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      <title>Art Movements by Nicholas Bold</title>
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      <pubDate>2025-02-26 06:53:29 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>What is Realism in Art? Definition, Artists, &amp; Examples.</title>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:26:13 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>American Realism Movement </title>
         <author></author>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:27:56 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Romanticism - Jules Holmes</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346504951</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Romanticism was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that emerged in the late 18th century and peaked in the 19th century. It was a reaction against the rationalism and order of the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution, emphasizing emotion, imagination, nature, individualism, and the sublime. Romantic artists and writers sought to capture intense feelings, celebrate the beauty and power of nature, and explore themes of heroism, rebellion, and the supernatural. Key figures include poets like William Wordsworth, Lord Byron, and John Keats, as well as artists like Francisco Goya and composers like Ludwig van Beethoven.</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:29:01 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Realism (1948-1970)</title>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:29:10 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>25 Most Famous Realism Paintings</title>
         <author></author>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:30:47 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Introduction to Dadaism</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346507112</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>12 minutes youtube video introducing what the Dada movement is.</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:31:22 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Art: Realism</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346509583</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.theartstory.org/movement/realism/" />
         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:33:01 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Photography’s early evolution, c. 1840–c. 1900</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346509629</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Daguerre’s process rapidly spread throughout the world. Before the end of 1839, travelers were buying daguerreotypes of famous monuments in <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="md-crosslink " href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="md-crosslink " href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Israel">Israel</a>, <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="md-crosslink " href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Greece">Greece</a>, and <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="md-crosslink " href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Spain">Spain</a>; <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="md-crosslink " href="https://www.britannica.com/art/engraving">engravings</a> of these works were made and then published in two volumes as <em>Excursions daguerriennes</em> between 1841 and 1843. Although Daguerre’s process was published “free to the world” by the French government, he took out a patent for it in <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="md-crosslink " href="https://www.britannica.com/place/England">England</a>; the first licensee was Antoine-François-Jean Claudet. The first daguerreotypes in the <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="md-crosslink " href="https://www.britannica.com/place/United-States">United States</a> were made on September 16, 1839, just four weeks after the announcement of the process. Exposures were at first of excessive length, sometimes up to an hour. Newhall, B. and Robert, E. (2000). <em>History of photography | History, Inventions, Artists, &amp; Events</em>. [online] Encyclopedia Britannica. Available at: <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/photography/Photographys-early-evolution-c-1840-c-1900">https://www.britannica.com/technology/photography/Photographys-early-evolution-c-1840-c-1900</a> [Accessed 28 Feb. 2025].</p><p>‌</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:33:05 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>WWI Poetry (1914-1920s)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346509770</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>"Roughly 10 million&nbsp;soldiers lost their lives in World War&nbsp;I, along with seven million civilians. The horror of the war and its aftermath altered the world for decades, and poets responded to the brutalities and losses in new ways. Just months before his death in 1918, English poet Wilfred Owen famously wrote:</p><blockquote><p>This book is not about heroes. English Poetry is not yet fit to speak of them. Nor is it about deeds, or lands, nor anything about glory, honour, might, majesty, dominion, or power, except War. Above all I am not concerned with Poetry. My subject is War, and the pity of War.</p></blockquote><p>To mark the WWI centenary, we’ve put together a sampling of poems written in English by both soldiers and civilians, chosen from our archive of over 250 poems from WWI. We’ve also compiled a collection showcasing the&nbsp;<a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/collections/101720/world-war-i-poets">poets who served and volunteered in World War I.</a></p><p>While many of these poems do not address a particular war event, we’ve listed them by year, along with a selection of historical markers, to contextualize the poems historically. You may notice that more poems in 1914 and 1915 extoll the old virtues of honor, duty, heroism, and glory, while many later poems after 1915 approach these lofty abstractions with far greater skepticism and moral subtlety through realism and bitter irony. Though horrific depictions of battle in poetry date back to Homer’s&nbsp;<em>Iliad</em>, the later poems of WWI mark a substantial shift in how we view war and sacrifice."- <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="link-underline-off link-red" href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/people/the-editors">THE EDITORS</a></p><p>Originally Published: August 04, 2014. </p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:33:13 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Romanticism Modern Impact</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346510638</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Romanticism has had a lasting impact on modern culture, shaping literature, art, music, and even philosophy. Its emphasis on individual expression and emotion continues to influence contemporary storytelling, from novels and poetry to film and music. The movement’s celebration of nature has also contributed to modern environmental consciousness, inspiring a deep appreciation for the natural world. Additionally, Romantic ideals of personal freedom and rebellion against societal norms are reflected in today’s social and political movements, where self-expression and challenging authority remain central themes.</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:34:12 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346510638</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346510874</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Over the years our approach, as photographers, to taking pictures has changed. The history of photography movements is a rich and interesting subject to discover.</p><p>In this article and podcast video below, you’ll learn how particular styles of photography altered over the decades. We’ll talk about the genesis of these movements, the pioneers behind them and how society’s views on photography changed too. Walton, S. (2023). <em>The History of Photography Movements</em>. [online] Online photography courses from iPhotography. Available at: <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.iphotography.com/blog/the-history-of-photography-movements/">https://www.iphotography.com/blog/the-history-of-photography-movements/</a> [Accessed 28 Feb. 2025].</p><p>‌</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:34:24 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Socialist Realism essay</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346511081</link>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:34:40 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Dada Movement Overview and Key Ideas</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346511234</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Dada Movement Overview</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:34:53 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346511234</guid>
