Discussion Board Unit 2 by Madelynn McCormack https://padlet.com/madelynnmccormack/az0n7sjab7drmj87 en-us 2021-02-15 19:23:54 UTC 2021-02-15 21:59:41 UTC hello@padlet.com Autonomic Nervous System madelynnmccormack https://padlet.com/madelynnmccormack/az0n7sjab7drmj87/wish/1204677967 Also known as the Visceral Nervous System]]> 2021-02-15 19:30:34 UTC https://padlet.com/madelynnmccormack/az0n7sjab7drmj87/wish/1204677967 Sympathetic System madelynnmccormack https://padlet.com/madelynnmccormack/az0n7sjab7drmj87/wish/1204681070 (Adrenergic System)
"Fight, Flight, Fright"]]> 2021-02-15 19:31:59 UTC https://padlet.com/madelynnmccormack/az0n7sjab7drmj87/wish/1204681070 Parasympathetic System madelynnmccormack https://padlet.com/madelynnmccormack/az0n7sjab7drmj87/wish/1204681885 (Cholenergic System) 
"Rest & Digest"]]> 2021-02-15 19:32:22 UTC https://padlet.com/madelynnmccormack/az0n7sjab7drmj87/wish/1204681885 Neurotransmitters madelynnmccormack https://padlet.com/madelynnmccormack/az0n7sjab7drmj87/wish/1204689606
  • Acetylcholine (ACH)
    • - cholinergic
    - released at ganglia from presynaptic nerve ending
    • Norepinephrine (NE)
    - adrenergic
    - released at postganglionic
    - released by adrenal medulla and neurons
    • Epinephrine (EPI)
    - adrenergic
    - produced adrenal medulla 
    • Dopamine (DA)
    - precursor to NE
    ]]>     2021-02-15 19:35:43 UTC https://padlet.com/madelynnmccormack/az0n7sjab7drmj87/wish/1204689606     Neurotransmitters madelynnmccormack https://padlet.com/madelynnmccormack/az0n7sjab7drmj87/wish/1204692824
  • Acetylcholine (ACH) 
    • released at ganglia and postganglionic nerve endings
    ]]>     2021-02-15 19:37:03 UTC https://padlet.com/madelynnmccormack/az0n7sjab7drmj87/wish/1204692824     Receptors madelynnmccormack https://padlet.com/madelynnmccormack/az0n7sjab7drmj87/wish/1204716002
  • Alpha-1
    • - found on glands, smooth muscles, eyes, most arteries and veins, and ureters
    - stimulated by NE and EPI (catecholamines) 
    Causes vasoconstriction of arteries and veins (increases blood pressure), causes dilation of the pupils (mydriasis), causes smooth muscle contraction
    • Alpha-2
    - parasympathetic response
    - decreases the release of NE
    Causes vasodilation of arteries and veins (decreases blood pressure), causes a decrease in the contraction of smooth muscles
    • Beta-1
    - located on the heart <3
    - stimulated by NE and EPI 
    Increased heart rate, conduction, and the force of contraction on the heart
    • Beta-2
    - located on smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries, and coronary arteries
    - stimulated by EPI 
    Causes bronchodilation in the lungs, vasodilation of the coronary and skeletal arteries, relaxes the uterus, and smooth muscle relaxation
    ]]>     2021-02-15 19:47:00 UTC https://padlet.com/madelynnmccormack/az0n7sjab7drmj87/wish/1204716002     Receptors madelynnmccormack https://padlet.com/madelynnmccormack/az0n7sjab7drmj87/wish/1204716390
  • Muscarinic 
    • - Located on cardiac, smooth muscle, glands, and the cell membrane of visceral organs
    -Stimulated by ACH
    -at parasympathetic postganglionic nerve endings  
    decreases heart rate, bronchoconstriction of the lungs, increases digestion and secretions in the GI tract, increases urination, and cause pupillary constriction in the iris
    • Nicotinic 1 (Nn): 
    - at ganglia of parasympathetic nerves and sympathetic nerves (synapse area) 
    - Stimulated by ACH
    • Nicotinic 2 (Nm): 
    - located on the cell membrane of skeletal muscles
    - neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle  
    - stimulated by ACH 
    When stimulated, muscle contracts
