Political movements supporting Welsh self-rule began in the late nineteenth century alongside a rise in Welsh nationalism.

Since World War II, various movements and proposals have advocated different models of Welsh devolution.

First referendum 1979 was rejected by 79% of voters.

In 1997, subsequent referendum on devolution narrowly supported devolution.

Since then exis the devolution of Wales.

The Scottish Parliament was established on May 12 in 1999. 

It is composed of 129 elected Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs). They are elected for five-year terms under the additional member system. The most recent general election to the Parliament was held on 6 May 2021, with the Scottish National Party winning a plurality.

Furthermore, the Parliament is the legislative of Scotland and debates current issues. It has the right to make laws concerning the “devolved matters” (education, environment,health,..). The “reserved matters” are still in the responsibility of the British Parliament (defence, foreign policy, industry,…).

Devolution of Scotland

the referendum of 2014 --> 18.09.2014

the winning "no" side with 2,001,926 votes and the losing "yes" team with 1,617,989 with 

votes

reasons, why the referendum took place:

-campaigns for more powers ability of Scotland to make all its political decisions, so things like 

defence and foreign policy

A second referendum?

Reasons to install a new and second referendum → massive changes after Brexit (most 

people in Scotland supported the “remain” campaign) and the pandemic 

First minister Nicola Sturgeon plans to a vote on the 19 October 2023; but the UK Supreme 

Court still needs approve the referendum and Prime Minister Liz Truss opposes the vote (“ a 

once-in-a-generation-opportunity”)

Today: no clear image, whether the Scottish people prefer independence of the UK or not