Mindmap by Chan Yu-Xuan https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7 BME Chapter 2 en-us 2019-03-15 14:57:03 UTC 2020-04-08 08:53:12 UTC hello@padlet.com Ethics and Culture 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/341791177 2019-03-15 14:58:22 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/341791177 Environmental Responsibility 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342340187 All global businesses such as multinational companies must practice environment responsibilities such as:]]> 2019-03-18 12:05:15 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342340187 Avoid Environmental Harm 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342340497 Preventing damage through zero waste, sustainable living and carbon footprint reduction. These can protect water resources, improve air quality, reduce waste and raise awareness of environmental issues.]]> 2019-03-18 12:06:15 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342340497 Reduce Illegal Dumping 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342341251
Illegal dumping is the unlawful deposit of any type of domestic, commercial or industrial waste such as household rubbish and garden waste being thrown over the back fence into the local park.

Therefore, it is important that businesses dispose of unwanted products or waste through the right channels. It will help to reduce the issue of pollution, injuries and global warming.
]]> 2019-03-18 12:08:16 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342341251 Ecological Sustainability 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342342492 Sustainability aims to meet the needs of corporate stakeholders today while seeking to protect and preserve resources and the environment for the future. Many Australian businesses and organisations are responding by managing their environment impact. This includes reducing use, waste and recycling of resources such as water, energy, and paper and companies are also measuring their carbon footprints and investigating carbon offsets.]]> 2019-03-18 12:11:01 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342342492 Benefits 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342343224 1. Reduced Costs - Being more efficient with resources, recycling supplies and reducing waste results in a reduction in cost.
2. Staff Loyalty - ‘Green’ buildings create healthier environments. Employees will feel they are contributing to society by working in a sustainable business and thus show improvement in staff morale, increase productivity & reduce absenteeism.
3. Public Relations and Public - Sustainable practices can differentiate a business in the market and be used to promote the business in a positive light. People will choose to patronize and invest in a business based on their commitment to the environment.
4. Carbon Trading - Federal Government places a cap on the total amount of emission of greenhouse gases in Australia. If a company reduces their emission to below the cap, they get credits. If another company has exceeded their emission limit, they must buy credits from companies that pollute less. Over time the government lowers the cap to achieve a long term national emissions target.]]> 2019-03-18 12:12:55 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342343224 Offshoring 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342344784 Offshoring is the shift of the location of a service or production to a location abroad.]]> 2019-03-18 12:17:49 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342344784 Outsourcing 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342345034 The practice of hiring an external organization (3rd party) to perform some business functions.]]> 2019-03-18 12:18:37 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342345034 Role of Ethics 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342345531 2019-03-18 12:20:00 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342345531 Reasons 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342346698 1.  Profitability/ lowering cost
2. Finding expertise
3. Finding people who are willing to do jobs that are not wanted in home country
4. Allow management to focus on core business activities
5. Avoid costly investments in technology (information, manufacturing)
6. Increased workforce flexibility (businesses may experience seasonal fluctuations in demand or other changing circumstances)

]]> 2019-03-18 12:22:53 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342346698 Disadvantages 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342348029 1. Poor working environment, due to lenient health and safety regulations, and so result in sweat shop issues.
2. Quality of products / services being compromised as it is a cost saving measures.
3. Security concern – especially for banking industry which has outsourced their customer service centers to less developed countries.
]]> 2019-03-18 12:25:47 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342348029 Ethical Concerns,Arguments and Examples 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342349918 Concerns - Poor working conditions and low wages.
Arguments - The decrease in employment in Australia as jobs are exported, customers perhaps resent having to deal with offshore customer service staff and overseas call centers, it’s more difficult for Australian businesses to manage offshore staff.
Examples - Sweatshops and Child Labour]]> 2019-03-18 12:30:34 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342349918 Ethical Practices 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342352276 2019-03-18 12:35:20 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342352276 Corporate Social Responsibility 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342352967 Voluntary commitment of businesses to include in their business (corporate) practices economic, social and environmental considerations which are beyond those required by legislation. ]]> 2019-03-18 12:36:50 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342352967 Benefits 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342353654 1. Improved Financial Performance: CSR programs improve operating performance (e.g., return on assets, net profit margin) as well as labor productivity and sales growth, which suggests that CSR programs improve employee satisfaction and boost productivity while helping companies cater to customers that are responsive to sustainable practices.
2. Improved Public Image: A corporation’s public image is at the mercy of its social responsibility programs and how aware consumers are of them. According to a study by Cone Communications, 9 out of 10 consumers would refrain from doing business with a corporation if there existed no corporate social responsibility plan.
3. Improved Sales and Customer Loyalty: A strong corporate social responsibility framework is essential to building and maintaining trust between the company and clients. It can strengthen ties, build alliances and foster strong working relationships with both existing and new clients, this will subsequently increase sales.
4. Improved Staff Retention: Being an employer of choice typically translates into the company’s ability to attract and retain high caliber staff. Companies can improve staff retention by offering work-life balance, positive working conditions and work place flexibility. 
5. Reduced Costs through Waste Reduction and Process Efficiency: Engaging in sustainability is to use it as a way to cut costs. Whether it’s using less packaging or less energy, these savings add up quickly.]]> 2019-03-18 12:38:15 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342353654 Environmental Sustainability 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342357402 Making decisions and taking action that are in the interest of protecting the natural world, with particular emphasis on preserving the capability of the environment to support human life. ]]> 2019-03-18 12:45:49 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342357402 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342358799 1. Companies are making an effort to put sustainable practices into action and are motivated by protecting the environment and society and by creating goodwill for their brands.
2. Green initiatives can also save money by such things as reducing packaging materials, minimizing transportation costs and energy-efficient lighting.
3. Companies can manage sustainability proactively in their supply chain; for example, by ensuring they do not import and retail timber that has been illegally harvested.
4. Globalization has increased the level at which businesses rely on each other to deliver products and services to the market. Improved technology, communications and distribution channels have increased the reach of Australian businesses. Business decisions and activities can have an impact on other countries not just locally. 

