In Biblical times, King King Solomon’s temple doors were made of Olive-wood, as were many doors of the past. In India, there are ancient doors made out of stone that were creatively designed with stone pivots to swing open.
As time progressed and advancements were made, the Romans used their creative architectural minds to create more advanced doors. These doors were usually made out of bronze and included the use of single, double, sliding, and folding doors.

In Roman Religion, Janus was the Roman god of doors and archways. As the Romans were suspicious people, during times of war, there were lucky and unlucky ways for an army to march through a janus (door). The Janus Germinus is a famous door in Rome, a shrine for the Roman god Janus. It stands as a simple rectangular bronze structure with double doors at each end and was closed during times of peace, open during times of war.

The first recorded automatic door was created 1st century AD during the era of Roman Egypt by a Greek scholar known as Heron of Alexandria. If we’re talking about ingenuity, leave it to the Chinese to create the first foot-sensor-activated door during the reign of Emperor of Yang of Sui, ruling from 604 to 618.

During the 12th and 13th century in medieval times, “The Symbol At Your Door” was significant. Differing seals could stand for reputation, prestige, status and wealth. These doors were created from whatever material was available in the region and copper and bronze were integral materials for medieval architecture — the base material for doors were mainly strong oak.

Whether the door was for a a cathedral or a castle, they were constructed in a plywood fashion and would be held together with steel studs, reinforced with steel iron bands — meant to proof against small forces.
Craftsmanship was at it’s finest in the 16th and 17th century, in a time period known as the renaissance. This era was considered the bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history. It was a time when intellectual pursuits prevailed and art techniques were refined by masters like Michelangelo and Da Vinci. Classical Greek designs were incorporated into cathedrals and monuments to bring forth a new realism in sculpture and craftsmanship.

Spanish style renaissance doors were studded with hundreds of hand-forged iron clavos or nails. Tuscan style doors from the hills of Italy were of great beauty, their borders were adorned with figures, birds and foliage. In many of the doors, rectangular panels were filled with bas-reliefs (sculpture, carving, or mold) in which scripture subjects are illustrated with innumerable figures. Michelangelo described these doors as the “gates to paradise.”

As religion reigned supreme during this era, the finest French renaissance doors were first created for cathedrals. Characterized by their Gothic details, coats of arms, and/or royal and period motifs, French doors were mainly carved from fine ceder wood. The most majestic doors had high canopies and double range of niches ( classical architecture reduced in size, retaining the half-dome) with figures.

Years later, French doors were enriched with bas-reliefs, landscapes, figures and elaborate interlaced borders.

Doors have been symbolic and evolved stylistically in various cultures for centuries.

At Pinky’s Iron Door’s, we have taken inspiration and knowledge from each of these era’s to create exceptionally elegant and timeless wrought iron doors, steel doors, entry doors, wine cellar doors, french doors, dutch doors — all designed with high quality materials and a medley of modern and old world aesthetics in mind.

Our designs are second to none, and styles range from classical, modern, Tuscan, French, Modern, Classical and many more.

Learn more about the timeless styles and history Pinky’s Iron Doors has expertly embraced for our exterior and interior door designs by reading, See The Top 5 Must Have Wrought Iron Door Designs Of 2019 and 10 Types Of Custom Iron Doors That Will Skyrocket Your Homes Value In 2019.

In 1906, Alberto Santos Dumont made the first world record by flying 220 metres in less than 22 seconds, this was done without a catapult.

In 1919, the first international flight took place between the United States and Canada.

In 1943, the Germans had the first operational jet aircraft. 

In 1947, the Bell X-1 managed to exceed the speed of sound.

In 1952, the British introduced the first commercial jet plane but suffered from structural failures because of its windows.

In 2005, Airbus made the first flight of the biggest passenger plane in the world. This plane is the Airbus A380, which has two decks and can seat 868 passengers.

Computers as we know them today only really started being made in 1980.
In 1980, the first one gigabyte disk drive was released in the world.