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         <title>The Early Decades: 1840s–1850s</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346512275</link>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:36:14 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346512275</guid>
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         <title>Photography Over the Years</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346513183</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:36:52 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>What is Socialist Realism?</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346513619</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>3 minutes video explaining what socialist realism is</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:37:11 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346514316</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>“The Great War” and “The War to End All Wars,” left more than 16 million soldiers and civilians dead, destabilized the European economy, and caused a large-scale shift of power on the international stage that would ultimately become one of the causes of World War II.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Among the great figures of the war were its documentarians—the poets who served in the war as soldiers or witnessed its effects in their time and responded with their personal accounts.</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:37:46 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Realism - Jules Holmes</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346514336</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Realism was an artistic and literary movement that emerged in the mid-19th century as a reaction against the idealism of Romanticism. It focused on depicting everyday life and society with accuracy, rejecting exaggeration and fantasy. Realist writers and artists sought to portray ordinary people, real-world struggles, and social issues in an honest and unembellished manner. The movement influenced literature, theater, and visual arts, with notable figures including novelists like Gustave Flaubert and Charles Dickens, painters like Gustave Courbet, and playwrights like Henrik Ibsen.</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:37:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346514336</guid>
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         <title>Photography - Wikipedia</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346514696</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography" />
         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:38:02 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346514696</guid>
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         <title>History of Russian animation</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346514761</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>The <strong>history of Russian animation</strong> is the visual art form produced by Russian animation makers. As most of Russia's production of animation for <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film">cinema</a> and television were created during <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union">Soviet</a> times, it may also be referred to some extent as the <strong>history of Soviet animation</strong>. It remains a nearly unexplored field in <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_theory">film theory</a> and history outside Russia. to, C. (2004). <em>aspect of history</em>. [online] <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="http://Wikipedia.org">Wikipedia.org</a>. Available at: <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Russian_animation">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Russian_animation</a> [Accessed 28 Feb. 2025].</p><p>‌</p><p><br/></p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:38:08 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Dadaism famous artworks (1915-1920s)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346514891</link>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:38:15 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Soviet Art (Avant-Garde Art and Socialist Realism)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346515188</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>An 18 minute YouTube video on Soviet Art (Avant-Garde Art and Socialist Realism)</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:38:37 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>What is dadaism?</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346516577</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:39:42 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346516577</guid>
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         <title>Soviet animation</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346517178</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/02/18/more-than-kiddie-cartoons-russian-animation-in-the-21st-century-a76453#:~:text=The%20history%20of%20Russian%20animation,a%20Soviet%20response%20to%20Disney." />
         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:40:22 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>World War I: Poetry by Year by The Editors | Poetry Foundation</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346517185</link>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:40:23 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Marcel Duchamp&#39;s Bicycle Wheel (1913)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346517189</link>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:40:23 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Photography - Jules Holmes</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346517317</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Photography</strong> is the art and technique of capturing images using light, either digitally or on film. It emerged in the early 19th century and has since evolved into a powerful medium for artistic expression, documentation, and communication. Photography serves various purposes, from personal memories and journalism to advertising and fine art. It has played a crucial role in shaping history by documenting significant events, influencing public opinion, and preserving cultural heritage. Today, with advancements in digital technology and social media, photography is more accessible than ever, allowing people worldwide to share their perspectives instantly.</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:40:31 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>5 Most Famous WW1 Poems</title>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:41:18 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Counter-culture 1960s</title>
         <author></author>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:41:25 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Man Ray&#39;s Ingres&#39;s Violin (1924)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346518376</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:41:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346518376</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Dadaism - Tate</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346518489</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:41:56 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346518489</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Socialist Realism - Tate</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346519224</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/s/socialist-realism" />