    ]]>     2021-02-15 19:47:09 UTC https://padlet.com/madelynnmccormack/az0n7sjab7drmj87/wish/1204716390     Adrenergic Drugs madelynnmccormack https://padlet.com/madelynnmccormack/az0n7sjab7drmj87/wish/1204788552
  • Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists
    • - alpha-1 receptor acted on
    Mechanism of action:  
contraction of smooth muscle
vasoconstriction causes an increase in blood pressure, and a decongestant effect
    Drugs:
    1. ephedrine
    2. phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)
    • Adrenergic Agonists
    - Acts on all receptors 
    Mechanism of action: 
vasoconstriction causes an increase in blood pressure
Cardiac stimulant
Bronchodilator
    Drugs:
    1. epinephrine (Adrenalin®)
    • Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
    - Acts on Alpha-1 receptors and blocks them
    Mechanism of action: 
relaxes smooth muscle 
vasodilation of blood vessels causes a decrease in blood pressure 
relaxes the smooth muscle of ureters and increases urine flow
    Drugs:
    1. prazosin (Minipress®)
    2. terazosin (Hytrin®) 
    3. doxazosin (Cardura®)
    • Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists        
    - Acts on Beta-1 receptor 
     Mechanism of action:
Low dose: stimulates d-1 receptors in kidneys causing vasodilation and increased renal blood flow
Moderate dose: stimulates beta 1 receptors and increases force of contraction and cardiac output 
High dose: stimulates alpha-1 receptors and causes vasoconstriction increasing blood pressure
    Drugs:
    1. dobutamine
    • Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonist 
    - Acts on Beta-2 receptors
    Mechanism of action:
bronchodilation 
relaxes the smooth muscle in the uterus
    Drugs:
    1. albuterol (Proventil®, Ventolin®)
    2. terbutaline (Brethine®)
    3. formoterol (Foradil®)
    4. salmeterol (Serevent®)
    • Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
    Selective Beta-1 Blockers
    - Blocks Beta-1 receptor
    Mechanism of action:
decreases force of contraction, cardiac output, heart rate, conduction, and blood pressure
    Drugs:
    1. atenolol (Tenormin®)
    2. metoprolol (Lopressor®)

    Non-selective Beta Blockers
    - Blocks Beta-1 and Beta-2 receptors 
    Mechanism of action: 
decreases force of contraction, cardiac output, heart rate, conduction, and blood pressure
can cause bronchoconstriction
    Drugs:
         1. nadolol (Corgard®)
         2. propanolol (Inderal®) 
          3. timolol (Blocadren®)
    ]]>     2021-02-15 20:20:40 UTC https://padlet.com/madelynnmccormack/az0n7sjab7drmj87/wish/1204788552     Citations madelynnmccormack https://padlet.com/madelynnmccormack/az0n7sjab7drmj87/wish/1204847180 U2-ANSPart1.ppxd
    U2-ANSPart2.ppxd]]>     2021-02-15 20:51:07 UTC https://padlet.com/madelynnmccormack/az0n7sjab7drmj87/wish/1204847180     Cholenergic Drugs madelynnmccormack https://padlet.com/madelynnmccormack/az0n7sjab7drmj87/wish/1204869359
  • Direct –Acting Cholinergic Agonists
    • - Stimulates and binds to the muscarinic receptors
    Mechanism of action: 
Mimics ACH, can cause pupil contraction, urinary retention, prevent constipation
    Drugs:
    1. acetylcholine
    2. pilocarpine (Pilocar® )
    3. bethanechol (Urecholine®)
    • Indirect –Acting Cholinergic Agonists 
    Mechanism of action:
inhibits acetylcholinesterase, increases ACH, used to treat myasthenia gravis, antidote for overdosed anticholinergics
    Drugs:
    1. neostigmine (Prostigmin®)
    • Anticholinergic
    - Binds to cholinergic receptors
    Mechanism of Action: 
acts as a blocking drug; competitive antagonism
    Drugs:
    1. atropine
    2. dicyclomine (Bentyl®)
    3. Ipratropium Bromide 
    ]]>     2021-02-15 21:03:45 UTC https://padlet.com/madelynnmccormack/az0n7sjab7drmj87/wish/1204869359