Iago uses Ethos to persuade the characters in Othello that he should have Othello's job because he has fought in battle for many years and is an experienced solider.

Example: "I am one, sir, that comes to tell you your daughter and the Moor are now making the beast with two backs. (1.1.129-131).

• This quote exemplifies connotation because the words hold an implied, vulgar meaning, leading the audience to develop an opinion on the actions of Othello with Desdemona. In this instance, the reader may feel disgusted or uncomfortable because of the action being described.

Iago colonializes Othello "Even now, now, very now, and old black ram/ is tupping your white ewe." (1.1.97-98)

Example: "Iago is most honest" (2.3.7)

This line from Othello is an example of an oxymoron because there is a pairing between Iago, who we know is very sneaky and deceitful, and honest, which is the opposite of what Iago has shown us in the play so far. This would be an example of an oxymoron because there are two terms in close vicinity to each other that also that contradict one another.

Example: "Good Brabantio, Take up this mangled matter at the best. Men do their broken weapons rather use than do their bare hands" (1.3.198-201)

This is used to tell Brabantio that the case he thought he had against Othello is no longer viable and that in order to win he will have to fight back with weapons that Othello just "broke" after giving his reasoning for loving Desdemona.

Example in Othello: "My services which I have done this signiory/ Shall out-tongue his complaints." (1.2.21-22)

Explanation: When Othello says this to Iago, he shows his confidence in his reputation and his services to the state, outweighing the accusations against him for marrying Desdemona.

Example -

"Were I the Moor I would not be Iago. In following him, I follow but myself...But I will wear my heart upon my sleeve For daws to peck at. I am not what I am." (1.1.64-71)

Iago is loyal Othello, only to harm him, which is a situation that contradicts itself. This prompts the reader to think deeper into the purpose of Iago's actions and relationships.

Ex: "By which the property of youth and maidhood" (1.1.194)

Brabantio consideres Desdemona his property because that's how the patriarchy worked in this time period, therefore, Othello stole her.

In Othello, Roderigo asks, "What a full fortune does the thick-lips owe if he can carry 't thus!" (1.1.72-73). Roderigo asks this question about Othello, not because he wants an answer, but because he wants to make a point about Othello's race.

Ex: "Our bodies are our gardens, to which our wills are gardeners. So that if we will plant nettles or sow lettuce, set hyssop and weeding up thyme, supply it with one gender of herbs or distract it with many, either to have sterile with idleness or manured with industry, why the power and corrigible authority of this lies in our wills," (1.3.362-369). Iago compares the human body/nature to a garden. He is expressing the idea that our human nature can either be cultivated or left to grow wild. This is an extended metaphor because he reinforces this idea over several lines.

"How I did thrive in this fair lady's love, and she in mine/ Her father loved me, oft invited me, Still questioned me the story of my life... Would Desdemona seriously incline. She'd come again with a greedy ear" (1.3.146-185)

"What tell'st thou me of robbing? This is Venice. My house is not a grange." (1.1.118-119)

Brabantio is using the connotation of a grange being a house that is easily robbed, but the literal definition is a country house with farm buildings attached to it, and does not explicitly state that they are easily robbed, even though that is how they were seen in this time.

EXAMPLE: "Even now, now, very now, an old black ram / Is tupping your white ewe" (1.1.97-98). Iago uses racist imagery to describe Othello, showing his hateful tone towards him.

Example from Othello: "She is abused, stol'n from me, and corrupted/By spells and medicines bought of mountebanks;/For nature so prepost'rously to err-/ [being not deficient, blind, or lame of sense-]/Sans Witchcraft could not." (1.3.72-77)

"The food that to him now is as luscious as locusts shall be to him shortly as bitter as coloquintida" (1.3.391-392)

Ex: "Your heart is burst. You have lost half your soul. Even now, now, very now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe" (1.1.96-98).

Iago calls Othello an "old black ram" instead of his name or the Moor. It paints a negative picture of Othello.

Example: the continual references to Othello as "the Moor," as a "thing," and through other animalistic imagery dehumanize him and emphasize his otherness

Example: In Othello, Iago manipulates facts to persuade characters to align with his agenda. Particularly in 1.3.393, Iago makes a claim that Desdemona will become tired of Othello's body, supports his contention with thorough evidence and reasoning in lines 384-415, and as a result, he convinces Rodrigo to yearn-on and go make money, which he will use to instigate later in the plot.

example: When Iago says Desdemona and Othello are “making the beast with two backs”. It's a euphemism for them having sex. Instead of saying it directly in a crude way, he uses an image/metaphor that softens (and disguises) the act

One of the three modes of persuasion. This mode is used to appeal to emotions by manipulating the audience to feel whatever emotion to author is trying to evoke. Some common ways an author uses pathos are through vivid imagery, vocabulary with strong emotional connotations, and personal stories or anecdotes.

Example from Othello:

In Act 1 Scene 1 of Othello, Iago uses pathos when talking to Brabantio about Desdemona and Othello's eloping. He appeals to Brabantio's feelings of racism, betrayal, and desire to maintain his reputation to make him angry with Othello.