military. A group of soldiers led by Lieutenant Khalid Islambouli jumped from a military truck and attacked the reviewing stand, using grenades and guns. Sadat was killed instantly along with 11 others, and over 20 were injured. The assassins were quickly arrested, and Isambouli and others were executed.

Oslo Accords

20100522_1 — 2025-04-25 14:52:45 UTC

An issue in the Oslo Accords was the Israeli military left all personal from Palestinian territories and areas. The plan was a withdrawal in phases and a simultaneous change of responsibilities to the Palestinian authorities for maintaining security.

Invasion of Lebanon

20100522_1 — 2025-04-25 15:04:13 UTC

It happened in 1982 when Israel invaded. It's also called the 2nd Invasion and Lebanon. They attacked after an attempted assassination There were many attacks that caused the PLO to intervene. This was not the first time Israel and Lebanon had issues.

Camp David Accords

20100522_1 — 2025-04-25 15:20:13 UTC

It was a peace treaty in 1979 with Israel and Egypt. They wanted self rule and wanted peace between the 2 countries. Not long after the Egypt leader was killed. Making peace with Israel is a reason to kill to the leader/president. It did not work because the PLO and UN did not agree with it.

Jerusalem is capital

20100522_1 — 2025-04-25 15:30:39 UTC

In December of 2017, the U.S recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. There were many countries who criticized the change but as from the US, the issue needed to be solved. Protests broke out in the West Bank and East Jerusalem.

King Abdullah of jordan

2025-04-25 15:31:30 UTC

was assassinated on July 20th,1951, while attending Friday prayers at the Al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem. The assassin, Mustafa Shukri Ashu, a 21-year-old Palestinian associated with nationalist groups opposing Abdullah´s policies, shot the king three times in the head and chest.Ashu was immediately killed by the kings body guards.

Tensions

20100522_1 — 2025-04-25 15:34:22 UTC

In 2014 the tension between the PLO and Hamas started coming out. They signed an agreement but don't agree to some of the factions for it. Gaza and the West Bank are still disconnected from the Palestine leaderships at this time.

2008 Israel and Gaza

20100522_1 — 2025-04-25 15:36:54 UTC

In 2008, Israel attacked Gaza after nearly 800 rockets hit Israeli cities coming from Gaza. It was a war that lasted only a couple of months but it killed a lot of people. It made a lot of international tension rise and it also sparked a lot of criticism.

Israel Border

20100522_1 — 2025-04-25 15:41:08 UTC

In 2002, Israel started building a border. It was on the West Bank to protect Israeli cities. There were many terrorist attacks over the years and this was trying to put an end to it. It was a wall in some areas and fences in the other areas. The barrier impeded on the Palestinian movement in specific areas.

League of Nations Mandate

2025-04-28 13:29:02 UTC

The League of Nations mandate was a system made after WW1 by the League of Nations to administer former territories of the defeated powers. The idea was that these areas were not yet able to govern themselves and needed assistance until they could stand alone.

fall of the ottoman empire

2025-04-28 13:32:49 UTC

The fall of the ottoman empire was a long, gradual process that ended officially after WW1 in 1922.

Long term decline(1600s-1800s)

military defeats

economic problems

Corruption and inefficiency governance