A Computer is machine that takes what you put into it, and then gives you some information back.
Computers have something called a microprocessor that can make calculations super-fast.

They also have a memory, or what is referred to as Ram. This stores all the information you need when you’re not using it.
It also keeps everything your computer needs to work nice and safe.

There are a number of references to traditional, ancient, or prehistoric ball games played in many different parts of the world.^[3][4][5] Contemporary codes of football can be traced back to the codification of these games at English public schools during the 19th century.^[6][7] The expansion of the British Empire allowed these rules of football to spread to areas of British influence outside the directly controlled Empire.^[8] By the end of the 19th century, distinct regional codes were already developing: Gaelic football, for example, deliberately incorporated the rules of local traditional football games in order to maintain their heritage.^[9] In 1888, The Football League was founded in England, becoming the first of many professional football competitions. During the 20th century, several of the various kinds of football grew to become some of the most popular team sports in the world
Modern balls

Main article: Football (ball)
In Europe, early footballs were made out of animal bladders, more specifically pig's bladders, which were inflated. Later leather coverings were introduced to allow the balls to keep their shape.^[77] However, in 1851, Richard Lindon and William Gilbert, both shoemakers from the town of Rugby (near the school), exhibited both round and oval-shaped balls at the Great Exhibition in London. Richard Lindon's wife is said to have died of lung disease caused by blowing up pig's bladders.^[78] Lindon also won medals for the invention of the "Rubber inflatable Bladder" and the "Brass Hand Pump". 

In 1855, the U.S. inventor Charles Goodyear – who had patented vulcanised rubber – exhibited a spherical football, with an exterior of vulcanised rubber panels, at the Paris Exhibition Universelle. The ball was to prove popular in early forms of football in the U.S.^[79]

The iconic ball with a regular pattern of hexagons and pentagons (see truncated icosahedron) did not become popular until the 1960s, and was first used in the World Cup in 1970. 

Main article: Passing (association football)

The earliest reference to a game of football involving players passing the ball and attempting to score past a goalkeeper was written in 1633 by David Wedderburn, a poet and teacher in Aberdeen, Scotland.^[80] Nevertheless, the original text does not state whether the allusion to passing as 'kick the ball back' ('Repercute pilam') was in a forward or backward direction or between members of the same opposing teams (as was usual at this time)^[81]

"Scientific" football is first recorded in 1839 from Lancashire^[82] and in the modern game in Rugby football from 1862^[83] and from Sheffield FC as early as 1865.^[84][85] The first side to play a passing combination game was the Royal Engineers AFC in 1869/70^[86][87] By 1869 they were "work[ing] well together", "backing up" and benefiting from "cooperation".^[88] By 1870 the Engineers were passing the ball: "Lieut. Creswell, who having brought the ball up the side then kicked it into the middle to another of his side, who kicked it through the posts the minute before time was called".^[89] Passing was a regular feature of their style.^[90] By early 1872 the Engineers were the first football team renowned for "play[ing] beautifully together".^[91] A double pass is first reported from Derby school against Nottingham Forest in March 1872, the first of which is irrefutably a short pass: "Mr Absey dribbling the ball half the length of the field delivered it to Wallis, who kicking it cleverly in front of the goal, sent it to the captain who drove it at once between the Nottingham posts".^[92] The first side to have perfected the modern formation was Cambridge University AFC^[93][94][95] and introduced the 2–3–5 "pyramid" formation.^[96][97]

Main article: Cambridge rules

During the nineteenth century, several codifications of the rules of football were made at the University of Cambridge, in order to enable students from different public schools to play each other. The Cambridge Rules of 1863 influenced the decision of Football Association to ban Rugby-style carrying of the ball in its own first set of laws.^[98]

Main article: Sheffield rules

By the late 1850s, many football clubs had been formed throughout the English-speaking world, to play various codes of football. Sheffield Football Club, founded in 1857 in the English city of Sheffield by Nathaniel Creswick and William Prest, was later recognised as the world's oldest club playing association football.^[99] However, the club initially played its own code of football: the Sheffield rules. The code was largely independent of the public school rules, the most significant difference being the lack of an offside rule. 

