Order Pinnipeds by Nima Patel https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds Made by Nima Patel en-us 2017-05-26 13:23:11 UTC 2017-06-05 23:00:49 UTC hello@padlet.com Order Pinnipeds np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/173984249 Sea Lions, Seals, and Walrus 
By: Nima Patel ]]> 2017-05-26 13:24:02 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/173984249 Order Pinnipeds Characteristics np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/173984603
  • Their molars are modified for consuming prey as a whole 
  • Tail and external ears are small which limits dragging 
  • All have fur which shed annually 
  • Very good divers due to their reduced heart rate and high blood volume
  • Four webbed flippers which are used to propel their bodies 
  • Large eyes and flippers helps moving in the water 
  • All the organisms in this group contain blubber which is a layer of thick skin that keeps them warm in the cold waters and protects them  
  • Their sensory organs are adapted to function in both air and water 
    • ]]>     2017-05-26 13:25:43 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/173984603     Atlantic Walrus np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/173985094 Kingdom: Animalia
    Phylum: Chordata
    Class: Mammalia
    Order: Carnivora
    Family:  Odobenidea 
    Genus: Odobenus 
    Species: O. Rosmarus     ]]>     2017-05-26 13:28:25 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/173985094     Habitat np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/173985372
  • Millions of years ago, their ancestors lived primarily on land 
  • Many of their features allow them to adapt to land and sea environments 
  • Most of the time live in the sea but come on land to mate, give birth, shed, or take care their young ones 
  • Most live in cold waters 
  • Found in the northern and southern hemisphere 
    • ]]>     2017-05-26 13:30:25 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/173985372     Habitat np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174501056
  • They live in the Arctic waters (Canada or Greenland) 
  • They follow the movement of the ice
  • Swim in water no deeper than 80 feet 
  • Eat worms, sea-snails, shrimp, and fish
    • ]]>     2017-05-30 20:28:42 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174501056     Physical Characteristics np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174501975
  • The whiskers on the upper lip are used to detect and identify objects in the water, mostly pray
  • The walrus’s skin is thick and tough to help the walrus tusks attacks and protect from injuries
  • Use their hind flippers to help them move on land
  • They have tusks that are used for defense and to cut through the ice
  • No external ears 
    • ]]>     2017-05-30 20:36:52 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174501975     Behavioral Characteristics np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174502583
  • Very social animals and travel in large packs
  • Establish dominance through their large bodies and displaying threats
  • Stay underwater for up to a half an hour 
  • Males produce a bell like sound for courtship display  
    • ]]>     2017-05-30 20:41:07 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174502583     Galapagos Sea Lion np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174503094 Kingdom: Animalia
    Phylum: Chordata
    Class: Mammalia
    Order: Carnivora
    Family: Otariidae
    Genus: Zalophus
    Species: Wollobaeki     ]]>     2017-05-30 20:45:56 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174503094     Habitat & Physical Characteristics np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174503256
  • Found in the Galapagos Archipelago island 
  • When they are not in water, they are on sandy beaches with rocks
  • They can move quickly in water but not on land 
  • Pointy, whiskered noses with a long and narrow muzzle 
  • Powerful fins 
  • Swims using its strong and developed fore flippers 
    • ]]>     2017-05-30 20:47:43 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174503256     Behavioral Characteristics np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174504088
  • Very vocal and social 
  • Males fight each other to prove dominance
  • Eat fish, octopus, and crustaceans
    • ]]>     2017-05-30 20:56:24 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174504088     Hooded Seal np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174504857 Kingdom: Animalia
    Phylum: Chordata
    Class: Mammalia
    Order: Carnivora
    Family: Phocidae
    Genus: Cystophora
    Species: Cristata     ]]>     2017-05-30 21:03:44 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174504857     Habitat np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174505002
  • Live in the Arctic and North Atlantic oceans
  • Best survival rate is in colder climates
    • ]]>     2017-05-30 21:04:55 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174505002     Physical Characteristics np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174505140
  • They are blue gray with lighter undersides
  • Their limbs are smaller compared to the rest of their body but they are still powerful
  •  They are excellent swimmers and divers
  • The name comes from the inflated hood on top of males heads
  • The hood is used as display for aggressiveness and to attract women 
    • ]]>     2017-05-30 21:06:14 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174505140     Behavioral Characteristics np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174505343
  • Males will fight to display their dominance 
  • They are independent animals for the most part except for the breeding and molting periods 
  • Don't eat during these two periods 
  • They mostly come out for food during the day 
    • ]]>     2017-05-30 21:07:55 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174505343     Fossils np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174508234
  • The fossil records are from extinct organisms that show similar functions of the seals, sea lion, and walrus in modern day 
  • Being able to survive on land and in water helps determine the evolution of the pinnipeds because it narrows it down from many organisms
  • A lot of the fossils are part of the face structure and skull, that shows how the have similar eating habits

