Mauna Kea in Hawaii is the tallest mountain when measured from its base on the ocean floor, reaching over 33,000 feet (10,000 meters).

The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert, spanning 3.6 million square miles (9.4 million square kilometers) in North Africa.

Antarctica is the largest cold desert, covering about 5.5 million square miles (14.2 million square kilometers).

The Great Plains in North America stretch from Canada to Texas, covering about 1.3 million square miles (3.4 million square kilometers).

Desert dunes can reach heights of over 500 feet (150 meters), like those in the Namib Desert.

The Atacama Desert in Chile is the driest place on Earth, with some areas receiving less than 1 millimeter of rain per year.

The Pampas in Argentina are known for their rich soil and are a major agricultural region.

The Eurasian Steppe is the largest temperate grassland, extending from Hungary to China.

Floodplains are flat areas near rivers that are prone to flooding, which can deposit nutrient-rich soil.

The Great Rift Valley in Africa is a major geological feature stretching from Lebanon to Mozambique.

Glacial valleys are formed by glaciers and often have a U-shaped cross-section, like Yosemite Valley in California.