The code was responsible for many innovations that later spread to association football. These included free kicks, corner kicks, handball, throw-ins and the crossbar.^[100] By the 1870s they became the dominant code in the north and midlands of England. At this time a series of rule changes by both the London and Sheffield FAs gradually eroded the differences between the two games until the adoption of a common code in 1877. 
Main article: The Football Association
During the early 1860s, there were increasing attempts in England to unify and reconcile the various public school games. In 1862, J. C. Thring, who had been one of the driving forces behind the original Cambridge Rules, was a master at Uppingham School and he issued his own rules of what he called "The Simplest Game" (these are also known as the Uppingham Rules). In early October 1863 another new revised version of the Cambridge Rules was drawn up by a seven member committee representing former pupils from Harrow, Shrewsbury, Eton, Rugby, Marlborough and Westminster. 

At the Freemasons' Tavern, Great Queen Street, London on the evening of 26 October 1863, representatives of several football clubs in the London Metropolitan area met for the inaugural meeting of The Football Association (FA). The aim of the Association was to establish a single unifying code and regulate the playing of the game among its members. Following the first meeting, the public schools were invited to join the association. All of them declined, except Charterhouse and Uppingham. In total, six meetings of the FA were held between October and December 1863. After the third meeting, a draft set of rules were published. However, at the beginning of the fourth meeting, attention was drawn to the recently published Cambridge Rules of 1863. The Cambridge rules differed from the draft FA rules in two significant areas; namely running with (carrying) the ball and hacking (kicking opposing players in the shins). The two contentious FA rules were as follows: 

At the fifth meeting it was proposed that these two rules be removed. Most of the delegates supported this, but F. M. Campbell, the representative from Blackheath and the first FA treasurer, objected. He said: "hacking is the true football". However, the motion to ban running with the ball in hand and hacking was carried and Blackheath withdrew from the FA. After the final meeting on 8 December, the FA published the "Laws of Football", the first comprehensive set of rules for the game later known as Association Football. The term "soccer", in use since the late 19th century, derives from an Oxford University abbreviation of "Association".^[105]

The first FA rules still contained elements that are no longer part of association football, but which are still recognisable in other games (such as Australian football and rugby football): for instance, a player could make a fair catch and claim a mark, which entitled him to a free kick; and if a player touched the ball behind the opponents' goal line, his side was entitled to a free kick at goal, from 15 yards (13.5 metres) in front of the goal line. 

In 1712, Thomas Newcomen, invented an engine that was used to pump water out of mines. This steam engine was the most important invention of the Industrial Revolution. This engine was used in factories, mines, locomotives and steamboats. To work, it needed hot steam from boiling water to drive a piston to move back and forward. The movement of the piston was used to power a machine or turn the wheel. The steam engine helped to power the Industrial Revolution. Before the steam power came most factories and mills were powered by water, man, horse and wind. Water was a good power source but factories had to be located near a river. There was a disadvantage because river water can dry up in winter and wind didn’t always blow. The steam engines used throughout the 1800s and steams were improved and they became smaller and more efficient. 

Nowadays the use of paper is important but not important as few years ago, because today we are trying to reduce the use of paper for ecological reasons.

Before the invention of paper, people used different materials like wood, stone, and bone to write on. Around 2200 BC, the Egyptians discovered a type of reed called papyrus which could be used to write on by overlapping thin strips that had been soaked in water. The word “paper” was derived from papyrus.

