Hormonal modulator is a substance which regulates the hormonal status of the body. The function of the whole body relies on precise networking between the CNS (central nervous system) and hormones. 

Example of drug: 

-  Oral contraceptive (estrogen receptor negative (ER−) modulator)

Brand name : Ortho-Cept

 

-  Tamoxifen (selective androgen receptor modulator)

Brand name: Nolvadex

 

-  Mifepristone (progesterone receptor modulator)

Brand name: Mifeprex                                                                                   
Effects of Estrogen on the Periodontal Tissues

•           Decreases keratinization while increasing epithelial glycogen that results in the diminution in the effectiveness of the epithelial barrier

•           Increases cellular proliferation in blood vessels

•           Stimulates PMNL phagocytosis

•           Inhibits PMNL chemotaxis

•           Suppress leukocyte production from the bone marrow

•           Inhibits proinflammatory cytokins released by human marrow cells

•           Reduces T-cell mediated inflammation

•           Stimulates the proliferation of the gingival fibroblasts

•           Stimulates the synthesis and maturation of gingival connective tissues

•           Increases the amount of gingival inflammation with no increase of plaque.      

 

•           Increases vascular dilatation, thus increases permeability

•           Increases the production of prostaglandins

•           Increases PMNL and prostaglandin E2 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)

 •          Reduces glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory effect

•           Inhibits collagen and noncollagen synthesis in PDL fibroblast

•           Inhibits proliferation of human gingival fibroblast proliferation

•           Alters rate and pattern of collagen production in gingiva resulting in reduced repair and maintenance potential

•           Increases the metabolic breakdown of folate which is necessary for tissue maintenance and repair.

•           Inhibit prostaglandin secretion

•           Enhance osteoblast proliferation and differentiation

•           Reduce IL-6 production during inflammation

•           Enhance matrix synthesis by periodontal ligament fibroblasts and osteoblasts.       

 

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