Paradigms and Types of Research by Analía López Ale https://padlet.com/analialopezale/bac41j08w4b1y1gl Welcome to our first digital collaborative board! We will interact here to share the presentation of practice task 1. For Task 1 each of you have been asigned a paradigm to explore. Please a upload your contribution under the tag of the pardigm you have been assigned by clicking in the plus + sign. Your contribution can be a ppt/prezi/google slide presentation, a video or podcast where you develop the main characteristics of the assigned paradigm. Thanks! en-us 2022-03-31 20:04:04 UTC 2022-05-05 21:50:06 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.com/analialopezale/bac41j08w4b1y1gl/wish/2149136903 2022-04-19 19:07:13 UTC https://padlet.com/analialopezale/bac41j08w4b1y1gl/wish/2149136903 43404120 https://padlet.com/analialopezale/bac41j08w4b1y1gl/wish/2149696439 2022-04-20 03:44:57 UTC https://padlet.com/analialopezale/bac41j08w4b1y1gl/wish/2149696439 Hello everyone, here is my work about Post-positivism. ogasr09 https://padlet.com/analialopezale/bac41j08w4b1y1gl/wish/2150121810 2022-04-20 10:41:55 UTC https://padlet.com/analialopezale/bac41j08w4b1y1gl/wish/2150121810 Hello! Here it's the Transformative/Critical Paradigm https://padlet.com/analialopezale/bac41j08w4b1y1gl/wish/2151035812 2022-04-20 21:40:47 UTC https://padlet.com/analialopezale/bac41j08w4b1y1gl/wish/2151035812 Link to the written document ogasr09 https://padlet.com/analialopezale/bac41j08w4b1y1gl/wish/2151919531 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1mCp34rT-yRNyZUa79IghqWhD-Bm_io1rz0Vp2mEzhlw/edit?usp=drivesdk]]> 2022-04-21 12:00:45 UTC https://padlet.com/analialopezale/bac41j08w4b1y1gl/wish/2151919531 Post-positivist research methods ogasr09 https://padlet.com/analialopezale/bac41j08w4b1y1gl/wish/2160218251 The post-positivist research paradigm can make use of both the qualitative and the quantitative methods. Some examples of research methods are: 
- Survey (quantitative): it targets a specific population and it collects data from subjects who respond to a series of questions, often in the form of a questionnaire. This method allows the researcher to collect large amounts of data and facilitates its organisation.
- Interview (qualitative): one-on-one conversation between the researcher and the subject or subjects. Personal experiences are appreciated since they recognise the phenomena more abstractly and less objectively. 
- Secondary Data Analysis: Content analysis: applying a systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand. This data helps to determine whether or not the researcher's hypothesis were correct or not and develop new interpretations.


Webgraphy
Research Methods. Introduction to Sociology. Retrieved from: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sociology/chapter/research-methods/ Visited 25/04/22]]> 2022-04-27 11:47:15 UTC https://padlet.com/analialopezale/bac41j08w4b1y1gl/wish/2160218251 Interpretivist research methods 43404120 https://padlet.com/analialopezale/bac41j08w4b1y1gl/wish/2161444242     As I mentioned in the video, the interpretivist paradigm is mainly based on naturalistic approaches of data collection such as interviews and observations. These are purely qualitative approaches and, therefore, go against the Positivist paradigm which is mostly concerned with the quantitative approach.
    Aek Phakiti, in his book Experimental Research Methods in Language Learning (2014:55), writes the following lines as regards the interpretive methodologies:

"At the methodological level, the constructivist paradigm adopts a non-experimental, non-manipulative set of research procedures. Such have been referred to as ethnographic, dialogic and hermeneutic."

    Ethnographic studies make use of an extent of techniques associated with prolonged fieldwork, for instance, participant observations and in-depth interviews.
    Dialogic approaches allow, as the word suggests, a dialog with participants in the research setting. In this sense, interpretivists claim that interaction between the researcher and the participants is key, for it encourages them to develop an understanding of what is being researched in their own terms.
    Finally, Hermeneutics, also mentioned in the video, is a research method in which the researcher constructs or interprets data established on how near they can get to it using observation notes and interview recordings. Hence, this sets off a possible never-ending process of interpreting these constructions, as well as developing and enhancing new ones.

Reference

  • Phakiti, Aek. Experimental Research Methods in Language Learning. (2014) Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, London.
]]> 2022-04-28 02:56:52 UTC https://padlet.com/analialopezale/bac41j08w4b1y1gl/wish/2161444242 Positivism Research Method https://padlet.com/analialopezale/bac41j08w4b1y1gl/wish/2161585663 The Positivism Paradigm depends on quantifiable observations that lead to statistical analyses. So we could say that:

  • Positivists prefer quantitative methods such as social surveys, structured questionnaires, non-participant observation and official statistics because these have good reliability and representativeness.
  •  Experimental designs are favored in the positivist paradigm, including quasi-experimental designs. 
  • The positivist tradition stresses the importance of doing quantitative research such as large scale surveys in order to get an overview of society as a whole and to uncover social trends, such as the relationship between educational achievement and social class. 
  • In positivist research, sociologists tend to look for relationships, or ‘correlations’ between two or more variables. This is known as the comparative method.


]]> 2022-04-28 05:24:43 UTC https://padlet.com/analialopezale/bac41j08w4b1y1gl/wish/2161585663 MINDMAP 43404120 https://padlet.com/analialopezale/bac41j08w4b1y1gl/wish/2162471123 2022-04-28 12:51:01 UTC https://padlet.com/analialopezale/bac41j08w4b1y1gl/wish/2162471123 Transformative/Critical Research Methods https://padlet.com/analialopezale/bac41j08w4b1y1gl/wish/2168322072 Mixed methods research is characterized by the integration of philosophical views related to qualitative and quantitative research. In this context, a paradigm is a certain philosophical stance that is used by researchers as a pattern to examine, analyze, and interpret phenomena and processes (Morgan, 2013). As a result, only the transformative paradigm and pragmatism can be discussed as addressing specifics of this research. According to Creswell (2013), the transformative worldview “holds that research inquiry needs to be intertwined with politics and a political change agenda to confront social oppression at whatever levels it occurs” (p. 9). Mertens (2014) notes that this paradigm allows for concentrating on the needs and opinions of oppressed groups to stimulate some social change in communities. From this perspective, the transformative worldview is also associated with representing “pluralistic interests, voices, and perspectives” (Greene, 2007, p. 129). Thus, this paradigm is based on the idea of social and political transformation as a result of research. 
 
Research Methods

  • Classroom Observations.
  • Cluster Sampling.
  • Expert Sampling.
  • Judgment Sampling.
  • Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods.
  • Quantitative Research Methods.
  • Simple Random Sampling.
  • Stratified Random Sampling.


Reference 

"Pragmatism and Transformative Paradigm in Research." IvyPanda, 7 Aug. 2020, ivypanda.com/essays/pragmatism-and-transformative-paradigm-in-research/. Accessed 3 May 2022. 
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