         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:42:37 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346519224</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Socialist Realism</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346519225</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.britannica.com/art/Socialist-Realism" />
         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:42:38 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346519225</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>WW1 Poetry - Jules Holmes</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346519613</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>World War I poetry</strong> emerged as a powerful literary response to the horrors of the Great War (1914–1918). It captured the experiences of soldiers, the brutality of trench warfare, and the emotional toll of conflict. Early war poets, like Rupert Brooke, wrote patriotic and idealistic verses, while later poets, such as Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon, exposed the grim realities of war, emphasizing themes of suffering, disillusionment, and loss. Their works, including Owen’s <em>Dulce et Decorum Est</em> and Sassoon’s <em>Attack</em>, challenged traditional notions of heroism and highlighted the true cost of war, leaving a lasting impact on literature and historical memory.</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:42:59 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346519613</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Raoul Hausmann&#39;s Mechanical Head (The Spirit of our Time) (1920)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346519957</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:43:22 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346519957</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1960s Counter-culture</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346519977</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.history.com/topics/1960s" />
         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:43:24 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346519977</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>What Soviet cartoons teach us about socialism</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346520574</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>a 28 minute long YouTube video explaining what Soviet cartoons teach us about socialism</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RgA6EGMuGCM" />
         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:43:59 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346520574</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346520661</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Dada was a literary and artistic movement born in Europe at a time when the horror of World War It was being played out in what amounted to citizens' front yards. Due to the war, a number of artists, writers and intellectuals - notably of French and German nationality - found themselves congregating in the refuge that Zurich (in neutral Switzerland) offered. Far from merely feeling relief at their respective escapes, this bunch was pretty ticked off that modern European society would allow the war to have happened. They were so angry, in fact, that they undertook the time-honored artistic tradition of protesting.</p><p>Banding together in a loosely-knit group, these writers and artists used any public forum they could find to (metaphorically) spit on nationalism, rationalism, materialism and any other -ism which they felt had contributed to a senseless war.</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:44:05 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346520661</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Russian Animation - Wikipedia</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346521066</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Russian_animation" />
         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:44:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346521066</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Women and the 1960s Counterculture</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346521093</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-18896-3_6" />
         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:44:36 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346521093</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Dadaism - Jules Holmes</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346521165</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Dadaism</strong> was an avant-garde art movement that emerged during World War I (1916) as a reaction to the war, rationalism, and traditional artistic values. It rejected logic, reason, and aesthetic conventions, embracing absurdity, chaos, and anti-art principles. Dada artists used collage, photomontage, performance, and ready-made objects to challenge societal norms and question the meaning of art itself. Key figures included Marcel Duchamp, Hannah Höch, and Tristan Tzara. Though short-lived, Dadaism influenced later movements like Surrealism and Conceptual Art, shaping modern artistic experimentation and rebellion against established norms.</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:44:40 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346521165</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Counterculture - Sciencedirect</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346522295</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/countercultures" />
         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:46:02 UTC</pubDate>
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      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346523002</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Left: Pablo Picasso, <em>Guitar, Sheet Music and Glass</em>, 1912, collage and charcoal on board, 18 7/8 x 14 3/4 inches (McNay Museum, San Antonio); right: Hannah Höch, <em>The Beautiful Girl</em>, 1919-20, photomontage and collage, 35 x 29 cm (private collection)</strong></p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:46:43 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346523002</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Socialist Realism</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346523081</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Socialist Realism</strong> was an official artistic and literary style promoted by the Soviet Union from the 1930s onward. It aimed to glorify communist ideals, depicting workers, farmers, and political leaders in an optimistic and heroic light. Art, literature, music, and film under Socialist Realism were heavily censored and controlled to serve state propaganda, reinforcing themes of industrial progress, patriotism, and class struggle. Notable figures included writers like Maxim Gorky and artists like Isaak Brodsky. Though it suppressed artistic freedom, Socialist Realism shaped Soviet culture for decades and influenced other communist states worldwide.</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:46:51 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346523081</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>The 1960s in America: Crash Course US History #40</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346523212</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>a 15 minute long YouTube video about the counter-culture in the 1960's</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkXFb1sMa38&amp;list=PLMihrNi9WzQMQA2tqnOJ1QlITEPf4Xxki" />
         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:47:02 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346523212</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346524478</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Hannah Höch, <em>Cut with the Kitchen Knife Dada through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch in Germany</em>, 1919-20, photomontage and collage with watercolor, 114 x 90 cm (Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Nationalgalerie)</strong></p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:48:21 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346524478</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Photography in the 1840s and 1850s</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346524482</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.nga.gov/features/east-of-the-mississippi-nineteenth-century-american-landscape/early-decades.html" />