    • ]]>     2017-05-30 21:29:04 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174508234     Enaliarctos np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174536169
  • 13-20 million years ago in the oligocene period 
  • Lived in the eastern northern Pacific Ocean 
  • Very small animal, similar to the Harbor Seal 
  • It had more specific flippers and shows evolution from water to land 
    • ]]>     2017-05-31 02:27:56 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174536169     Acrophoca Longirostris np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174536464
  •  7.25 million years ago
  • Has a similar structure of a leopard seal 

    • ]]>     2017-05-31 02:30:40 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174536464     Allodesmus ernensis np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174537174
  •  They are from the Miocene Period 
  • Behavioral characteristics were very similar to the Northern Fur Seal 
  • The males would use their strength to fight off prey
  • They are very similar to the seals and sea lions which shows the evolution through time  

    • ]]>     2017-05-31 02:38:07 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174537174     np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174538282 2017-05-31 02:43:34 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174538282 np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174538333 2017-05-31 02:44:04 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174538333 np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174538417 2017-05-31 02:44:37 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174538417 Phylogenetic Tree np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174538550
  • This shows that the species in Order Pinnipeds are related to bears and dogs. They all share similar functions but use them in a different way  
  • Raccoons and Weasels are also ancestors of seals, sea lions, and walruses 

    • ]]>     2017-05-31 02:45:40 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174538550     np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174538597 2017-05-31 02:46:09 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174538597 np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174538690 2017-05-31 02:47:24 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174538690 np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174538804 2017-05-31 02:49:01 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174538804 np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174538974 2017-05-31 02:50:58 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174538974 Puijila Darwini np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174539136
  • Was around in the Miocene Period 
  • It mostly lived on land but was able to swim 
  • Used its webbed feet for walking and also as flippers when in water 
  • Was classified as a seal once extinct  
    • ]]>     2017-05-31 02:52:20 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174539136     np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174539213 2017-05-31 02:53:12 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174539213 Potamotherium np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174539814
  • Lived during the Miocene Period 
  • Was more similar to a bear structure but also lived in the water
  • Scientist believe it lived during the phase in evolution where it was transforming for a land animal to also being able to swim 
  • Its backbone portrayed a good swimmer 
    • ]]>     2017-05-31 02:57:47 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174539814     np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174540007 2017-05-31 02:59:30 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174540007 Prototaria np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174540468
  • Lived 5.3 million years ago 
  • Walruses are similar to these due to their eating habits and similar face structure 
  • This was the first sight of walruses

