Chapter 13.3-4 by Kelly May https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/azbv8qfmeo0f sections 3 and 4 en-us 2017-11-28 14:59:45 UTC 2025-11-18 10:26:36 UTC hello@padlet.com Errors of Law kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/azbv8qfmeo0f/wish/210933360
  • An error of law occurs when the judge makes a mistake about the law applicable in the case. 
  • Another error of law might occur if a judge permits evidence to be shown to a jury that should not be allowed. 
    • ]]>     2017-11-28 15:01:17 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/azbv8qfmeo0f/wish/210933360     Due Process kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/azbv8qfmeo0f/wish/211375157
  • The fair administration of justice is called procedural due process.
  • They help:
    • prevent arbitrary and unreasonable decisions
    • ensure that police, lawyers, judges, and jurors follow the same basic procedures regardless of the defendant.
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  • one party presents arguments asking the court to review the decisions and the other party presents arguments supporting the decision.
  • There are no juries or witnesses  and no new evidence is presented. 
  • a panel of judges decide appeals.
  • Three outcomes of an appeal court:
    • uphold the trial court’s decision
    • reverse the trial court’s decision
    • send the case back to the lower court to be tried again. 
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  • Judges consider precedent when appealing court decisions. 
  • Following precedent is often called stare decisis which means “let the decision stand.” 
  • Appellate courts have the power to overrule one of their earlier precedents, but this does not happen often.

    • ]]>     2017-11-29 13:41:47 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/azbv8qfmeo0f/wish/211377721     Jurisdiction kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/azbv8qfmeo0f/wish/213314975
  • most of the legal cases resolved in state courts.
  • State courts can hear a wide variety of cases which makes them courts of general jurisdiction.
    • ]]>     2017-12-05 14:55:49 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/azbv8qfmeo0f/wish/213314975     State Trial and Appeals Courts kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/azbv8qfmeo0f/wish/221909948
  • minor courts, general trial courts, and appeals courts make up state courts.
  • minor courts are often called justice courts, municipal courts, magistrate courts, or inferior trial courts. 
  • Small claims courts- involve small amounts of money
  • probate courts- handle cases involving wills
  • General trial courts can hear a wide range of cases—civil or criminal.
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  • There are about 30,000 state court judges in the United States that are selected in four different ways.
  • In most states, judges are elected and serve a limited term.
  • Some states choose judges in a method known as merit selection. 
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  • Federal courts can hear cases that raise questions about a federal law or the federal constitution.
  • Overall, federal courts handle more than 375,000 cases per year.
    • ]]>     2018-01-16 22:43:22 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/azbv8qfmeo0f/wish/221910758     Federal Trials and Appeals Courts kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/azbv8qfmeo0f/wish/221911170
  • Congress has divided the United States into federal judicial districts that have a trial court known as a federal district court. 
  • These courts handle both criminal and civil cases.
  • Federal bankruptcy and tax courts handle only certain kinds of cases. 
  • The trial courts are grouped into 12 regional circuits with federal court of appeals in each.
  • The court of appeals judges handle appeals of trial court decisions.
    • ]]>     2018-01-16 22:45:53 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/azbv8qfmeo0f/wish/221911170     Judges kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/azbv8qfmeo0f/wish/221918667
  • There are about 852 federal judges in the United States. 
  • They are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate. 
  • They serve until they resign, retire, or die. 
    • ]]>     2018-01-16 23:56:56 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/azbv8qfmeo0f/wish/221918667