A timeline of space by

Big Bang

alexanderhenderson7 — 2023-12-19 18:31:14 UTC

The universe began as a singularity filled with energy, a disturbance likely interrupted mutual particle annihilation, allowing for particles to exist creating charged particles, this causes columbic force to take effect pushing similarly charged particles away from each other, this begins a chain reaction beginning the expansion of the universe Dark energy probably exists at this time. This theory is heavily supported by the Cosmic Background Microwave Radiation, and the movement of objects compared to us showing expansive properties, See Red/Blushift.

Big Bang | Wikipedia

alexanderhenderson7 — 2023-12-19 18:55:06 UTC

Columbic Force | Wikipedia

alexanderhenderson7 — 2023-12-19 18:56:04 UTC

Particle Production | Wikipedia

alexanderhenderson7 — 2023-12-19 18:58:25 UTC

Baryogenesis | Wikipedia

alexanderhenderson7 — 2023-12-19 19:05:08 UTC

Stars Begin To Form

alexanderhenderson7 — 2023-12-21 18:45:12 UTC

With the mass of hydrogen rapidly populating the newly expanded universe, space is filled with (mostly) equal amounts of hydrogen atoms. these atoms slowly coalesce into limited areas of gravity that slowly grow as their gravity increases. Eventually the pressure on the core of the star becomes great enough that it kickstarts the fusion reaction, synthesising new elements.

Star Formation

alexanderhenderson7 — 2023-12-21 18:47:00 UTC

Fusion

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-02 08:31:28 UTC

Fusion is the interaction between two atoms resulting in one more massive atom with byproducts of released energy, the process occurs more commonly in atoms with lower masses. It is how we achieve elements above helium naturally.

Fusion | Wikipedia

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-02 08:36:35 UTC

Basic ExampleFusion Element Chain in Moderately Sized Stars

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-02 08:42:39 UTC

Stellar Nucleosynthesis | Wikipedia

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-02 09:03:23 UTC

The Zoomed out timeline works as a table of contents

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-02 09:05:55 UTC

Build an Atom | PHET

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-02 09:28:46 UTC

This Source was used to generate pictures of an atomic model for use.

Example Star

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-02 09:31:25 UTC

Color: Blue

Wavelength: 470 nm

Formula

Where b is Wien's constant, W is wavelength, and T is temperature in kelvin

T = b/W

T = 2.8977719/470 nm

6165 K = 2.8977719/470 nm

Elemental Fusion List (See Elemental Models)

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-02 13:39:02 UTC

Hydrogen = N/A a single proton and electron make 1 hydrogen

Helium = Hydrogen 2 + Hydrogen

Li = Mostly originated from the big bang, Hydrogen + Helium would theoretically work but was unlikely

Beryllium = Helium + Helium

Carbon = Beryllium + Helium

Oxygen = Carbon + Helium

Fe(26)

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-02 15:42:40 UTC

Hydrogen

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-02 15:43:33 UTC

Helium

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-02 15:43:54 UTC

Lithium

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-02 15:44:01 UTC

Beryllium

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-02 15:45:10 UTC

Carbon

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-02 15:45:17 UTC

Oxygen

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-02 15:45:24 UTC

Sub Pieces of the atom

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-04 03:39:07 UTC

COVER SHEET

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-04 04:30:06 UTC

A Timeline of space

By Alexander Henderson

For Mr Sedlisky's freshman Earth Science Honors

4th Block

Newer stars form

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-04 05:20:22 UTC

using the dead material of other stars, new stars form beginning their fusion dance again.

The Big Bang | Evidence | University of Western Australia

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-04 05:29:55 UTC

Red / Blueshift

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-04 05:36:04 UTC

The doppler effect says that when an object moves away from you, waves emitted will have a lower frequency (Redshift), and that waves moving closer to you become more frequent (Blueshift). These principles state that the common movement of objects away from us causes the light emitted by those objects to become redder.

star emission spectrum (Example: Proxima Centauri)

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-04 05:53:13 UTC

Stars assemble into Galaxies

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-04 06:00:23 UTC

When a large enough cloud of gas forms, it will begin to condense into millions of stars rotating around a central point this rotation creates two arms from the initial sphere, afterwards the types of galaxies diverge, and they fall into SB and S types, where S types gain more arms as their mass is pulled inward, and how SB simply elongates its arms.

Model Star Creation Process Pt 1

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-04 06:29:04 UTC

Large amounts of space dust accumulate in an area

Model Star Creation Process Pt 2

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-04 06:50:17 UTC

Space dust begins to accumulate into dense bodies whose gravity pulls more mass in, eventually, the bodies will have all become one and reach stellar mass, This is a protostar. There is high pressure throughout the star due to gravity.

Model Star Creation Process Pt 3

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-04 07:13:06 UTC

Slowly an accretion disc begins to form around the protostar comprised of quick-moving gas that is channeled into a protostar's core, then the process of fusion is initiated as gasses are fused into higher weight matereal.

Model Star Death

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-04 07:17:17 UTC

As a stars gravity exceeds its ability to resist its gravity, the star will collapse into a supernova, this event is caused by the rapid pull from the main star and the force of resistance after this event, expelling all amounts of gas and forming heavy elements in the process (e.g. Iron 52, )

Sick Dub for Element 2048

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-04 07:38:39 UTC

Elemental Spread

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-04 07:40:41 UTC

After detonation elements are sent flying across the universe, each one headed somewhere with a purpose, eventually your elements found this solar system maybe after millions of supernovae and gravity slingshots it has come to be you!

Fission

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-05 00:01:06 UTC

Fission is the process by which an atom is split into lesser atoms, commonly found in stars as radioactive decay caused by unstable atoms.

Iron 56

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-05 00:03:22 UTC

Iron 56 comes from Nickel 56, in the process of radioactive decay

Hubble's Law

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-05 01:20:16 UTC

Hubble's Law states that objects moving away from us move at a rate scaled by their distance. This means that objects further away move away faster, this is used to justify universal expansion. This is proven by redshift which shows that the color of a star shifts red if it is moving away from us. Hubble's law formula is v = H*D, where V is the velocity, H is Hubbles constant, and D is the object's Proper Distance.

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-05 02:59:05 UTC

Supernova Byproducts

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-05 05:15:02 UTC

Note: As this assignment requires 4 elements I have included the first 4 elements from the silicon-burning cycle found in supernovae that are named as such due to the high silicon and sulfur contents after the oxygen-burning cycle. Y is an extra photon emitted primarily as gamma rays.

28Si+4He⇌32S+γ

32S+4He⇌36Ar+γ

36Ar+4He⇌40Ca+γ

40Ca+4He⇌44Ti+γ

Supernova Nucleosynthesis | Wikipedia

alexanderhenderson7 — 2024-01-05 05:18:35 UTC