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      <title>Caribbean Civilization  by Ranielle Arthurton</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/rainelle_12/b04cz305ldt8</link>
      <description>Portfolio </description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2017-11-27 19:39:34 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Danger of a Single Story 28/11/17</title>
         <author>rainelle_12</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/rainelle_12/b04cz305ldt8/wish/210624781</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Danger of a single story encompasses the old time and biblical saying often utilized: "though shall not judge". While giving her speech Ms. Adichie speaks on being judged based on another persons "single story" of where she came from. She also speaks about judging another person based on only one piece of information about them or a single story of them.<br><br>The "danger" is also discussed whereby your single story of another may be the wrong story and may be passed on to another becoming potentially the only story. This may lead to false information being circulated and may remain this way for generations to come. Such an instance can be seen in the 15th century when Christopher Columbus created a single story of the Kalinagos.  He documented them as man eaters/cannibals and unfortunately for them that single story of them became somewhat set in stone. To this very day it is still splattered across the pages of history text books throughout the Caribbean.  I for one am guilty of believing this story and it was not until passing through a Caribbean Civilization Course that I came to realize the truth. Near the end of the video Ms. Adichie discussed the power of educating yourself about someone or something's entire story and not just the single story. The lesson to be learnt is to find power in education, that, is, educating yourself about more than one story before coming to a conclusion. Through education in this Caribbean Civilization Course I no longer believe the Kalinagoes were cannibals.<br><br>While watching the video, I realized that I had a single story. My single story was that of Trinidad before arriving here, having heard of the crime epidemic. For two weeks after arrival I confined myself to my home and school and dared not to travel anywhere after 5:00 p.m. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.ted.com/talks/chimamanda_adichie_the_danger_of_a_single_story" />
         <pubDate>2017-11-27 19:46:01 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Free Movement Within  CARICOM 29/11/17</title>
         <author>rainelle_12</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/rainelle_12/b04cz305ldt8/wish/210624942</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The essence of CARICOM dates back to the 60s, when a group of countries decided to come together to create the West Indies Federation under the British Caribbean Federation Act of 1956. The aim was to establish a political union among its members.  <br><br>Failure of the Federation came about when Jamaica decided to seek Independence from Britain and leave the Federation. The now famous statement "1 from 10 leaves none" (meaning Jamaica) by Dr. Eric Williams signified and justified his decision to leave the federation. A couple of years after its inception (1962) the federation collapsed. In that same year both Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago gained their independence from Britain. Trinidad then proposed the creation of CARICOM with the 10 member states from the Federation in conjunction with three Guianas and all the islands of the Caribbean Sea - both independent and non-independent. (Secretariat, 2017)<br><br>While in discussion about the creation of CARICOM, a plan was conceptualized to create a free trade area and thus Caribbean Free Trade Area  (CARIFTA) was formed.  In July of 1973, the Treaty of Chagaramus was signed to form the Caribbean Community (CARICOM).<br><br>In 2001 the community began operation under the revised Treaty of Chagaramus and led to the establishment of the <br>CARICOM Single Market and Economy; the basis for free movement within the Caribbean. It was established to <br>deepen the integration movement to better respond to the challenges and opportunities presented by globalization. Some of its key elements include free movement of goods and services, labor and free circulation. <strong> </strong>(Caribbeanelections.com, 2017)<br><br>These elements have proven advantageous to not only the islands in unity but to the residents of such islands. For example, the movement of nurses, to supplement the shortage in other islands. Also the movement of athletes and coaches within the Caribbean lead to better opportunities for athletes who could end up representing the Caribbean on the International scene. <br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BoZyt_jWkpU" />
         <pubDate>2017-11-27 19:46:19 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>It&#39;s Not Just a game 30/11/17</title>
         <author>rainelle_12</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/rainelle_12/b04cz305ldt8/wish/210625088</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The game of cricket has deep historical meaning and has affected Caribbean people socially, politically, mentally. History is rooted deep in the game of cricket. It has acted as a social glue bringing together the different islands and their people. </div><div><br> During colonial rule blacks had very little access to organized cricket (Newman, 2013). Their only participation was through manual labor such as bowling and retrieving balls during their master’s practice session. <br> <br> British Colonizers brought cricket to the West Indies as an imperial sport that was mostly white-dominated. It became more than just a sport however. Although it was used as a means to reinforce a hegemonic cultural order in the face of emancipation, cricket soon became the means of anti-colonial resistance. <br> <br> After the emancipation of slaves, cricket became a new cultural institution as England sought to reinforce