Pharmacology And The Autonomic Nervous System by https://padlet.com/sherirussell/badn165cyts6lbmk en-us 2020-09-16 18:04:49 UTC 2020-09-16 19:44:49 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f48a.png What are the two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System and alternate names associated with each? sherirussell https://padlet.com/sherirussell/badn165cyts6lbmk/wish/752736617 The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) and the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS).

The PNS is also known as the "Rest and Digest" Division, Craniosacral Division, and the Cholinergic Nervous System. 

The SNS is also known as the "Fight or Flight" Division, Thoracolumbar Division, and the Adrenergic Nervous System. ]]> 2020-09-16 18:06:28 UTC https://padlet.com/sherirussell/badn165cyts6lbmk/wish/752736617 What neurotransmitters are associated with the PNS and SNS? sherirussell https://padlet.com/sherirussell/badn165cyts6lbmk/wish/752741002 The neurotransmitters of the Parasympathetic Nervous System are Acetylcholine (ACh). 

The neurotransmitters of the Sympathetic Nervous System are Acetylcholine (ACh), Norepinephrine (NE), and Epinephrine (EPI).]]> 2020-09-16 18:07:29 UTC https://padlet.com/sherirussell/badn165cyts6lbmk/wish/752741002 Where are the locations of neurotransmitter release for the PNS and SNS? sherirussell https://padlet.com/sherirussell/badn165cyts6lbmk/wish/752745077 The PNS releases the neurotransmitter ACh at both the ganglia and post ganglionic nerve endings. 

The SNS releases the neurotransmitter ACh at the ganglia nerve ending. The SNS also releases the neurotransmitter NE at the post ganglionic nerve endings. NE and EPI are released by the adrenal medulla but still act upon adrenergic receptors. ]]> 2020-09-16 18:08:24 UTC https://padlet.com/sherirussell/badn165cyts6lbmk/wish/752745077 What are the types of receptors and their location for the PNS and SNS? sherirussell https://padlet.com/sherirussell/badn165cyts6lbmk/wish/752756009 The PNS's cholinergic receptors are called muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Muscarinic receptors are located in the cell membranes of the visceral organs and glands. Nicotinic receptors have two types, Nn (nerve) and Nm (muscle). Nn receptors are located at both the PNS and SNS ganglia while the Nm receptors are located on the cell membranes of skeletal muscle. 

The SNS's adrenergic receptors are called beta and alpha receptors. Beta receptors have two types, 1 and 2. Beta 1 receptors are located in the heart while Beta 2 receptors are located in the smooth muscle of the coronary and skeletal muscle blood vessels as well as the bronchiolar smooth muscle. Alpha receptors also have two types, 1 and 2. Alpha 1 receptors are located mostly on the smooth muscle of arteries, veins, and sphincters of the urinary/GI tract while Alpha 2 receptors are located on the adrenergic nerve endings. ]]> 2020-09-16 18:10:55 UTC https://padlet.com/sherirussell/badn165cyts6lbmk/wish/752756009 What are the Heart, GI Tract, Lung, Vessel, Bladder, and Eye responses when stimulated by the PNS? sherirussell https://padlet.com/sherirussell/badn165cyts6lbmk/wish/752761170 Heart Response: Decrease in heart rate and AV conduction; Slight decrease in contractility

GI Tract Response:
Increased intestine and GI motility/secretions
 
Lung Response:
Bronchoconstriction
 
Vessel Response:
Most arteries are NOT supplied by parasympathetic nerves

Bladder Response:
Contraction

Eye Response:
Constriction (miosis)
]]> 2020-09-16 18:12:09 UTC https://padlet.com/sherirussell/badn165cyts6lbmk/wish/752761170 What are the Heart, GI Tract, Lung, Vessel, Bladder, and Eye responses when stimulated by the SNS? sherirussell https://padlet.com/sherirussell/badn165cyts6lbmk/wish/752766485 Heart Response:
Increase in heart rate and AV conduction; Increase in contractility

GI Tract Response:
Decreased intestine and GI motility/secretions

Lung Response:
Bronchodilation

Vessel Response:
Vasoconstriction with the exception of coronary and skeletal muscle arteries--which are dilated

Bladder Response:
Relaxation

Eye Response:
Dilation (mydriasis)]]> 2020-09-16 18:13:29 UTC https://padlet.com/sherirussell/badn165cyts6lbmk/wish/752766485 What are the drug classifications for the PNS? sherirussell https://padlet.com/sherirussell/badn165cyts6lbmk/wish/752789042 The drug classifications of the PNS fall in two categories--Agonist and Antagonist drugs. Agonist drug classifications for the PNS are named Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonists and Indirect Acting Cholinergic Agents. Antagonist drug classifications for the PNS are named Anticholinergic.]]> 2020-09-16 18:19:06 UTC https://padlet.com/sherirussell/badn165cyts6lbmk/wish/752789042 What are some specific drug examples of the drug classifications of the PNS? sherirussell https://padlet.com/sherirussell/badn165cyts6lbmk/wish/752792320 Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonists:
  • acetylcholine
  • pilocarpine (Pilocar®)
  • bethanechol (Urecholine®)
Indirect Acting Cholinergic Agents: 
  • neostigmine (Prostigmin®)
Anticholinergic:  
  • atropine
  • dicyclomine (Bentyl®)
]]> 2020-09-16 18:19:57 UTC https://padlet.com/sherirussell/badn165cyts6lbmk/wish/752792320 What are the drug classifications for the SNS? sherirussell https://padlet.com/sherirussell/badn165cyts6lbmk/wish/752795233 The drug classifications of the SNS fall in two categories--Agonist and Antagonist drugs. Agonist drug classifications for the SNS are named Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists, Adrenergic Agonists, Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists, and Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists. Antagonist drug classifications for the SNS are named Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blockers, Beta Blocker Nonselective, and Beta Blocker Selective.  ]]> 2020-09-16 18:20:43 UTC https://padlet.com/sherirussell/badn165cyts6lbmk/wish/752795233 What are some specific drug examples of the drug classifications of the SNS? sherirussell https://padlet.com/sherirussell/badn165cyts6lbmk/wish/752796029 Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists:
  • ephedrine
  • phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)
Adrenergic Agonists: 
  • epinephrine (Adrenalin®)
Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists:
  • dobutamine (Dobutamine®)
Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists: 
  • formoterol (Foradil®)
  • albuterol (Proventil®/Ventolin®)
  • terbutaline (Brethine®)
Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blockers: 
  • prazosin (Minipress®)
  • terazosin (Hytrin®)
  • toxazosin (Cardura®)
Beta Blocker Nonselective:
  • nadolol (Corgard®)
  • propranolol (Inderol®)
  • timolol (Blocadren®)
Beta Blocker Selective: 
  • tenolol (Tenormin®)
  • metoprolol (Lopressor®)
]]> 2020-09-16 18:20:55 UTC https://padlet.com/sherirussell/badn165cyts6lbmk/wish/752796029 Source sherirussell https://padlet.com/sherirussell/badn165cyts6lbmk/wish/753066558 Hitner, Henry, and Barbara T. Nagle. Pharmacology: An Introduction. Vol. 4, McGraw-Hill Education, 2016.


]]> 2020-09-16 19:41:37 UTC https://padlet.com/sherirussell/badn165cyts6lbmk/wish/753066558