         <pubDate>2025-02-28 11:48:21 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3346524482</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Soviet animation</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3351972494</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Soviet animation, which began in the early 20th century, was heavily influenced by political ideology and artistic experimentation. Studios like Soyuzmultfilm, founded in 1936, produced propaganda films as well as internationally acclaimed works such as <em>Hedgehog in the Fog</em> (1975) and <em>The Snow Queen</em> (1957). These animations often featured stop-motion, hand-drawn styles, and unique storytelling that distinguished them from Western counterparts. Today, Soviet animation continues to inspire modern Russian and international animators, influencing aesthetics in animated films, video games, and digital media. Its legacy also raises discussions on state-controlled art and its impact on creative freedom.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-03-05 06:01:22 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3351972494</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>The Counter-Culture</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3351975351</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Counterculture refers to social movements that challenge mainstream norms, often emerging during periods of political or cultural unrest. The 1960s counterculture, driven by opposition to the Vietnam War, civil rights activism, and a rejection of consumerism, saw the rise of hippies, psychedelic music, and experimental art. Similar movements have appeared throughout history, from the Beat Generation in the 1950s to punk in the 1970s and digital activism today. In modern times, countercultural ideas persist in online communities, alternative lifestyles, and resistance to corporate influence, shaping discussions on identity, sustainability, and political activism.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-03-05 06:03:26 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3351975351</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3351977397</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement which took place in Europe between the late 18th and mid-19th centuries. Learn how the Romantics sought to break from the guiding principles of the Enlightenment – which established reason as the foundation of all knowledge – and emphasised the importance of imagination, emotional sensitivity and individual subjectivity.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/discover/history/what-is-romanticism" />
         <pubDate>2025-03-05 06:05:04 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3351977397</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Photography 1800s: </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3351978201</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URAddyGGcnQ" />
         <pubDate>2025-03-05 06:05:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3351978201</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>What is WW1 Poetry</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3351979052</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.twinkl.co.za/teaching-wiki/world-war-one-poetry" />
         <pubDate>2025-03-05 06:06:35 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3351979052</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>WWI Poetry:</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3351980394</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wU6jmbVPDKM" />
         <pubDate>2025-03-05 06:07:40 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3351980394</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>The Age of Wonder: How the Romantic Generation Discovered the Beauty and Terror of Science. </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3351981146</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ul><li><p><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Holmes_(biographer)">Holmes, Richard</a>. 2009. <em>The Age of Wonder: How the Romantic Generation Discovered the Beauty and Terror of Science</em>. London: HarperPress. <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-714952-0">978-0-00-714952-0</a>. New York: Pantheon Books. <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-42222-5">978-0-375-42222-5</a>. Paperback reprint, New York: Vintage Books. <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-3187-0">978-1-4000-3187-0</a></p></li></ul>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-03-05 06:08:16 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3351981146</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3351982442</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>A movement in art and literature in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in revolt against the Neoclassicism of the previous centuries...The German poet Friedrich Schlegel, who is given credit for first using the term <em>romantic</em> to describe literature, defined it as "literature depicting emotional matter in an imaginative form." This is as accurate a general definition as can be accomplished, although Victor Hugo's phrase "liberalism in literature" is also apt. Imagination, emotion, and freedom are certainly the focal points of romanticism. Any list of particular characteristics of the literature of romanticism includes subjectivity and an emphasis on individualism; spontaneity; freedom from rules; solitary life rather than life in society; the beliefs that imagination is superior to reason and devotion to beauty; love of and worship of nature; and fascination with the past, especially the myths and mysticism of the middle ages.</p><p><br></p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://engines.egr.uh.edu/english-romanticism/what-romanticism" />
         <pubDate>2025-03-05 06:08:59 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3351982442</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>European Romanticism: A Brief History with Documents. </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3351983976</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ul><li><p>Breckman, Warren, <em>European Romanticism: A Brief History with Documents</em>. New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2007. Breckman, Warren (2008). <em>European Romanticism: A Brief History with Documents</em>. Bedford/St. Martin's. <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-45023-6">978-0-312-45023-6</a>.</p></li></ul>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-03-05 06:10:13 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3351983976</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3351987267</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>The 14 Hour Technicolor Dream was a concert held in the Great Hall of the Alexandra Palace, London, on 29 April 1967. The fund-raising concert for the counterculture paper International Times was organised by Barry Miles, John "Hoppy" Hopkins, David Howson, Mike McInnerney and Jack Henry Moore. This poster was designed by Mike McInnerney. (archive.org)</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-03-05 06:12:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3351987267</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Soviet Animation:</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3351987574</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://youtube.com/watch?v=_8zkN99E_VQ" />
         <pubDate>2025-03-05 06:12:50 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/nicholasbold2/b9rbmzrho2i596ck/wish/3352000334</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>A new style of portrait <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off eb" href="https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/utilizing">utilizing</a> albumen paper, introduced in <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="md-crosslink " href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Paris">Paris</a> by <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="md-crosslink " href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Andre-Adolphe-Eugene-Disderi">André-Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri</a> in 1854, was universally popular in the 1860s (Britannica, 2025)</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-03-05 06:23:41 UTC</pubDate>
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