Paper was invented in ancient China around 105 AD by Ts’ai Lun (or Chai Lun), an official of the imperial court. However, a recent archeological survey indicates that paper had already been invented 200 years earlier and was used by the ancient Chinese military. Ts’ai Lun used the bark of the mulberry tree and pounded the fibers into a sheet. Later, he discovered that the quality of the paper could be improved by adding hemp and old fish nets to the pulp. Soon, paper became the new writing material, and it only took a few years before it was widely in use all over China. Later, paper was brought to the rest of the world.

Television broadcasts can be distributed over the air by VHF and UHF radio signals from terrestrial transmitting stations, by microwave signals from Earth orbiting satellites, or by wired transmission to individual consumers by cable tv. Many countries have moved away from the original analog radio transmission methods and now use digital televisions standards, providing additional operating features and conserving radio spectrum bandwidth for more profitable uses. Television programming can also be distributed over the Internet.

Television broadcasting may be funded by advertising revenue, by private or governmental organizations prepared to underwrite the cost, or in some countries, by television license fees paid by owners of receivers. Some services, especially carried by cable or satellite, are paid by subscriptions.

Television broadcasting is supported by continuing technical developments such as long-haul microwave networks, which allow distribution of programming over a wide geographic area. Video recording methods allow programming to be edited and replayed for later use. Three-dimensional television has been used commercially but has not received wide consumer acceptance owing to the limitations of display methods.

The first electricity-generating wind turbine was a battery charging machine installed in July 1887 by Scottish academic James Blyth to light his holiday home in Marykirk, Scotland. Some months later American inventor  Charles F. Brush was able to build the first automatically operated wind turbine after consulting local University professors and colleagues  Jacob S Gibbs and Brinsley Coleberd and successfully getting the blueprints peer-reviewed for electricity production in Cleveland, Ohio. Although Blyth's turbine was considered uneconomical in the United Kingdom, electricity generation by wind turbines was more cost effective in countries with widely scattered populations.   

In Denmark by 1900, there were about 2500 windmills for mechanical loads such as pumps and mills, producing an estimated combined peak power of about 30 MW. The largest machines were on 24-meter (79 ft) towers with four-bladed 23-meter (75 ft) diameter rotors. By 1908, there were 72 wind-driven electric generators operating in the United States from 5 kW to 25 kW. Around the time of World War I, American windmill makers were producing 100,000 farm windmills each year, mostly for water-pumping. 

By the 1930s, wind generators for electricity were common on farms, mostly in the United States where distribution systems had not yet been installed. In this period, high-tensile steel was cheap, and the generators were placed atop prefabricated open steel lattice towers.

A forerunner of modern horizontal-axis wind generators was in service at Yalta, USSR in 1931. This was a 100 kW generator on a 30-meter (98 ft) tower, connected to the local 6.3 kV distribution system. It was reported to have an annual capacity factor of 32 percent, not much different from current wind machines. 

In the autumn of 1941, the first megawatt-class wind turbine was synchronized to a utility grid in Vermont. The Smith-  Putnam wind turbines only ran for 1,100 hours before suffering a critical failure. The unit was not repaired, because of a shortage of materials during the war.

The first utility grid-connected wind turbine to operate in the UK was built by John Brown & Company in 1951 in the Orkney Islands.

Despite these diverse developments, developments in fossil fuel systems almost entirely eliminated any wind turbine systems larger than super micro size. In the early 1970's, however, anti-nuclear protests in Denmark spurred artisan mechanics to develop micro turbines of 22 kW. Organizing owners into associations and co-operatives lead to the lobbying of the government and utilities and provided incentives for larger turbines throughout the 1980's and later. Local activists in Germany, nascent turbine manufacturers in Spain, and large investors in the United States in the early 1990's then lobbied for policies that stimulated the industry in those countries.

It has been argued that expanding use of wind power will lead to increasing geopolitical competition over critical materials for wind turbines such as rare earth elements neodymium, praseodymium, and dysprosium. But this perspective has been criticised for failing to recognize that most wind turbines do not use permanent magnets and for underestimating the power of economic incentives for expanded production of these minerals.