    • ]]>     2017-05-31 03:04:04 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174540468     np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174540759 2017-05-31 03:06:58 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174540759 Chromosomal Analysis np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174540977 The chromosome number in Order Pinnipeds will be either 32, 34, or 36
    The similarity in chromosomes shows that the organisms are related in some way
    Not having the same exact number of chromosomes shows that they are all different species
    Walrus: 32 chromosomes 
    • Male and female karyotype
    Sea Lions: 34 Chromosomes
    Seals: 36 Chromosomes 
    • The karyotype shows that the inter breeding of the seals lead to diseases and infections that cause a mutations in the seals 
    ]]>     2017-05-31 03:09:21 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174540977     np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174610926 2017-05-31 13:00:42 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174610926 np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174611938 2017-05-31 13:06:28 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174611938 Chromosomal Analysis np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174612838 one chromosome that the seals, sea lion, and walrus all share is the canine genome
    • The canine is a certain type of teeth that help them survive in different ways
    • Either by catching prey or fighting
    • It is also seen in many other organisms
    ]]>     2017-05-31 13:10:34 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174612838     Anatomy & Physiology np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174615709 The organisms in this group have many similar structures and functions 
    The way the organisms function are also very similar because they live in very similar habitats therefore have adapted to the same living conditions]]>     2017-05-31 13:23:23 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174615709     Type of Speciation np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174616307 Gradual Equilibrium
    • They evolved over a long period of time
    • This is shown through the fossil evidence of walruses, seals, and sea lions
    ]]>     2017-05-31 13:25:46 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174616307     Type of Evolution np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174616658 Divergent Evolution 
    • Traced back years they all had a common ancestor 
    • The Odobenidae (Walrus) and Otariidae (Seals & Sea Lions) diverged from the Phocidae family 
    ]]>     2017-05-31 13:27:03 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174616658     Darwin's Theory- Descent with Modification np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174617124
  • The traits were passed through offspring and this is show because they evolved from land dwelling animals to sea dwelling animals
  • A trait that was passed down from generations was the use of flippers for swimming and walking. At first they were every specific feet and then over time they became one but that trait was passed down for similar use 
    • ]]>     2017-05-31 13:29:00 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174617124     Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174617687 Stabilizing Selection 
    • They all have an advantage by having the trait to be able to survive on land and in water. Most animals cannot do this therefore they have an advantage 
    • All have a thick layer called blubber that helps the survival rate go up in the cold weather
    Walrus 
    Their tusks help them in survival to fight and to catch pray   
    ]]>     2017-05-31 13:31:08 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174617687     np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174697461 2017-05-31 19:56:58 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174697461 np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174702368 2017-05-31 20:34:26 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174702368 np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174704318 2017-05-31 20:51:09 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174704318 np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174704416 2017-05-31 20:52:17 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174704416 np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174707314 2017-05-31 21:19:15 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174707314 Evolutionary Mechanism: Isolation np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174707763 Reproductive Isolation: properties are preventing organisms from interbreeding 
    Ex.  The ice caps limit the all three of the species from migrating to other areas and due to this they cannot breed with other organisms]]>     2017-05-31 21:24:02 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174707763     Evolutionary Mechanism: Non- Random Mating np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174707781
  • Non- Random Mating occurs in all three species
  • Males will chose who they want to mate and will display their strength to the women by fighting other males 
  • They are attracted to each other based off traits such as color 
    • ]]>     2017-05-31 21:24:12 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174707781     Bone Structures in Seals np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174727640 Comparing modern seals to the Puijila fossil there are many structures  that have evolved into the modern seal
    Similarities  
    • Head 
    • Teeth 
    • Spinal cord 
    • Webbed toes 
    • Heavy limbs 
    All these structures show that the land walking animal has evolved into the modern seals 
    The transformation of the feet for walking into flippers for swimming was similar in a different way because the same structure was used in different ways 
    ]]>     2017-06-01 01:37:07 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174727640     Embryology np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174730160 The development of their long spinal cord in all pinnipeds 
    • this helps in the survival of living on the land and in the water 
    The development of their snout 
    • helps with sensing smells when underwater 
    • especially for walruses because they do not have external ears so it makes their hearing senses stronger 
    Many sea lions and seals will grow out of there tail but as seen in this picture they have a tail when first developing
    Also seals and walruses will develop flippers in the first stages and continue to grow  
    ]]>     2017-06-01 02:04:04 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174730160     np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174733327 2017-06-01 02:35:04 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174733327 DNA Analysis np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174734155 Looking at and comparing DNA can share a lot of information about the similarities and differences in seals, sea lions, and walruses because they all have little features that make them different species 
    • DNA evidence has proven that seals and sea lions resemble each other and they both evolve from a common ancestor 
    • The evidence that proves this similarity is showed in the mitochondrial unit and cytochrome B gene
    As more research is being done by scientist, more evidence is being discovered leading them to believe that all pinnipeds shared a common ancestor at one point when evolving

    ]]>     2017-06-01 02:44:17 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174734155     Links np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174735794
  • https://www.fws.gov/alaska/fisheries/mmm/walrus/wmain.htm
  • http://www.defenders.org/walrus/basic-facts
  • http://animaldiversity.org/site/accounts/information/Cystophora_cristata.html
  • http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Odobenidae/
  • http://www.nhptv.org/wild/odobenidae.asp
  • http://www.palaeontologyonline.com/articles/2015/fossil-focus-seals-sea-lions-walruses/
  • http://www.arkive.org/walrus/odobenus-rosmarus/
  • http://placentation.ucsd.edu/walrusfs.htm
  • http://placentation.ucsd.edu/seal.htm
  • https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/tetrapod-zoology/pinnipeds-descended-from-one-ancestral-line-not-two/
  • http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Pinnipeds/evolution.html
  • http://www.polarcruises.com/polar-info/antarctica-wildlife/seal-adaptations

    • ]]>     2017-06-01 03:01:57 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174735794     Taxonomic Group np586 https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174736318 Order Pinnipeds is also known as Order Carnivora 
    Pinnipeds are aquatic carnivorous mammals
    The more taxonomic names an organism shares shows how closely related they are 
    • Seals, sea lions, and walruses all share the same order but different family which shows they are closely related but not the same species 
    ]]>     2017-06-01 03:08:01 UTC https://padlet.com/np586/pinnipeds/wish/174736318