hierarchies in its colonies. <br> By the end of the 19th century the mercantile class began dominating West Indian economic and cultural institutions. They began forming clubs throughout the West Indies which eventually led to the formation of Cricket boards notably the West Indies Cricket Board who led the West Indies Cricket Team. The board then joined the Imperial Cricket Council in 1926 and the "Windies" played their first International match (Test Match in 1928 (Cricketwestindies.org, 2017). It was not until the 1960s that West Indies made their Stamp in cricket. After this time some key events took place which showcased the use of cricket as tool to gain respect, recognition and equality for a people who were desperately trying to emancipate themselves from mental slavery that still engulfed their lives. </div><div> </div><div>Such events included the famous “GROVEL” term used by Tony Greig, the then Captain of the England team which fueled the West Indians to use cricket as their sword in the Battle against their former Masters.<br>The other events include the defeat of England on English soil for the first time in 1950 and the appointment of the first black captain of the West Indies Test team, Sir Frank Worrell. <figure class="attachment attachment--preview"><img src="http://www.crictracker.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Sir-Frank-Worrell.jpg" width="600" height="446"><figcaption class="attachment__caption"></figcaption></figure><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=20dbNXbD4TA" />
         <pubDate>2017-11-27 19:46:37 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/rainelle_12/b04cz305ldt8/wish/210625088</guid>
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         <title>Caribbean Civilization: The Answer To My Culture Shock  01/12/17</title>
         <author>rainelle_12</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/rainelle_12/b04cz305ldt8/wish/210625132</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>As a Nevis national arriving in Trinidad for the very first time the culture shock hit me like a maxi on the Priority Bus Route or a bolt of lightning. After having traveled to only one other Caribbean island I did not expect what I saw upon arrival.  My comparison might be a bit over the top but I had never in my life seen so many "Indians" in one place before. I felt exactly like the little boy looks in the artifact provided. We must remember that I was coming from a very small island where the Indian population was noticeable but not surprising. <br><br>As I journeyed through this Caribbean Civilization course my shock greatly diminished as I learned about why I was seeing so many Indians in Trinidad. The topic "Demographic Diversity" answered the question I asked myself for weeks following my arrival. <br><br>After the emancipation of slaves in the British Caribbean the planters were faced with a dilemma. They were forced to find a new means of supporting the sugar economies of its West Indian Colonies while maintaining sugar imports into Britain. <br>On May 20th 1845, The Fath Al Razak docked in the Port-of-Spain harbor with 225 adult passengers on board. (Mahibir, 2007) <br>After experimenting with different groups India, a British Colony was utilized as a means of replacement labor. The Indians were brought in under a "new system of slavery" or indenture. <br><br>Under this new system called the "Immigration Scheme" which ended in 1917,  the Indians were allowed free return passage after 10 years residence. A total of 147,596 Indians came to Trinidad over a 70-year period. Most (almost 75%) of the Indians gave up there free trip home. The development of a settled Indian community and a Trinidadian born Indian Population thus became possible. <br><br> </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-11-27 19:46:40 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Porfolio Accountability Statement</title>
         <author>rainelle_12</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/rainelle_12/b04cz305ldt8/wish/211218745</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-11-29 00:33:07 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/rainelle_12/b04cz305ldt8/wish/211218745</guid>
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         <title>References </title>
         <author>rainelle_12</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/rainelle_12/b04cz305ldt8/wish/211218852</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Caribbeanelections.com. (2017). <em>Caribbean Elections - CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME)</em>. [online] Available at: http://www.caribbeanelections.com/education/integration/csme.asp [Accessed 2 Dec. 2017].<br><strong>&nbsp;<br></strong>Cricketwestindies.org. (2017). <em>History: West Indies Cricket – Cricket West Indies (CWI)</em>. [online] Available at: http://cricketwestindies.org/index.php/about/our-history/ [Accessed 1 Dec. 2017].<br><br>Mahabir, K. (2007). Indian Arrival Day in Trinidad and Tobago. [Blog] <em>Trinidad and Tobago News Blog</em>. Available at: http://www.trinidadandtobagonews.com/blog/?p=254 [Accessed 30 Nov. 2017].<br><br>Newman, Jonathan A., "'Massa Day Done:' Cricket as a Catalyst for West Indian Independence: 1950-1962" (2013). <em>Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository</em>. 1532. <br><br>Secretariat, C. (2017). <em>History of the Caribbean Community —Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat</em>. [online] Caricom.org. Available at: http://caricom.org/community/history#paginate-27 [Accessed 2 Dec. 2017].</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-11-29 00:33:54 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/rainelle_12/b04cz305ldt8/wish/211218852</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>rainelle_12</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/rainelle_12/b04cz305ldt8/wish/212465660</link>
         <description><![CDATA[￼]]></description>
         <pubDate>2017-12-01 23:34:22 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/rainelle_12/b04cz305ldt8/wish/212465660</guid>
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