869 – prince Rurik established this 7 century long dynasty in Novgorod.

882 – Oleg, Rukiks successor, expanded the empire down the Dnieper river, taking Kiev and making it the capital in the process

950s – princess Olga of Kiev converted to Christianity after visiting Constantinople. Now recognized as a saint and for introducing Christianity to the Rus.

980s - Grand prince Volodymyr wanted to marry the byzantine princess because politics. He would be allowed to if he converted to Christianity and he obliged. This baptism had a massive impact on the Kyivan Rus: spread of Christianity, use of Cyrillic alphabet, new schools and churches built.

1000s – grand prince Yaroslav the wise made a new legal code and increase in literary culture, causing a golden age.

1054 – after Yaroslav’s death, the state decentralized. Dnieper trade slowed and treasury being all used up because of wars (on the east and infighting between princes) caused Kyivan Rus to lose their initial power

1132 – state officially split after a grand prince passed away and local lords wanted more land for more power. Novgorod and Vladimir becoming their own states, now separate from Kiev.

1199/1253 – promoted by the pope, Galicia and Volhynian combined into one state called Ruthenia (the early name for Ukraine)

1272 – made Lviv capital. Trade routes with Poland, Hungary, byzantine, Mongols

1238/1240 – Mongols conquer Moscow and Kyiv. Things that weren’t directly absorbed was made into a vassal, which Poland and Lithuania took all of

1400 – Poland’s empire stretching to the coast (bilgorod), and Lithuania with the Dnieper valley. Here starts Ukraine’s cage of being at the border of empires!! Lithuania and Poland made everybody and everything more polish. Surprisingly, unable to reach everyone. The orthodox ethnic Ukrainian of Cossacks made ‘the wild fields’ to the south east to keep their Ukrainian culture

1600s – no longer seasonal hunting communities. Now self-governing-democracy. Now sandwiched between Poland, Russian, and ottoman empire. Poland liked when they fought off the ottomans. Poland also liked keeping autonomy from the Cossacks.

1648 - Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, a leading hetman, took down the polish crown and created the Cossack hetmanate. The first time Ukraine got to be an independent state in over 300 years

1667 – had flimsy alliances with neighbors until Russia split Ukraine with them and Poland

1772 – Russia takes all of Ukraine, and Poland while they’re at it. Wanted to make new places they conquered more Russian (sending out native Russians, banning Ukrainian language) an Austrian held Galicia was the only place polish and Ukrainians could express their national identity with literature

1917 – Russian empire explodes itself

1917/1921 – Ukraine and others declare themselves independence states again,

1921/1930 – Ukraine is added to the USSR bc of the tsars, still its own state. Cultural differences celebrated by USSR at first (building churches, promoting Ukrainian language) until Stalin. He ordered for all wheat grown in Ukraine to be exported for industrialization, purposefully creating a famine, killing over 4 million

1939 – Russia invades Poland and adds the Galicia to the Ukrainian SSR

1941 – Germany launches an attack, taking the entirety of Ukraine. Soviets burned, killed political prisoners, destroyed infrastructure, and destroyed food supplies as revenge on the Germans. By the time the USSR got itself back together, WWII was over, and 8 million more Ukrainians had been killed.

1989 – the Chernobyl disaster destroys takes place

1991 – USSR falls apart, Ukraine is given independence again with a 92% vote in favor of it.

2004/2014 – Ukrainians take to the streets in an uprise again the political corruption caused by Viktor Yanukovych. The Crimean Peninsula is taken by Russia. The ukranian-russo war begins

2018 – Russian orthodox church breaks off from the orthodox Constantinople church for its recognition of Ukraine having religious independence from Moscow

2022 – Russia starts a ground invasion in Ukraine

Fedir Perotskyi created a way to conduct an electric current onto a railway, causing the cart to move in 1880

Volodymyr Melnikov made ecological fuel for cars. he uses wasted wood and documents his projects online