https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm New World Monkeys en-us 2018-05-24 14:44:32 UTC 2018-06-04 23:15:23 UTC hello@padlet.com es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/263382505 Common Name - Marmoset Monkey

Kingdom - Animalia

Phylum - Chordata

Class - Mammalia

Order - Primates

Family - Callitrichidae

Genus - Callithrix

Species - Callithrix jacchus]]> 2018-05-24 15:13:18 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/263382505 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/263384065 Common Name - Spider Monkey

Kingdom - Animalia

Phylum - Chordata

Class - Mammalia

Order - Primates

Family - Atelidae

Genus - Ateles

Species - Ateles fusciceps]]> 2018-05-24 15:17:23 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/263384065 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/263385579 Common Name - Howler Monkey

Kingdom - Animalia

Phylum - Chordata

Class - Mammalia

Order - Primates

Family - Atelidae

Genus - Alouatta

Species - Alouatta arctoidea]]> 2018-05-24 15:21:28 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/263385579 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/263660071 Marmoset monkeys live in a rain forest habitat. They are found in the Amazon River Basin and in rain forests all over Brazil. Physical characteristics of marmoset monkeys are black and grey fur with black fur over head and neck, white ear tufts in adults and juveniles, and the tail has alternating white wide dark bands and pale narrow bands. Their behavioral characteristics are that they are highly social, found in small groups, and older offspring help to rear new born offspring off of the mother.]]> 2018-05-25 14:48:39 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/263660071 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/263661422 Spider monkeys live in evergreen forests, and mangrove forests. They are found in eastern South Africa, north of the Amazon River. Physical characteristics of spider monkeys include slender body and limbs, long-narrow head, nostrils are far apart, and thumbs are not opposable. Behaviorally, spider monkeys are sociable, live in groups of 30, wander independently, a female is always with her offspring, and they use trees for sleeping.]]> 2018-05-25 14:54:28 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/263661422 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/263662660 Howler monkeys live in tropical areas. They can be found throughout jungles in South America. Physically, howler monkeys are the loudest of all monkeys, have a strong tail, and a big lower jaw. Behavioral characteristics of these monkeys include calling out from ten miles away, using their tails to move from branches, and live in groups of 10-15.]]> 2018-05-25 14:59:49 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/263662660 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/263663475 New World Monkeys all have a tail. Although the tails are different sizes and have a different shape to them, they all all used for the same thing. New World Monkeys use their tail to grasp onto trees and move around in the trees. Also, New World Monkeys all have long-lanky arms, but the arms are different sizes depending on the monkey.The long arms are also for moving swiftly from branch to branch. The tail and arms are an example of a analogous structure. They have the same function, but a different structure. This shows that the monkeys faced similar environmental pressures. 

A homologous structure of the monkeys would be their skull shape. The species have a big forehead, flat naval cavities, two eye sockets. All the New World Monkeys share these characteristics in their skull shape. This shows that the monkeys have evolved from a common ancestor.]]> 2018-05-25 15:03:14 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/263663475 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264561086 This karyotype is showing a translocation, but it also shows that the Howler Monkey should have 50 chromosomes. ]]> 2018-05-30 15:27:14 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264561086 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264561802 These karyotypes compare different types of Marmoset monkeys.]]> 2018-05-30 15:29:59 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264561802 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264563359 The number of chromosomes can range from 16 in a titi monkey and 62 in a woolly monkey. Marmoset monkeys and howler monkeys have differences and similarities in chromosomes. The howler monkey has between 48 and 50 chromosomes. The Marmoset monkey has 42 to 44 chromosomes. The karyotype also shows that there are 2 sex chromosomes. The difference in the number of chromosomes show that the species are different. But, the similarity of the number of sex chromosomes show that they are similar. So, these monkeys are pretty closely related. ]]> 2018-05-30 15:34:53 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264563359 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264803665 56 mya]]> 2018-05-31 14:42:05 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264803665 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264804920 48 mya]]> 2018-05-31 14:46:36 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264804920 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264805232 30 mya]]> 2018-05-31 14:47:40 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264805232 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264805757 18 mya]]> 2018-05-31 14:49:27 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264805757 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264805992 8 mya]]> 2018-05-31 14:50:18 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264805992 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264806281 The five fossils are evidence for evolution in new world monkeys. The body shape and the skull size/shape has changed over time. The Plesiadapis fossil shows how this primate's limbs are shorter. Whereas the Notharctus and Pronconsul shows that the limbs are longer. This can be due to the fact that these monkeys had to jump or climb more and needed longer, more muscular legs to do so. In the Aegyptopithecus and Sivapithecus fossils, the skulls are shown. In the Aegyptopithecus, the skull protrudes out further. Whereas the Sivapithecus shows a skull that does not protrude as far. ]]> 2018-05-31 14:51:21 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264806281 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264810647 New World Monkeys evolved from Old World Monkeys 37 mya. The New World Monkeys have evolved a new set of functional genes : DRB11 and DRB*W12. The DRB*W13, *W14, *W15, *W17, *W18, and W*19 only belong to the Cebidae family, which includes Capuchin Monkeys and Squirrel Monkeys. But DRB*W16 has only been documented in the Callitrichidae family, which includes Marmoset Monkeys. This evidence shows that the New World Monkeys have similar DNA, with slight differences. ]]> 2018-05-31 15:04:36 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264810647 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264813739 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8505064

