Medical-surgical Nursing II by Karen S

Tell us 5 facts about your Hematologic Problem

seelk1 — 2025-09-15 00:38:42 UTC

Using your phones and the internet or AI look up the disorder and see what you can find out- what is it, how does it manifest, who is more likely to get it, how is it diagnosed, how is it treated?

5 Facts About Beta Thalassemia

2025-09-15 13:16:21 UTC

Severity depends on the # of mutated genes.
Symptoms stem from a shortage of hemoglobin.
Blood Transfusions are and chelation are standard treatment.
Risks are higher in certain populations (Middle eastern, south asian, and southeast asian decent).
Stem cell transplant is a potential cure.

Multiple Myeloma

2025-09-15 13:19:52 UTC

1) cancer that forms in plasma and builds up in the bone marrow

2) early on, there may be no symptoms

3) try to produce antibodies like normal plasma but the body cannot use them

4) higher risk of development in African Americans and men

5) can cause bones to break or thin

Von Willebrand's Disease

2025-09-15 13:30:04 UTC

Autumn, Lindsay, Rachel

VWD is a genetic coagulation disorder
normally functioing Von Willebrand's protein helps platelets stick to injured blood vessels and form clots
early s/s include brusing, bleeding gums from brushing teeth, frequent/prolonged nose bleeds, heavy menstration
most common inherited bleeding disorder
endomitrial ablations can be done to treat heavy menstrual bleeding after women decide they are done childbearing

Hepatitis A

2025-10-22 13:19:27 UTC

How is it type transmitted?
through fecal oral route which means the virus spreads when someone ingests food and water that is contaminated by feces of an infected person.
What are the current treatments?
supportive care/symptomatic management.
pre and post exposure prophylaxis and vaccination.
avoiding liver stress and monitoring and managing complications.
Does this cause hospitalization?
depend on severity of infection most have a mild illness and recover completely within a couple weeks, some develop more severe symptoms.
Signs and symptoms?
unusual tiredness and weakness
sudden nausea and vomiting and diarrhea
clay or gray colored stool
dark urine
Jaundice
intense itching
joint pain
abdominal pain
Is there a vaccine?
yes 2 doses and second dose given 6-12 months
95% effective at preventing

Hepatitis B

2025-10-22 13:20:35 UTC

1. How is Hepatitis B transmitted?

Hepatitis B is transmitted by blood or body fluids , sexual contact, sharing needles/ syringes, from mother to baby during birth and if you travel to areas with high rates of Hep B infections

2. What are the current treatments?

oral antivirals medications such as health Entecavir and Tenofavir. Interferon injections such pegylated interferon and combinition therapy of both oral antivals and interferon injetions

3. Does this cause hospitalization?

Yes, there are two types: acute which causes severe symptoms and chronic which are long-term

4. Signs and Symptoms?

Acute (early phase)- fatigue, fever, headache, muscle cramps

Chronic (late stage)- jaundice, dark urine, and pale stools

5. Is there a Vaccine?

Yes, there is a vaccine

Hepatitis E

2025-10-22 13:27:29 UTC

How is it transmitted?

Through fecal/oral ingestion of contaminated food & water.

What are the current treatments?

Rest & supportive care. Lasts 2-4wks

Does this cause hospitalization?

No, most people recover. In severe cases (pregnant & immunocompromised people) hospitalization may be required for monitoring.

Signs and Symptoms?

Fatigue, fever, jaundice, N/V, abd. pain, dark urine and clay colored stools.

Is there a vaccine?

Only in china.

Hepatitis C

2025-10-22 13:35:00 UTC

How is this type transmitted?

Primarily through blood. You get it by coming into contact with blood from someone infected with Hep C (HCV). Transmission often occurs when people share needles for injecting drugs. Researchers estimate 2-4 million people in the US have Hep C. Other possible causes of transmission include: Being born to mother with hepatitis C, Exposure to infected blood or needles in healthcare settings, getting a tattoo or body piercing with unsterilized equipment, sharing razor or toothbrush with somebody who might have bled while using it.

What are the current treatments?

Direct acting antivirals (DAAS) oral meds taken QD 8-12 weeks with a 95% cure rates. Epclusa, Mavyret, Vosevi

Does this cause hospitalization?

Yes

Signs and Symptoms?

Acute: Abd pain, dark colored urine, light colored stool, flu like symptoms (fever, fatigue, nausea, body aches), jaundice.

Chronic: Bloody stool or emesis, frequent excessive bleeding/bruising, itchy skin, reddish dark colored palms, small spider like blood vessels showing in your skin, swollen belly from fluid buildup.

Is there a Vaccine?