]]> 2019-03-18 12:48:28 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342358799 International Labour Organisation 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342360819 - Has 188 conventions and 199 recommendations.
- Child labour is prohibited under ILO Minimum Age Convention and ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention. It is a violation of fundamental human rights. It has shown to perpetuate poverty across generations as children grow up without access to education or decent health care.]]> 2019-03-18 12:52:13 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342360819 Cultural Considerations 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342366834 Culture is a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people, and that when taken together constitute a design for living. By values we mean abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good, right and desirable. Put differently, values are shared assumptions about how things ought to be. By norms we mean the social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behaviour in particular situations]]> 2019-03-18 13:02:54 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342366834 Level of Education 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342383354 1. It affects the availability of skilled workers. Qualitative aspects of education, namely, varying emphases on particular skills and the overall level of the education provided, affect availability of required skills.
2. It affects business functions. High level of illiteracy suggests the use of visual aids rather than printed manuals. Local recruiting for sales jobs is affected by the availability of suitably trained personnel. In some cases. International firms routinely send locally recruited personnel to headquarters for training.
3. It determines marketing strategies. The general education level of a country is also a good index of the kind of products that might sell in a country and of the type of promotional material that should be used. Promotional material containing written descriptions of mass-marketed products is unlikely to have an effect in a country where almost three-quarters of the population cannot read. It is far better to use pictorial promotions in such circumstances.
4. It might result in knowledge divide. One reason for the knowledge divide between nations is the level of investment in school education. There must be an early focus on basic literacy and primary education must be universally accessible. A good foundation or primary education leads to secondary and tertiary achievement.]]> 2019-03-18 13:32:30 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342383354 Customs 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342383419 Ways of behaving and conducting oneself in public and business situations. 
Customs involved many aspects of one’s life, i.e. eating habits and mealtimes, working hours and holidays, drinking and toasting, appropriate behavior at social gatherings and gift-giving. 

]]> 2019-03-18 13:32:36 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342383419 Holidays and Celebrations 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342383490 Components of culture. International managers need to understand the importance of local festivals. Moreover, managers need to plan for regional holidays that may affect the availability of clients and staff. Major holidays are often tied to religion.]]> 2019-03-18 13:32:44 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342383490 Religious Beliefs 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342388639 A system of common beliefs or attitudes concerning a being or a system of thought that people consider to be sacred, divine, or the highest truth. It incorporates moral codes, values, institutions, traditions, and rituals associated with this system. ]]> 2019-03-18 13:41:51 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342388639 Business Etiquette 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342389611 A code of behavior that delineates expectations for social behavior according to contemporary conventional norms within a society, social class, or group. Understanding etiquettes are especially important in negotiations, because interpretations based on one’s own frame of reference may lead to a totally incorrect conclusion.]]> 2019-03-18 13:43:11 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342389611 Communication Protocols 18110817_1 https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342391162 Outline the types of information to be communicated to the organization, as well as identifying the person(s) responsibility for communicating particular topics. ]]> 2019-03-18 13:45:14 UTC https://padlet.com/18110817_1/b3xn5qqopki7/wish/342391162