http://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/science-technology/article9097880.html

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12952624

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0185867

https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/macroevolution-examples-from-the-primate-world-96679683

http://www-personal.umich.edu/~phyl/anthro/platy.html

http://www.wildernessclassroom.com/wilderness-library/spider-monkey/

https://animalsake.com/characteristics-of-new-world-monkeys]]> 2018-05-31 15:14:12 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264813739 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264813944 The type of speciation that is at work in New World Monkeys is gradual equilibrium. The evolution of New World Monkeys occured over a long period of time. These monkeys had a long evolution time.]]> 2018-05-31 15:14:52 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264813944 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264815899 The type of evolution that is at work in New World Monkeys is divergent evolution. Divergent evolution occurs when two or more related species evolve from a common ancestor. First, Old World Monkeys and New World Monkeys evolved from the same ancestor. So, Old World Monkeys and New World Monkeys diverged. But, New World Monkeys also diverged between themselves into the 150 species.]]> 2018-05-31 15:22:15 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264815899 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264841001 Geographic isolation is at play between New World Monkeys. New World Monkeys are located in Central and South America and Mexico. Old World Monkeys are located in tropical Africa and Asia. This separation of the two types of monkeys has resulted in an inability to exchange genetic material. Which makes New World Monkeys different. ]]> 2018-05-31 16:59:25 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264841001 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264844498 Microevolution is at work in New World Monkeys between howler monkeys. It was studied that howler monkeys with small molars have decreased fitness than those with large molars. This shows selection on molar size. These results provide support for the assumption that molar size is under natural selection.

Another example of microevolution is found in spider monkeys. Spider monkeys do not have thumbs because they move around trees with their tails and their long limbs help them pick fruit. Because the spider monkeys do not need thumbs, they have evolved to not have them. ]]> 2018-05-31 17:13:49 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264844498 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264884728 Darwin's theory of descent with modification is at shown in New World Monkeys. Descent with Modification simplify means passing traits from parent to offspring. Traits from different monkeys were passed down to their offspring. For example, spider monkeys do not have thumbs. So, the spider monkeys will pass that trait down to their offspring. Also, howler monkeys with large molars have the best fitness and therefore survive and pass their traits down to their offspring.]]> 2018-05-31 20:25:07 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264884728 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264887893 Another one of Darwin's theories of evolution includes natural selection. Natural selection is how descent with modification occurs. New World Monkeys demonstrate directional selection. Directional selection occurs when an extreme phenotype is favored, causing allele frequency to shift overtime. In the case of howler monkeys, a howler monkey will either have small or large molars (which are two extremes of a trait). This separates these two traits into two distinct groups and the monkeys with the larger molars will be more likely to survive. The same goes for the spider monkeys without a thumb. Directional section is most shown throughout the new world monkeys.]]> 2018-05-31 20:46:12 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264887893 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264892095 This phylogenetic tree shows the how related different species are.]]> 2018-05-31 21:17:06 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264892095 es571 https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264894025 Four major characteristics shared by all organisms in Platyrrhine are long-sharp nails, wide nostrils, move by climbing, and they have long tails.]]> 2018-05-31 21:30:26 UTC https://padlet.com/es571/bjru2tufvmxm/wish/264894025